Life saving signals

Life saving signals in case of distress

1. Life Saving Signals Logistic II “A” Date: January/18/2016 GRADE: 10 Laura Andrade David Cox David Coto Arianna Espinoza Nicole Gar cía Helanny Rendón Carolina Vélez Lecturer Mr Max Galarza

2. International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS )

3. ( SOLAS )

4. ( SOLAS )

5. A distress alert should be transmitted if, in the opinion of the Master, the ship or a person is in distress and requires immediate assistance . D istress alert should as far as possible include: T he ship's last known position and the time (in UTC) when it was valid. The position and the time may be included automatically by the ship's navigational equipment or may be inserted manually.

6. Life Saving Signals Replies from maritime rescue units to distress signals Signals to be employed in connection with the use of shore lifesaving apparatus

7. Flares Purpose is to summon help should the need arise (should be displayed only when immediate or potential danger exists). Disadvantage : be effective when someone is in a position to see them. Red Hand-held Flare Parachute Flare Red Meteor Day & Night

8. Code Flags Single-letter signals which are very urgent, important, or common.

9. Smoke Signals Smoke signals are designed to help pinpoint the location of a vessel in distress. Emitting a thick, colored smoke rather than light. No use in the dark , but in daylight, a big plume of colored smoke is often more visible than the bright but relatively small light emitted by a handheld flare.

10. Morse Code In an emergency, Morse code can be sent by improvised methods that can be easily "keyed" on and off, making it one of the simplest and most versatile methods of telecommunication. The most common distress signal is SOS or three dots, three dashes and three dots, internationally recognized by treaty.

11. Instruments

12. Alarms General Alarm : The general alarm on the ship is recognized by 7 short ringing of bell followed by a long ring or 7 short blasts on the ship’s horn followed by one long blast. The general alarm is sounded to make aware the crew on board that an emergency has occurred . Fire Alarm : A fire alarm is sounded as continuous ringing of ship’s electrical bell or continuous sounding of ship’s horn.

13. Ship Security Alarm System : Most of the ocean going vessels are fitted with security alert alarm system, which is a silent alarm system sounded in a pirate attack emergency. This signal is connected with different coastal authorities all over the world via a global satellite system to inform about the piracy . Navigational Alarm : In the navigation bridge, most of the navigational equipments   and navigation lights are fitted with failure alarm. If any of these malfunctions, an alarm will be sounded in an alarm panel displaying which system is malfunctioning.

14. Parachute For use in day and night long range distress signal situations . Ideally should be stored in the robust, specially designed polybottle , or in a dry, easily accessed location at ambient temperature. How to use: Hold securely at arms length, vertically above head, turn head away and pull toggle. Rocket is ejected instantaneously with a loud report and slight recoil. Ensure that rocket is not aimed at people or property

15. Gun for flares A flare is a tube packed with explosive chemicals that burn very brightly or give off smoke . M ain kinds are  handheld flares  (which operate on the ground) and rocket flares  (which are fired into the air ). Colors : Red and orange flares always indicate distress. White flares work usually designed to illuminate an area at night (for example, if someone falls overboard) or to prevent imminent collisions at sea (by indicating a ship or boat's position to another vessel); they don't normally indicate danger .

16. Flares : How are they used ?

17. Radiotelephony Distress Signals A signal made by radio/telegraphy or by any other signalling method consisting of the group . . . - - - . . . in the Morse Code A signal sent by radio/telephony consisting of the spoken word Mayday . Urgency Signals in radio/telegraphy, three repetitions of the group XXX, sent with the letters of each group, and the successive groups clearly separated from each other I n radio/telephony, three repetitions of the expression PAN PAN Safety Signals in radio/telegraphy, three repetitions of the group TTT, sent with the letters of each group and the successive groups clearly separated from each other; the word SECURITE pronounced as the French word SÉCURITÉ, repeated three times, (to which correspond in English pronunciation the syllables SAYCURE-E-TAY).

18. Marine Radios The DSC distress alert is transmitted as follows: tune the transmitter to the DSC distress channel (2 187.5 kHz on MF, channel 70 on VHF) if time permits, key in or select on the DSC equipment keyboard the nature of distress, the ship's last known position (latitude and longitude ) the time (in UTC) the position was valid type of subsequent distress communication (telephony )

19. Marine Radio: Example Ships receiving a DSC distress alert from another ship shall: watch for the reception of a distress acknowledgment on the distress channel (2187.5 kHz on MF and channel 70 on VHF); acknowledge the receipt of the distress alert by transmitting on channel 16 on VHF: "MAYDAY", the 9-digit identity of the ship in distress, repeated 3 times, "this is", the 9-digit identity or the call sign or other identification of own ship, repeated 3 times, "RECEIVED MAYDAY".

20. S ea dye marker It is a lifesaving device used for sea rescue. U se on all military aircraft and vessels. Contain a   fluorescent green dye  that spreads over the surface of the water so as to increase visibility for a rescue pilot to see. C an be seen for a mile or more and lasts for 30 to 40 minutes. Wind and the choppiness of the water will affect the shape of the pattern .

21. Sources

22. ALLIANZ. (2014). Safety and Shipping 1912-2012: From Titanic to Costa Concordia. Retrieved January 26, 2016, from http://www.agcs.allianz.com/insights/white-papers-and-case-studies/safety-and-shipping-report / Boar US. ( n.d .). Flares and Distress Signals . Retrieved from http://www.boatus.org/distress-signals / Boat Safe . ( n.d .). Distress Signals . Retrieved from http://www.boatsafe.com/nauticalknowhow/distress.htm Navigation Center. (2010). DSC DISTRESS . Retrieved from http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/?pageName=DSCDistress Rúa, C. (2006). Los puertos en el transporte marítimo. Retrieved from https://upcommons.upc.edu/bitstream/handle/2117/289/8.%20Rua.pdf?sequence=1 Navigation Center. (2010). Distress Signals . Retrieved from http ://www.navcen.uscg.gov/pdf/navRules/Annexes/CGNAVRULES_20141118_Annex_4.pdf