linneus system of classification (1).pptx

Carl Linnaeus system of artificial classification of plants

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2. Artificial System of Classification Carolus Linnaeus 2

3. Presented To: Ma’am Aneeqa Presented By: Farhan Ahmed Tahir (02) Presented By: Muhammad Anwaar Arshad (04) 3

4. CAROLUS LINNEAUS Born May 22, 1707 in Rashult, Sweden Father of Taxonomy Produced his sexual system of classification (Artificial Classification) Invented binomial nomenclature 4

5. WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL PLANT CLASSIFICATION Method of classifying plants based on a limited number of their physical and sexual characteristics 5

6. BASICS ‘Sexual’ system Divided plants into 24 classes Classes based largely on the amount, union and length of stamens 6

7. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES Monandria Canna  or  canna lily  is the only  genus  of  flowering plants  in the family Cannaceae, consisting of 10  species . All of the genus's species are native to the  American tropics  and naturalized in Europe, India and Africa in the 1860s. With one stamen Canna, Lemna 7

8. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES Diandria Lepidium  is a genus of plants in the mustard/cabbage family,  Brassicaceae . The genus is widely distributed in the Americas, Africa, Asia, Europe, and Australia. It includes familiar species such as  garden cress ,  maca , and  dittander . General  common names  include  peppercress ,  peppergrass ,  pepper weed , and  pepperwort . With two stamens Veronica, Lapidium 8

9. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES Triandria Iris  is a  flowering plant   genus  of 310 accepted  species  with showy  flowers . As well as being the scientific name, iris is also widely used as a common name for all  Iris  species, as well as some belonging to other closely related genera Nearly all species are found in  temperate   Northern Hemisphere  zones, from  Europe  to  Asia  and across North America . Uses : T hey are also used in various traditional medicines for the treatment of inflammations, cancer, bacterial and viral infections, and other diseases. With three stamens Iris, Grasses 9

10. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES Tetrandria Elms  are  deciduous  and  semi-deciduous  trees comprising the genus  Ulmus  in the family  Ulmaceae . They are distributed over most of the Northern Hemisphere, inhabiting the  temperate  and  tropical - montane  regions of North America and Eurasia, presently ranging southward in the Middle East to Lebanon and Israel, [1]  and across the Equator in the Far East into Indonesia. Uses : Elm  wood  is valued for its interlocking grain, and consequent resistance to splitting, with significant uses in  wagon -wheel hubs,  chair  seats, and  coffins . With four stamens Ulmus, Protea 10

11. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES Pentandria Ipomoea   is the largest  genus  in the plant family  Convolvulaceae , with over 600  species . It is a large and diverse group, with common names including  morning glory ,  water convolvulus  or water spinach,  sweet potato ,  bindweed ,  moonflower , etc The genus occurs throughout the tropical and sub tropical regions of world. Uses: Most species have spectacular, colorful flowers, and are often grown as  ornamentals , and a number of  cultivars  have been developed. Their deep flowers attract large  Lepidoptera  - especially the  Sphingidae , such as the  pink-spotted hawk moth  ( Agrius cingulata ) - or even  hummingbirds . With five stamens Ipomoea,Primula 11

12. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES Hexandria Lilium  is a  genus  of  herbaceous   flowering plants  growing from bulbs, all with large prominent flowers. They are the true  lilies . Lilies are a group of flowering plants which are important in culture and literature in much of the world. Most species are native to the  Northern Hemisphere  and their range is  temperate climates  and extends into the  subtropics . Uses: L ily bulbs are  starchy  and edible as  root vegetables , though bulbs of some species may be too bitter to eat. With six stamens Lilium,Allisma 12

13. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES Heptandria Lysimachia borealis  (synonym  Trientalis borealis ), the  starflower , is a  North American  woodland  perennial  that blooms between May and June. Lysimachia borealis  is found from Canada to north-central and eastern United States. It is found in  temperate climates Uses: Starflower has virtually no edible uses and very limited medicinal uses. It was not widely used for medicinal purposes by native American groups. However, several groups are said to have used it as a treatment for ailments of the eye With seven stamens Trientalis 13

14. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES Octandria Vaccinium   is a common and widespread  genus  of  shrubs  or  dwarf shrubs  in the  heath family  (Ericaceae). . The genus contains about 450 species, [17]  which are found mostly in the cooler areas of the  Northern Hemisphere , although there are tropical species from areas as widely separated as  Madagascar  and  Hawaii . The genus is distributed worldwide except for Australia and Antarctica. Uses: The plants bear edible berries that are high in nutritive value and are obviously of dietary use. The plants are of medicinal use in treating several diseases like diabetes, several ocular diseases, and vascular disorders. With eight stamens Vaccinium 14

15. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES Enneandria Rheum  is a  genus  of about 60  herbaceous   perennial plants  in the family  Polygonaceae . Species are native to eastern Europe, southern and eastern temperate Asia, with a few reaching into northern tropical Asia.  Rheum  is cultivated in Europe and North America. The genus includes the vegetable rhubarb . Uses: Many  Rheum  species have food and medicinal uses. Some of these uses originated in Asia more than 2,000 years ago. All parts of the plant contain slightly  poisonous   oxalic acid , but its concentration in the leaf stems or petioles used in food preparation is very low, and their tart flavor instead is caused by nontoxic  malic acid . With nine stamens Rheum,Ranunculus 15

16. Class Characters Examples Decandria Oxalis  is a large  genus  of  flowering plants  in the wood-sorrel family  Oxalidaceae , comprising over 550 species.The genus occurs throughout most of the world, except for the  polar  areas; species diversity is particularly rich in tropical  Brazil ,  Mexico , and  South Africa . Uses: Several species are grown as  pot plants  or as  ornamental plants  in  gardens , for example,  O. versicolor . With ten stamens Oxalis 16

17. MUHAMMAD ANWAAR ARSHAD Roll no 04 17

18. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES Dodecandria Reseda  also known as the  mignonette   is a  genus  of fragrant  herbaceous  plants native to  Europe ,  southwest Asia  and  North Africa , from the  Canary Islands  and  Iberia  east to northwest  India . Uses: Mignonette flowers are extremely fragrant. It is grown for the sweet  ambrosial  scent of its flowers. It is used in flower arrangements,  perfumes  and  potpourri . With 11-19 stamens Reseda,Calla 18

19. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES Icosandria A  rose  is either a woody  perennial   flowering plant  of the  genus   Rosa  in the family  Rosaceae  or the  flower  it bears. There are over three hundred  species  and  tens of thousands  of  cultivars . Uses: Roses are best known as  ornamental plants  grown for their flowers in the  garden  and sometimes indoors. They have been also used for commercial perfumery and commercial cut flower crops. Stamens 20 or more,on the calyx Rosa,Rubus 19

20. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES Polyandria Tilia  is a  genus  of about 30 species of trees or bushes, native throughout most of the  temperate  Northern Hemisphere. The tree is known as  linden  for the European species, and  basswood  for North American species. Uses: Linden trees produce soft and easily worked timber, which has very little  grain  and a density of 560 kg/m 3 .It was often used by Germanic tribes for constructing shields. It is a popular wood for model building and for intricate carving. Stamens 20 or more on the receptacle Tilia,Papaver 20

21. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES Didynamia The  Lamiaceae  or  Labiatae  are a  family  of  flowering plants  commonly known as the  mint ,  deadnettle  or  sage  family. Many of the plants are  aromatic  in all parts and include widely used culinary  herbs  like  basil ,  mint ,  rosemary ,  sage ,  savory ,  marjoram ,  oregano . Uses:   Several medicinal properties have been attributed to this plant.   Essential oil of tulsi has been reported to possess 100% larvicidal activity against the  Culex  mosquitoes. Trials have shown excellent antimalarial activity of tulsi. Stamens didynamous;2 short, 2 long Labiatae 21

22. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES Tetradynamia Brassicaceae  or  Cruciferae  is a medium-sized and economically important  family  of  flowering plants  commonly known as the  mustards , the  crucifers , or the  cabbage family . Brassicaceae can be found almost on the entire land surface of the planet, but the family is absent from Antarctica, and also absent from some areas in the tropics i.e. northeastern Brazil, the  Congo basin ,  Maritime Southeast Asia  and tropical  Australasia . Uses: This family includes important agricultural crops, among which many vegetables such as  cabbage ,  broccoli ,  cauliflower ,  kale ,  Brussels sprouts ,  collard greens ,  Savoy ,  kohlrabi . Stamens tetradynamous;4 long, 2 short Cruciferae 22

23. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES Monadelphia Malvaceae  , or the  mallows , is a family of  flowering plants  estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Most species are found in Mexico, tropical Central and South America, Africa, Madagascar, India, south east and east Asia, Papuasia and Australia. Uses: Hibiscus is used for treating loss of appetite, colds, heart and nerve diseases, upper respiratory tract pain and swelling (inflammation), fluid retention, stomach irritation, and disorders of circulation Stamens Monadelphous united in 1 group Malvaceae( Hibiscus ) 23

24. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES Diadephia The  Fabaceae   or  Leguminosae , commonly known as the  legume ,  pea , or  bean family , are a large and agriculturally important  family  of  flowering plants with about 765 genera and nearly 20,000 known species. The Fabaceae have an essentially worldwide distribution, being found everywhere except Antarctica and the high Arctic. Uses: Several species of Fabaceae are used to produce dyes. The heartwood of logwood,  Haematoxylon campechianum , is used to produce red and purple dyes. The  histological  stain called  haematoxylin  is produced from this species. Stamens diadelphous; united in 2 groups Fabaceae 24

25. Class Characters Examples Polyadelphia Hypericum  is a  genus  of  flowering plants in the  family   Hypericaceae     (formerly considered a subfamily of  Clusiaceae ).The genus has a nearly worldwide distribution, missing only from  tropical  lowlands,  deserts  and  polar regions . Uses: Depression. Taking specific St. John's wort extracts by  mouth  is effective for mild or moderate depression. Certain St. John's wort products might work as well as some  prescription drugs  and might cause fewer side effects. Stamens polyadelphous united in 3 or more groups Hypericum 25

26. Class Characters Examples Syngenesia The  family   Asteraceae , with the original name  Compositae , [5]  consists of over 32,000 known species of  flowering plants  in over 1,900 genera within the  order   Asterales . Asteraceae species have a widespread distribution, from subpolar to tropical regions in a wide variety of habitats. Most occur in hot desert and cold or hot semi-desert climates, and they are found on every continent but Antarctica. Uses: Asteraceae is an economically important family, providing products such as  cooking oils ,  leaf vegetables  like  lettuce ,  sunflower seeds ,  artichokes ,  sweetening agents , coffee substitutes and  herbal teas . Stamens syngenesious; united by anthers only Compositae 26

27. Class Characters Examples Gynandria Orchids  are plants that belong to the  family   Orchidaceae . a diverse and widespread group of  flowering plants  with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant. It contains about 28,000 currently accepted  species  distributed across 763  genera . Uses: The  scent  of orchids is frequently analysed by  perfumers  (using  headspace technology  and  gas-liquid chromatography / mass spectrometry ) to identify potential fragrance chemicals. Stamens united with the gynoecium Orchidaceae 27

28. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES Monoecia Morus , a  genus  of flowering plants in the family  Moraceae , consists of diverse species of  deciduous  trees commonly known as  mulberries , growing wild and under cultivation in many  temperate  world regions. Uses: White mulberry leaves are the preferred feedstock for silkworms, and are also cut for food for livestock (cattle, goats, etc.) in areas where dry seasons restrict the availability of ground vegetation. The leaves are prepared as  tea  in Korea. The fruit are also eaten, often dried or made into wine. Plants monoecious Morus(Mulberry),Typha 28

29. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES Dioecia Willows , also called  sallows  and  osiers , of the  genus   Salix , comprise  around 350 species  (plus numerous hybrids) of typically  deciduous  trees and  shrubs , found primarily on moist  soils  in cold and  temperate  regions. Uses: The bark of some species of Salix trees has been used for treating inflammatory and arthritis-related conditions since ancient times . Plants dioecious Salix,Juniperus 29

30. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES Polygamia Acer palmatum , commonly known as  Japanese maple , palmate maple , or  smooth Japanese maple is a species of woody plant native to  Japan ,  Korea ,  China , eastern  Mongolia , and southeast  Russia . Uses: These plants have been traditionally used to treat a wide range of diseases in East Asia and North America. Moreover, clinical studies have shown that medicinal plants belonging to Acer are highly effective in the treatment of rheumatism, bruises, hepatic disorders, eye disease, and pain, and in detoxification. Plants polygamous Acer 30

31. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES Cryptogamia A  cryptogam  (scientific name  Cryptogamae ) is a plant (in the wide sense of the word) or a plant-like organism that reproduces by  spores , without flowers or  seeds . Uses:   Ferns have historically been used extensively by humans as ornamental plants, in domestic utensils, in handicrafts, as components of cosmetic formulations and foodstuffs, and for medicinal purposes. cryptogams are known to be good bioindicators (e.g., of substrates; of plant community conditions; or of air, water, and soil pollution) and are used in various environmental studies. Flowerless Plants Fern,Algae,Fungi 31