lipids for the biomolecules regarding carbon.pptx

biomolecules

1. Lipids

2. Carbohydrates “instant” energy for cells ?????lipids? “job” of storing energy for later use

3. Fat = Essential Energy Most of our long term energy supplies operates via the formation, storage and metabolism of body fat (triglycerides) . Short term energy storage, from one meal to another, occurs through a starch-like substance called glycogen (a carbohydrate).

4. Lipids Hydrophobic – means they are insoluble in water Glycerol and Fatty acids are the BUILDING BLOCKS of lipids Primarily involved in formation of cell membrane, which is bilipid layer

5. Types of lipids

6. 1. Triglycerides Triesters of fatty acids and glycerol Composed mainly of hydrogen and carbon Found in both plants and animals Solid triglycerides are classified as: Liquid triglycerides are Fats classified as : Oils

7. Representative Fatty Acids C12-C18(also C20) Dietary Fats and Oils CH 3 -(CH 2 ) 12 -COOH CH 3 -(CH 2 ) 14 -COOH CH 3 -(CH 2 ) 16 -CO 2 H CH 3 -(CH 2 ) 7 -CH=CH-(CH 2 ) 7 -CO 2 H CH 3 -(CH 2 ) 4 -CH=CH-CH 2 -CH=CH-(CH 2 ) 7 -CO 2 H CH 3 -CH 2 -CH=CH-CH 2 -CH=CH-CH 2 -CH=CH-(CH 2 ) 7 -CO 2 H ( 1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (1) Myristic acid 58 Saturated C-14 (2) Palmitic acid 63 Saturated C-16 (3) Stearic acid 71 Saturated C-18 (4) Oleic acid 4 Monounsaturated C-18 (5) Linoleic acid - 5 Polyunsaturated C-18 (6) Linolenic acid - 11 Polyunsaturated C-18 Name Class Mp( o C)

8. Fats Solids at room temperature and contain saturated fatty acids (only C-C) e.g. animal fat, butter

9. Oils Liquid at room temperature Contains unsaturated fatty acids unsaturations (C=C) eg . many vegetable oil (olive, sunflower, corn,avocado )

10. Canola ( Can adian -o il- l ow a cid) Oil from Canadian rape seed Has “ideal ratio” of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids of 2:1 Also very low in saturated fat

11. Olive oil Deemed to be the most “heart healthy” Highest % of monounsaturated fatty acids

12. 2. Steroids Composed of fused rings of atoms

13. The most important steroid is Cholesterol Other acts as hormone like Testosterone Estrogen progesterone

14. Cholesterol - a steroidal alcohol High – red meat, egg yolks, dairy products Low – egg whites, yoghurt None ! – fruits, veggies, vegetable oils

15. Properties of Cholesterol very insoluble in water, C 27 H 46 O solid, mp . 149 o compact, stiff/rigid

16. Cholesterol is Absolutely Essential ! The average male (80kg/170lb) contains ~220gm About : 50% in cell membranes 40% converted to bile acids to ‘emulsify/ transport’ lipids (liver> gall bladder> intestines) some converted to hormones (testosterone, estrogens, cortisone) in 80kg male (~ gms ) blood 16 muscle 45 brain 50 adipose tissue 45 skin 18 liver 8 heart/kidney, etc. 8 adrenal glands 2 alimentary tract 7

17. High Density Lipoproteins (HDL’s) transport excess cholesterol to the liver for disposal “good cholesterol” LDL’s (Low Density Lipoproteins) and VLDL’s tend to deposit cholesterol on arterial walls “bad cholesterol”

18. Gallstones

19. 3. Phospholipids A major component of a cell membrane Composed of: 2 fatty acids a glycerol unit phosphate group polar molecule

20. Head – Hydrophilic “ loves water” Tail – Hydrophobic “ hate water”

21. What are calories? Is a unit of energy Fats, protein, and carbohydrates are important sources of calorie

22. Sum up What are the three types of lipids? Triglycerides ( oil,fats ) Steroids (cholesterol) Phospholipids (component of a cell membrane)

23. Check your understanding Lipids are insoluble in water because lipid molecules are ___________? Hydrophilic Neutral Hydrophobic Zwitter ions

24. 2.Which of the following contains most lipids?

25. 3. Which of the following oil has the lowest saturated fat content? Coconut oil Palm oil Beef tallow Canola oil

26. 4-5 How does oil differ from fats?

27. 6-7 How does HDL differ from LDL cholesterol?

28. 8-10 What are the three types of lipids?

29. For 5 points Solve for the calorie?