Lirary Classification-Need and Purpose.ppt

Knowledge is dynamic and continuous. Our curiosity makes us to think more and more about certain problems and improve our knowledge in that area.
The totality of subjects is called “Universe Of Subjects”. Sometimes, we also use the word universe of knowledge, by which we mean that total knowledge available to humanity at any particular point of time....
MODE OF FORMATION OF SUBJECTS,The Features of Library Classification-NEED AND PURPOSE LIBRARY CLASSIFICATION

1. Dr. BRAOU Online Classes:
Unit -1
Need and Purpose of Library Classification
By
Dr.M.ANJAIAH, Associate Professor. (Retd.)
Dept. of Library and Information Science
Dravidian University-Kuppam, A.P.
&
Library Science Counselor, Dr,BRAOU,
Study Center:
University Arts & Science College, Warangal.
Email: [email protected]
Mobile No.: 9908694950
Date: 23
rd
May,2024
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2. INTRODUCTION TO
UNIVERSAL GROWTH OF KNOWLEDGE
•Asweallknownwell,every10years,theknowledgeis
growingdoubleinallsubjectsandalllanguages,like
PopulationExplosionandInformationExplosion.
•Knowledgeisdynamicandcontinuous.Ourcuriosity
makesustothinkmoreandmoreaboutcertain
problemsandimproveourknowledgeinthatarea.
•Thetotalityofsubjectsiscalled“UniverseOfSubjects”.
Sometimes,wealsousetheworduniverseof
knowledge,bywhichwemeanthattotalknowledge
availabletohumanityatanyparticularpointoftime.
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3. MODE OF FORMATION OF SUBJECTS
•Wehearaboutnewsubjectscomingupforstudy
everynowandthen.
•Newknowledgeandnewsubjectsaregenerated
fromtimetotime.
•RanganathanmethodicallystudiedtheModesof
FormationofSubjectsaround1950.
•Heidentifiedthatsubjectsareformedthrough4
modesNamely-1.Denudation,2.Dissection3.
Laminationand4.LooseAssemblage.Subsequently,
twomoremodesofformationviz.,‘Distillation’and
‘Fusion’wereadded.
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4. UNIVERSE OF KNOWLEDGE
Knowledgecanberecordedintheformof
manuscripts,books,musicalrecordsmapsandso
on.
KNOWLEDGE
1. Unrecorded 2. Recorded
Private Public Private Public
Personal Experience Public Speeches Personnel Letters Books, Articles
Essays, Prints
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5. Dichotomy Division into two (Binary classification-0,1)
Further divided into two (Tree of porphyry)
STRUCTURE OF SUBJECTS
LIVING ORGANISM
Plants Animals
Non-FlowingFloweringVertebratesInvertebrates
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6. Decachotomy
-Division into Ten
(DDC, UDC)
Polychotomy
-Division into Many
-CA Cutter introduced in expensive classification
(S R Ranganathan’s CC)
Decachotomy
-Continuous growth of new subjects
-Dynamic
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7. Knowledge has been divided into
Major Areas called as….
1. BASIC SUBJECTS
2. COMPLEX SUBJECTS
3. DISCIPLINES
4. COMPOUND SUBJECTS
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8. 1. LOOSE ASSEMBLAGE
LooseAssemblagemeans,Amodeof
subjectformation,twoormoresubjects
/isolatesarestudiedintheirMUTUALrelation,
resulting,inacomplexsubject.
Ex.ComparisonbetweenIslamandBuddhism
(Religion)
1.RelationbetweenMotherandchild.(Family)
2.RelationbetweenDDCandUDC
(Classification)
3.Theyarefivetypes:
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9. 2. LAMINATION
Lamination-Lamine (Latin word), means, Thin separable layer
Ex. See your, note books/dining table/doors. They are
laminated, you can find, a very slighter differenc
TwoorMorespeciesofbasicsubjectgoing
withthesameprimarybasicsubjectare
compoundedoveroneanother,givingrisetoa
compoundbasicsubject.
Example: Radiation physics (species of basic
subject) + wave mechanics (species of basic
subject) = Study or radiation according to wave
mechanics(compound subject).
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10. 3. DISSECTION
Dissection:
Itiscuttingauniverseofentitiesintopartsof
coordinatestatusevenaswecutasliceofbread
intostrips.EachpartshouldbecalledLemia.
Ex:UniverseofLifeSciencewillbedividedinto..
as..Botany,Zoology,Agricultureetc.
