PRESIDENTS OF INDIA
The President of India is the head of state and first citizen of India. The President is also
the Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces of India.
The post of President is known in Hindi as:
“Rashtrapathi”, a Sanskrit neologism meaning "lord of the realm"
The President is elected by an electoral college composed of elected members of the parliament
houses, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha, and also members of the Vidhan Sabha, the state legislative
assemblies.
There have been 13 Presidents of India since the introduction of the post in 1950.
Apart from these twelve, three acting presidents have also been in office for short periods of
time.
Varahagiri Venkata Giri became First Acting President of India in 1969 following the death of
Zakir Hussain, who died in office. Giri was elected President a few months later.
He remains the only person to have held office both as a president and acting president.
The President may remain in office for a tenure of five years, as stated by article 56, part V, of
the constitution of India. In the case where a president's term of office is terminated early or
during the absence of the president, the vice president assumes office.
By article 70 of part V, the parliament may decide how to discharge the functions of the
president where this is not possible, or in any other unexpected contingency.
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Rajendra Prasad, the first President of India, is the only person to have held office for two
terms.
Two presidents, Zakir Hussain and Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, have died in office. Their vice-
presidents functioned as acting president until a new president was elected.
Following Hussain's death, two acting presidents held office until the new president, Varahagiri
Venkata Giri, was elected. Varahagiri Venkata Giri himself, Hussain's vice president, was the
first acting president. When Giri resigned to take part in the presidential elections, he was
superseded by Muhammad Hidayatullah as acting president.
The current President is Pranab Mukherjee elected on 25 July 2012. Mukherjee held various
posts in the cabinet ministry for the Government of India such as Finance Minister, Foreign
Minister, Defence Minister and Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission. He originally
comes from West Bengal and is also the first Bengali to hold the post of the President.
The ex- president, Pratibha Patil, who was in office till 25 July 2012, was elected as the 12th
President of India in 2007. She is also the first woman to serve as President of India.