Likert's four systems on leadership

Mbp

1. LIKERT ‘S FOUR SYSTEMS Presentation by - NAVEEN KUMAR

2. OVERVIEW : A Brief Introduction about RENESIS LIKERT . What LIKERT SCALE is all about ? With an example . Linking Pin Model ? LIKERT’s FOUR SYSTEM . Advantages . Conclusion .

3. Renesis Likert - An American Educator & A Organizational Psychologist . - Born on 5 th of August , 1903 . - Best known for Research on Management Styles .

4. - Famous for developing the “ LIKERT’S SCALE “ . LIKERT ‘s SCALE – A psychometric scale commonly involved in research using questionnaires & the “ linking pin model “. - Likert scale asks people the extent to which they agree or disagree with a statement on a points scale. The scale ranges from “strongly disagree” to “strongly agree”.

5. EXAMPLE OF LIKERT’S SCALE :

6. LINKING PIN MODEL : - It presents an organization as a number of overlapping work units in which a member of a unit is the leader of another unit .

7. SYSTEM 1 – EXPLOTATIVE AUTHORITATIVE - R esponsibility lies in the hands of the people in the upper ranks of the hierarchy . - S uperior has no trust and confidence in sub – ordinates. - D ecisions are imposed on the sub – ordinates . - T eamwork or Communication is very little . - M otivation is based on Threats .

8. SYSTEM 2 – BENEVOLENT AUTHORITATIVE - R esponsibility lies at the managerial levels but not at the lower levels of the organizational hierarchy . - S uperior has condescending confidence and trust in subordinates (master-servant relationship) . - D ecisions are imposed on the sub – ordinates . - T eamwork or Communication is very little . - M otivation is based on Rewards .

9. SYSTEM 3 – CONSULTATIVE - R esponsibility is spread widely throughout the organizational hierarchy . - S uperior has substantial but not complete confidence in sub - ordinates . - S ome amount of discussion about job related issues takes place b/w the superior and the sub – ordinates . - F air amount of teamwork & communication takes place vertically & horizontally . - M otivation is not only based on Rewards but also of Involvement in job .

10. SYSTEM 4 - PARTICIPATIVE - R esponsibility for achieving the organizational goal is wide spread throughout the organizational hierarchy . - S uperior has high level of confidence on his sub - ordinates . - D iscussion about job related issues takes place regularly b/w the superior and the sub – ordinates . - H igh level of teamwork & communication takes place vertically & horizontally . - M otivation is not only based on Rewards but also based on the Involvement in job .

11. Comparison of Four systems with one another is based on certain organizational variables , which are : Leadership Processes . Motivational Forces . Communication Process . Interaction – Influence Process . Decision – Making Process . Goal – setting . Control Processes .

12. On the basis of this profile, Likert administered a questionnaire to several employees belonging to different organizations and from different managerial positions (both line and staff) . Systems 1 and 2 were the least productive, and the departments or units employing management practices within Systems 3 and 4 were the most productive.

13. Advantages of Likert’s System : W as able to Quantify the results of the work done in the field of Group Dynamics . Helped in measurement of the “ soft areas “ of management , such as TRUST & COMMUNICATION .

14. Conclusion : According to Rensis Likert , the nearer the behavioral characteristics of an organization approach System 4 (Participative) , the more likely this will lead to long-term improvement in staff turnover and high productivity, low scrap, low costs, and high earnings and the organization will achieve optimum effectiveness .

15. “ If your actions inspire others to dream more , learn more , do more and become more , you are a leader “.