Limitation Of Conventional Techniques Of Epidemiology.pptx

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1. Athar Ilyas 2012-ag-2651 Clinical epidemiology (med 707) Limitation Of Conventional Techniques Of Epidemiology

2. Epidemiology ??? 2 Epi – means “on, upon, befall” epidermis: upon the body, skin Demo – means “people, population, man” demographics Logy – means study of

3. Continue… 3 Some see epidemiology as science, others see it as a method. Generally seen as a scientific method to investigate disease Def : an investigative method used to detect the cause or source of diseases, disorders, syndromes, conditions that cause pain, injury illness, disability, or death in human populations or groups

4. EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION Data collection Epidemiologic competence Surveys Surveillance Program data Rapid Assessment

5. Ethical issues in data collection Data collection always costs someone It may cost health , time and energy to complete surveillance forms.  Implementing or revising programmes in response to the conclusions drawn from data collected always cost manpower, time, money, and other resources  If the conclusions are wrong because the data were poorly collected, these resources, which could have been used otherwise, may be wasted or inefficiently employed.

6. Ethical issues in data collection Before beginning the planning process, be sure that the results of the data collection will: Truly be needed, Be disseminated widely, Be used to implement or revise a program, Use the least costly data collection method .

7. Limits in epidemiologic competence Selecting and training survey workers Proper techniques for collecting biologic specimens Data entry , including setting up the data entry program Data analysis, including techniques necessary for data derived from surveys using complex sampling Formulation of appropriate conclusions and recommendations Report writing and verbal presentation

8. Surveys  A survey conducted in an epidemic focus to discover the source of an infection, the means by which the causative agent was transmitted, and the circumstances that gave rise to the disease. The findings are used to devise ways of preventing the disease from spreading.

9. Limits Of Survey The lack of time to carry out a survey The lack of funding necessary to carry out a survey The lower priority for carrying out a survey because of competing urgent tasks

10. Survellence The continuous, systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of health-related data needed for the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice.

11. Limits of Surveillance Incomplete reporting Assessing the quality of surveillance data

12. Program data Most programmes do not record information on health impact Many barriers may inhibit people's ability to use the service even if it is available

13. Rapid Assessment Some common problems with rapid assessment include: Lack of coordination among organizations Performed too late Data not representative or misinterpreted Lack of security preventing thorough assessment Findings are ignored Historical data are forgotten