Life Sciences Gr.10 Lesson 53 Support systems in animals. Functions of Human skeleton.pptx

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1. Life Sciences Grade 10 Topic: Support systems in Animals Sub-topic: Human skeleton: Functions Lesson 53 Presenter: Ntombi Dladla

2. Human skeleton The skeleton of the adult human is made up of 206 bones . The human skeleton is composed of two parts: The axial skeleton is made up of all the bones around the axis of the body. This includes the skull bones, vertebral column and thoracic cage . 2. The appendicular skeleton are the upper and lower limbs as well as the shoulder and pelvic girdles. Its bones “append” to the axial skeleton.

3. The human skeleton

4. Diagram of the facial bones 1. Function: Cranial bones protect the brain. Orbit protects the sides of the eyes.

5. Function of the Axial skeleton Arrangement of the vertebrae allows for the formation of tiny gaps between the vertebrae . These gaps allow spinal nerves to enter and leave the spinal cord . Cartilaginous discs occur between the vertebrae. These discs acts as shock absorbers during movement . They also prevent friction between the vertebrae .

6. Function of the rib cage It provides protection for the internal organs , lungs and heart. It plays a role in ventilation . Ventilation is important because it allows for gases to enter or leave the lungs .

7. Appendicular skeleton The shoulder blades are also called the scapulae. Each scapula is large, flat bone with a triangular shape. Function: It has a spine on its back for the attachment of muscles.

8. The Appendicular skeleton It forms a joint with the scapula called the ball and socket joint.

9. The Upper Limb Function: The upper end of the ulna fits into the lower end of the humerus . It forms a hinge joint .

10. Function: The Lower Limb: The head of the femur fits into the acetabulum of the hip bone . It forms a joint called ball and socket joint . Appendicular skeleton

11. ACTIVITIES

12. Activity 1 1. The pelvic is more rigid because of… A. Its attachment to vertebral column B. The deep socket C. Both A and B D. B only 2. One of the functions of the skeleton is to… A. Store minerals B. Prevent friction C. All for circulation of blood D. Allow for contraction and relaxation of the heart muscle

13. Activity 1 1.3 The hip bones are attached to… A. Vertebrae in the back B. To each other in the front C. Both A and B D. None of the above

14. Activity 2 A G F E D C B A G F E D C B 2.1 Study the diagram of the human rib cage and answer the questions that follow . 2.1 Which TWO vital organs are protected by the rib cage? Heart √ and lungs √ 2.2 Which vital organ is protected by the cranial bones? The brain √

15. Activity 3 A G F E D C B A G F E D C B   School-boy rugby often makes newspaper headlines because of the number of injuries sustained by players. Most of the serious injuries are to the head or neck. Examine the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.   3.1 . Provide labels for A, B and C. A = Vertebrae √ B = Spinal cord √ C = Cervical vertebrae√ 3. 2 What is the role of the cartilaginous bands between the vertebral discs when a person is playing rugby? These discs acts as shock absorbers during movement. √ They also prevent friction between the vertebrae √

16. Activity 4 List FOUR functions of the human skeleton. Locomotion/movement with muscles✔ Protection of organs✔ Store minerals in bone✔ Strengthening and support, give body shape✔ Hearing- ossicles in ear, smallest bones in body

17. Activity 5 The table shows the amount of protein and calcium salts in bone, dentine and enamel. Dentine and enamel are the two materials which make up teeth. Plot a bar chart showing the dry mass composition of calcium salts and proteins in bone, dentine and enamel.

18. Activity 5