4.Denudation:
Itisaprogressivedecreaseofextension
andIncreaseofintentionorwithofabasic
subjectorisolateIdea.
For Example: Library and Information science:
Cataloguing & OPAC
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11. 4. DENUDATION
•Long drawn and repeated dissection of a single
entity becomes denudation.
•Itisstrippingasubject,likepealinganonion,ofits
successivelayerstoreachthebottomofthe
bottomless.
•Example: Sciences, physical sciences, chemistry,
organic chemistry, aromatic compounds,
benzenoids, benzene and so on illustrate the
denudation at work.
•generatesachainofentitiesinsuccessivesub-
ordination.
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12. 5.FUSION:
In this form of mode, Two or More than two
subjects fused together.
Ex: Biology + Physics = Biophysics
6.FISSION:
Inthisformofmode“abasicsubjectoran
isolateissplitintosub-division,whichis
commonlyknownasfragmentation.
Ex. Basic Subject: Philosophy
Sub-division: Ethics, Metaphysics,
Epistemology….
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13. 7.DISTILLATION:Inthismode,puresubject
distilledoremergedoutofcombinationof
differentcompoundsubject.
Ex:ManagementScience.Managementisakindof
subject,Itmaybeappliedanysubject..Hotel
managementorHospitalmanagement.etc..
8.AGGLOMERATION:Inthismode,severalmain
subjectsthataremutually&exclusively
relatedareagglomeratedortoformintoSingle
Group.GroupedTogether
ForEx:SocialScience,NaturalScience
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14. What is Classification ?
•Classificationisamentalprocessbywhichlike
thingsorconceptsbroughttogetherandunlike
thingsorconceptsseparatedfromthem.
•Ordinarily,classificationisaprocessofgrouping,
ideasorobjectsonthebasisofcertainqualities
whichitsmembersposses.
•ArrangementofentriesinRailwayTimeTables,
displayofgoodsinagroceryshop,seating
arrangementinatheatreorastadium,assigning
registrationnumberstodifferentvehicles,
arrangementofmoneybydenominationare
someexamplesofclassificationinourdailylife.
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15. LIBRARY CLASSIFICATION
•Alibraryclassificationisasystemofknowledge
organizationbywhichlibraryresourcesare
arrangedandorderedsystematically.
•Libraryclassificationsuseanotationalsystem
thatrepresentstheorderoftopicsinthe
classificationandallowsitemstobestoredin
thatorder.
•Libraryclassificationsystemsgrouprelated
materialstogether,typicallyarrangedina
hierarchicaltreestructure.
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16. •Alibraryclassificationisasystemofcodingand
organizinglibrarymaterials(books,serials,
audiovisualmaterials,computerfiles,maps,
manuscripts,regalia)accordingtotheirsubjectand
allocatingacallnumbertothatinformation
resource.
•Similartoclassificationsystemsusedinbiology,
bibliographicclassificationsystemsgroupentities
togetherthataresimilar,typicallyarrangedina
hierarchicaltreestructure.
•Adifferentkindofclassificationsystem,calleda
facetedclassificationsystem,isalsowidelyused
whichallowstheassignmentofmultiple
classificationstoanobject,enablingthe
classificationstobeorderedinmultipleways.
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17. Library Classification..conti..
•Libraryclassificationisaworkconsistsoftwosteps.
Firstly,the“aboutness”ofthematerialis
ascertained.
•Next,acallnumber(essentiallyabook’saddress)
basedontheclassificationsysteminuseatthe
particularlibrarywillbeassignedtotheworkusing
thenotationofthesystem.
•Itisimportanttonotethatunlikesubjectheadingor
thesauri,wheremultipletermscanbeassignedto
thesamework,inlibraryclassificationsystems,each
workcanonlybeplacedinoneclass.
•Thisisduetoshelvingpurposes:Abookcanhave
onlyonephysicalplace.
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18. Meaning of Classification
•Theword‘Classification’comesfromtheLatin
word,‘Classes’,or:Classis:whichmeansgrouping.
•IntheancientRome,thetermclassiswasusedto
refertoagroupofpersonspossessingcertain
qualitiesincommonaswellasbelongingtothe
sameclass.
•Systematicgroupingorclassificationliesatthe
baseofwellmanagedhumanactivity.For
Example:
•Ourdailylifedependsverymuchontheprocessof
classification.
