lit critisism structural,moral,marxist.pptx

3rd quarter grade 10 english

1. Critiquing a Literary Selection Based on Structuralist/Formalist, Moralist, and Marxist Approach Quarter 3 - Module 6

2. At the end of this module, you are expected to: • compare and contrast Structuralist/Formalist, Moralist, and Marxist approach; • identify lines or parts of the story essential for a specific approach; and • decode truths and values using moralistic criticism.

3. The short story "The Necklace" by Guy De Maupassant takes place in France several hundred years ago. Mathilde Loisel lives in a flat with her husband, who works as a clerk for the Minister of Education. Their lives are not luxurious, but they are not poor, merely simple. Mathilde, however, longs to be rich. She envies her friend Jeanne who has a large house and lots of jewelry.

4. One day her husband brings home an invitation to a ball. He thinks his wife will be excited to attend such a fancy party, but instead she is upset. She complains that she has nothing suitable to wear to such an extravagant occasion. Her kind husband agrees to give her the four hundred francs that he had been saving to buy a new rifle to get herself a gown.

5. The week of the party, Mathilde seems anxious again. When her husband asks her why, she frets that she has no jewelry to wear with her dress. He suggests that perhaps she could borrow something from her friend Jeanne Forestier. Mathilde goes to Jeanne's house and picks out a sparkling diamond necklace to borrow. She and her husband attend the gala and have a fabulous time.

6. She loves amazing and dances all night. Finally, they head home in the wee hours of the morning. When they arrive home, Mathilde realizes that the necklace is missing. They wonder if it fell off in the carriage that they took home, but neither of them noticed the number. Her husband goes out to search the streets but returns empty handed. To stall for time, Mathilde writes to her friend that she broke the clasp and is having it repaired.

7. In the meantime, they find another necklace that matches the missing one, but it costs thirty-six thousand francs. Her husband fortunately inherited eighteen thousand francs from his father, but they will need to borrow the rest of the money. Finally, they have enough to purchase the replacement necklace and Mathilde gives it to Jeanne who doesn't even look at it. The next ten years Mathilde's life changes dramatically.

8. They move to a smaller apartment where she has to cook and clean for herself. She also does work on the side while her husband works multiple jobs to pay back all the money they borrowed. After the ten years, the money is all paid back, but Mathilde has aged a great deal. One day she sees Jeanne Forestier on the street. She decides to tell her the truth about the necklace.

9. Jeanne is stunned by Mathilde's rough appearance. Mathilde explains that it is indirectly because of Jeanne since she lost the necklace she borrowed from her and had to pay for a replacement. Shocked, Jeanne confesses that the necklace Mathilde borrowed was a fake, made of paste, worth no more than five hundred francs.

10. What is the cause of Madame Loisel’s constant unhappiness? her desires to be wealthy b. her marriage c. her poor health d. her wish for more friends 2. Which of the following is NOT a THEME of “The Necklace”? Be happy with what you have b. Be honest and tell the truth c. Be responsible for the things you borrow d. Be selfish with your assets 3. What conclusion might you draw about Madame Loisel’s character, based on the life she wants to live? She cares most about her relationships b. She cares most about material things c. She enjoys working d. She has simple needs

11. 5. What does the end of the story suggest? Madame Forestier has two diamond necklaces b. Madame Forestier purposely tricked Mathilde c. Madame Loisel become very wealthy d. Madame Loisel suffered needlessly 6. What role does “class” play in the work? Mathilde’s husband is just working as a low-paid clerk that obviously cannot fulfill her lust towards material things Mathilde’s desire to be in the upper-class Mathilde’s social and economic status. Mathilde’s unhappiness and misery in marriage

12. Approach Structuralist/Formalist Proponent/s: Ferdinand de Saussure =father of Structuralism whose ideas on structure in language has laid the foundation the progress of the linguistic sciences Definition: focuses on the elements of a story, symbolism, figurative language, and structure.

13. Approach Structuralist/Formalist Critical Questions Who is narrating or telling what happens in the work? What is the plot? How is the plot related to its structure? Who are the major and minor characters, what do they represent, and how do they relate to one another? What is the setting? How is the setting related to what we know of the characters and their actions? To what extent is the setting symbolic? What kind of language does the author use to describe, narrate, explain, or otherwise create the world of the literary work? More specifically, what images, similes, metaphors, symbols appear in the work?

14. Approach Structuralist/Formalist Examples (Analysis from “The Necklace”) Symbolism: the necklace as deception; and the necklace as an illusion of wealth. The characters are very well-represented, Monsieur Loisel (whom Mathilde was married to…both from a family of clerks), Mathilde (who longs to mingle with high society), Madame Forestier (whom Mathilde envies so much).

15. Approach Moralist Proponent/s: Plato =if art does not teach morality and ethics, then it is damaging to its audience Aristotle =elements such as language, character, plot, thought, song, rhythm, and diction influence audience’s katharsis in the work Definition: ►Moralism is most useful when considering themes of works. It doesn’t view literature as an “art” apart from moral implications.

16. Approach Moralist Critical Questions What enduring truth is revealed in the theme of this work? How are the actions of the protagonist rewarded, and the actions of the antagonist punished? What is the relationship of each part of the work to the work as a whole? How are the parts related to one another?

17. Approach Moralist Examples (Analysis from “The Necklace”) Good morals: Mathilde took responsibility over replacing the lost jewelry. Mathilde became a stronger woman after all her struggles, as consequences on losing the necklace. Mr. Loisel provided money so Mathilde will be able to buy a new dress, even though he is saving it for himself. Symbolism: The elegant ball dress symbolizes the wealthy lifestyle Mathilde is dreaming of; in contrast to, the modest clothes she wears in ordinary life.

18. Approach Marxist Proponent/s: Karl Marx - postulates that the struggle between social classes (the bourgeoisie or capitalists and the proletariat or workers) defines the economic relations in a capitalist economy and will inevitably lead to revolutionary communism. Definition: Marxism focuses on how power, money, and politics play its role in literary texts and literary societies.

19. Approach Marxist Critical Questions Who are powerful in the text and who are powerless? What is the economic status of the characters? What happens to them because of this status? How do they fare against economic and political odds? What other conditions stemming from their class does the writer emphasize? (e.g., poor education, poor nutrition, poor health care, inadequate opportunity) To what extent does the work fail by overlooking the economic, social and political implications of its material? In what other ways does economic determinism affect the work? How should readers consider the story in today’s modern economic setting (nationally, globally, etc.)

20. Approach Marxist Examples (Analysis from “The Necklace”) Mathilde believes that wealth may give her satisfaction in life. She also believed it was an ill-fate for her being born to a family of clerk despite her beauty. Mathilde worries she will be humiliated by looking poor among other women who are rich.

21. Approach Structuralist/Formalist summary of events Provide a brief overview of the chapter’s content Summarise the main events and developments that occur in the chapter. literary devices Identify some prominent literary devices used in the chapter, such as symbolism, imagery, foreshadowing, or irony. Provide examples and analyse how they enhance the reader's understanding of the text. purpose and audience response Reflect on the chapter’s significance in the novel and how it contributes to the storyline overall. Consider how the reader is positioned to respond to the characters and events in this chapter (either emotionally or intellectually) setting and mood Describe the setting/s in which the chapter takes place Consider how it contributes to the mood, atmosphere, or tone of the chapter Consider how it reflects or influences the actions of the characters themes and ideas Identify and discuss any themes or ideas that are prominent in the chapter. Explain how these themes or ideas contribute to the overall meaning or message of the novel. