LIPID METABOLISM.pptx

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1. LIPID METABOLISM

2. L IPID METABOLISM Fats (or triglycerides) within the body are ingested as food or synthesized by adipocytes or hepatocytes from carbohydrate precursors. entails the oxidation of fatty acids to either generate energy or synthesize new lipids from smaller constituent molecules. associated with carbohydrate metabolism, as products of glucose (such as acetyl CoA) can be converted into lipids.

3. W HAT IS THE DEFINITION OF LIPID METABOLISM ? Lipid metabolism is the synthesis and degradation of lipids in cells, involving the break down or storage of fats for energy. These fats are obtained from consuming food and absorbing them or they are synthesized by an animal's liver.

4. W HAT IS THE END PRODUCT OF LIPID METABOLISM ? Just like glucose, the end-products of fatty acid metabolism are carbon dioxide, water and ATP .

5. W HERE DOES LIPID METABOLISM OCCUR IN THE BODY ? Triglycerides and lipids, high-energy molecules, are stored in adipose tissue until they are needed .

6. W HAT IS A LIPID METABOLISM DISORDER ? Lipid metabolism disorders, such as Gaucher disease and Tay-Sachs disease, involve lipids. Lipids are fats or fat-like substances. They include oils, fatty acids, waxes, and cholesterol. ... Or the enzymes may not work properly and your body can't convert the fats into energy.

7. W HERE ARE LIPIDS STORED IN THE BODY ? Lipids such as cholesterol, cholesteryl esters and triglycerides are stored in your body primarily in specialized fat cells called adipocytes, which comprise a specialized fatty tissue called adipose tissue. Stored lipids can be derived from the lipids in your diet or from lipids that your body synthesizes.

8. W HAT IS THE ROLE OF THE LIVER IN THE USE OF LIPIDS ? With the help of vitamin K, the liver produces proteins that are important in blood clotting . In fat metabolism the liver cells break down fats and produce energy.

9. H OW ARE LIPIDS USED IN THE BODY ? Lipids, also known as fats, play many important roles in your body, from providing energy to producing hormones. You wouldn't be able to digest and absorb food properly without lipids. Of course, eating more fat than you need can lead to weight gain, but in proper amounts lipids are a healthy part of your diet.

10. H OW DO WE METABOLIZE FAT ? Fat Metabolism. Almost all fat in your diet comes in the form of triglycerides. These compounds contain three fatty acids held together by a molecule called glycerol. In order to store or use fats for energy, this bond must be broken by pancreatic enzymes released into your stomach acid.

11. W HAT HAPPENS TO FATTY ACIDS IN THE LIVER ? The liver is the major site for converting excess carbohydrates and proteins into fatty acids and triglyceride, which are then exported and stored in adipose tissue. The liver synthesizes large quantities of cholesterol and phospholipids.

12. W HERE ARE LIPIDS ABSORBED IN THE BODY ? Most lipids that you consume in your diet are fats. Some digestion occurs in your mouth and the stomach, but most takes place in the small intestine .

13. L IPID A BSORPTION AND T RANSPORT

14. L IV E R The liver takes up a large fraction of the fatty acids. There they are in part resynthesized into triglycerides and are transported in VLDL lipoproteins to muscle and other tissues .

15. CHOLESTEROL Cholesterol is a waxy, fat- like substance that's found in all the cells in your body. Your body needs some cholesterol to make hormones, vitamin D, and substances that help you digest foods. Your body makes all the cholesterol it needs. Cholesterol is also found in foods from animal sources, such as egg yolks, meat, and cheese.

16. HDL : G OOD CHOLESTEROL H i g h - de n sity lipoprotein one of the five major groups of lipoproteins. Lipoproteins are complex particles composed of multiple proteins which transport all fat molecules around the body within the water outside cells.

17. LDL: B AD CHOLESTEROL stands for low- density lipoproteins. is called the "bad" cholesterol because a high LDL level leads to a buildup of cholesterol in your arteries.

18. VLDL : VERY LOW - DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN . very low-density lipoprotein. also a "bad" cholesterol because it too contributes to the buildup of plaque in your arteries. But VLDL and LDL are different; VLDL carries triglycerides and LDL carries cholesterol.

19. F ATTY A CID M ETABOLISM Fatty acid metabolism consists of catabolic processes that generate energy, and anabolic processes that create biologically important molecules. Fatty acids are a family of molecules classified within the lipid macronutrient class.

20. F ATTY A CID S YNTHESIS Fatty acid synthesis is the creation of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and NADPH through the action of enzymes called fatty acid synthases. This process takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell. Most of the acetyl- CoA which is converted into fatty acids is derived from carbohydrates via the glycolytic pathway.

21. L IPOGENESIS Lipogenesis is the process your body uses to convert carbohydrates into fatty acids, which are the building blocks of fats. Fat is an efficient way for your body to store energy.

22. L IPOLYSIS the breakdown of lipids and involves hydrolysis of triglycerides into glycerol and free fatty acids. Predominantly occurring in adipose tissue, lipolysis is used to mobilize stored energy during fasting or exercise.

23. P UTTING L IPIDS TO U SE essential to good health, not only for humans but also for other animals and even plants. a poor conductor of heat, lipids also can function as effective insulators Act as chemical messengers in the body, while others serve as storage areas for chemical energy. There is a good reason why babies are born with "baby fat" and why children entering puberty often tend to become chubby: in both cases, they are building up energy reserves for the great metabolic hurdles that lie ahead, and within a few years, they will have used up those excessive fat stores

24. R EFER E N C ES https://opentextbc.ca/anatomyandphysiology/chapter/24-4-lipid- metabolism/ https://www.biologyexams4u.com/2013/02/difference-between-fatty- acid-synthesis.html#.W3PiEsIRXIU http://lipidlibrary.aocs.org/Biochemistry/content.cfm?ItemNumber=3918 7 https://www.britannica.com/science/lipid/Mobilization-of-fatty-acids https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Schematic-diagram-of-the-putative- roles-of-the-placental-plasma-membrane-associated- and_fig1_12249750 https://www.ccrc.uga.edu/~rcarlson/bcmb3100/Chap28.pdf https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Proposed-role-of-ghrelin-and- leptin-in-lipogenesis-and-lipolysis-respectively-ACC_fig3_261254994 https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html https://medlineplus.gov/ldlthebadcholesterol.html