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19. DEFINITIONS
•MargaretMann,Classificationistheactof
arrangingthingsaccordingtotheirlikenessand
unlikeness.Shefurthersays,Itisasortingor
groupingofthings.
•AccordingtoRichardson,Classificationisputting
togetherlikethings.
•Berwick.C.Sayersdefines,libraryClassificationas
thearrangementofbooksonshelvesor
descriptionofthem,inamannerwhichisthe
mostusefultothosewhoread.
•NewEncyclopediasBritannicadefines,library
classificationasasystemofarrangement
adoptedbyalibrarytoenablepatronstofindits
materialquicklyandeasily.
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20. History Library Classification
•Libraryclassificationswereprecededby
classificationsusedbybibliographerssuch
asConradGessner.
•Theearliestlibraryclassificationschemes
organizedbooksinbroadsubjectcategories.
•Theearliestknownlibraryclassificationschemeis
thePinakesbyCallimachus,ascholarattheLibrary
ofAlexandriaduringtheThirdCenturyBC.During
theRenaissanceandReformationera,"Libraries
wereorganizedaccordingtothewhimsor
knowledgeofindividualsincharge.
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21. Importance of Classification
•Classification is needed for the convenient
study of living organisms.
•Itisnecessaryforknowingthedifferent
varietiesoforganisms.
•It helps in the correct identification of various
organisms. (Like–Books, Journals, etc.)
•It helps to know the origin and evolution of
organisms.
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22. The Features of Library Classification
•TheMajorComponentsLibrary
Classificationare:
1. Schedules
2. Notations
3.Index.
4.DistinguishedFeatures,suchas:generalia
class,formdivisions,booknumbers,and
devicesfornumbersynthesiswhicharenot
requiredinaknowledgeclassification.
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23. NEED AND PURPOSE LIBRARY CLASSIFICATION
•Alibraryhastoserveasaninformationcentre/referral
centreforspecializedsourcesofinformation.
•Theemploymentopportunities,publicutilityservices,
socialawarenessprogrammesareconsideredtobe
essentialareasofinformation,whicharecollectedand
storedfordisseminationtothegeneralpublic.Libraryis
asocialinstitutionandisaserviceorganization.Inorder
thattheservicemaybeusefulandpurposefuland
documentsaretobearrangedsystematically.
•Thearrangementbysubjectisfoundtobemore
suitablethananyother.Hencethereisaneedforlibrary
classification.Libraryisagrowingorganism’says
RanganathaninhisFifthlawofLibraryScience.
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24. •Ifthenumberofdocumentsinalibraryissmall,
theusersaswellasthelibrarystaffcanhandle
thecollectionwithoutanydifficulty.
•But,whenthecollectionisverylargeasinthe
caseofmodernlibrariesthereshouldbea
classificatoryarrangementofthedocuments.
•Whendocumentsarearrangedaccordingtoany
modernschemeoflibraryclassification,the
documentsonrelatedsubjectsappearsideby
sideontheshelves.
•Suchadisplayofsubjectrelationshipisknownas
“Collocation”.
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25. •Libraryclassificationhelpssystematicshelfarrangement
ofdifferentkindsofdocumentsfordifferentpurposes.
•Auserwillbeinabetterpositiontoconsultandusethe
collectionwithouttheassistanceofthelibrarystaff
whendocumentsarearrangedsoconveniently.
•Libraryclassificationhelpsachievetheeffectiveuseof
librarycollection.Italsohelpsinmakingthemaximum
useofthelibrarycollection.Itsavesthetimeoftheuser
andtherebythetimeofthelibrarystaffalso.
•Libraryclassificationalsohelpsinfindingoutthetotal
collectionavailableonasubject.
•Italsohelpsus-toknowthestrengthandweaknessof
thecollectioninthelibraryonanysubject.
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26. Cont----
•MechanizedArrangement:Ifitisdecidedthat
aparticulararrangementissuitablethen,
ordinarily,itshouldnotbechanged.
•Thesequenceshouldbedeterminedoncefor
all,sothatonedoesnothavetore-determine
thesequenceofdocumentsagainwhenthese
arereturnedafterbeingborrowed,orforthe
interpolationofnewdocumentsintheir
correctplaces.
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27. Need of Library Classification
1.HelpfulSequence:Thebasicpurposeofanylibraryclassification
shouldbetoarrangethedocumentsinamethodmostconvenientto
theusersandtothelibrarystaff.Thedocu-mentsshouldbe
arrangedinclasses,andbasedonthemutualrelationsbetween
them.Thiswouldbringtogethercloselyrelatedclasses.Inother
words,relateddocumentswouldbegroupedincloseproximity,the
basicideabeingthatlikeclassesarebroughttogetherandunlike
classesareseparated.
2.CorrectReplacement:Documentsafterbeingtakenoutfromshelves
bytheusersorbythelibrarystaffshould,afterbeingused,be
replacedintheirproperplaces.Itisessentialthatlibrary
classificationshouldenablethecorrectreplacementofdocuments,
afterthesehavebeenreturnedfromuse.Thiswouldrequirea
mechanizedarrangement,whichhasbeendiscussedinthenext
section.
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28. 3.AdditionofNewDocuments:Alibrarywould
acquirenewdocumentsfromtimetotime.
Therefore,libraryclassificationshouldhelpin
findingthemosthelpfulplaceforeachofthese
amongtheexistingcollectionofthelibrary.
Therearetwopossibilitiesinthisregard.
•Firstone-Thenewbooksmaybeonasubjectalreadyprovided
forintheschemeoflibraryclassification,oritmaybeonanewly
emergingsubject,whichmaynothavebeenprovidedforinthe
existingscheme.
•Inthesecondcase,theschemeshouldhaveinbuiltqualities
whichmayallowthefixingthepositionofthenewlyemerging
subjectsamidstanothersubjecthavingliterarywarrant.
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29. 4.WithdrawalofDocumentsfromStock:Incase,the
needarisestowithdrawadocumentfromthestock
forsomereason,thelibraryclassificationshould
facilitatesuchawithdrawal.
So,Libraryclassificationisconcernedwiththe
knowledgecontentofadocumentor,inotherwords,
thesubjectofadocument.Inordertohelptheuser
findvariousdocumentsonaparticularsubject,and
tobringtogetherdocumentsoncloselyrelated
subjectsinafiliatorysequencethelibrary
classificationschemeshavebeenworkedoutby
classificationists.
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30. Functions of Library Classification
1.Toarrangebooksandotherinformation
sourcesinasystematicandhelpfulorderon
theshelvessothat:
i) Users may find all the documents of his subject
or interest in juxtaposition. In other words,
related documents would be grouped in close
proximity;
ii) Helps the library staff in providing expeditious
service to the users;
iii) Browsing is made beneficial.
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31. 2.Ensures specific name to each document,
there by makes possible:
i)Promptlocationofthedocuments;
ii)Speedyrestorationofthedocumentswhen
returnedbyusersafterusebymeansof
mechanizedarrangementinducedinto
classificationthroughnotation;
iii)Toknowthenumberofcopiesofthebook
availableinthelibrary;and
iv)Toknowaboutthevariouseditionsofabook.
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32. 3.Helps the library in :
i) Compilation of bibliographies and union
catalogue.
ii) Book display;
iii) Weeding out old editions of a book,
iv) Adding new editions of a book;
v) Providing correct plan on shelve to a book
published on a new subject;
vi) Providing pinpointed expeditious service to
users; vii) Stock verification; and viii)
Arrangement of Catalogue cards in the classified
part of the catalogue.
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33. 4. The Classified Part Of The Catalogue In Turn;
i) Assist the user of a catalogue to refer to the
location of the document on the shelf;
ii) Informs user the artificial numbers used for
arranging the documents of his subject and
interest;
iii) Provides a clear picture of the available
documents in his subject or interest in the
library;
iv) Helps in preparing reading lists;
v) Assists the cataloguer in deriving subject
headings by means of chain procedure.
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34. CONCLUSION
•Classificationisamentalprocessbywhichlike
thingsorconceptsbroughttogetherand
unlikethingsorconceptsseparatedfrom
them.
•Alibrary classificationisasystemofknowledge
organizationby which library resources are
arranged and ordered systematically.
•Library classifications use a notational system
that represents the order of topics in the
classification and allows items to be stored in
that order.
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35. •Thefunctionofa-modernlibraryistoacquire,
preserveandputtomaximumusethevarious
informationrecords,totheneedy.
•Hence,thereisaneedfortheorganisationof
documentsinalibrary.
•Ahelpfulhintisthatusershavethree
differentapproachestowardsdocuments,
namelyAuthor,TitleandSubjectapproaches.
Thesubjectarrangementisfoundusefulnot
onlybyreadersbutalsoforlibrarianin
providingreferenceservices.
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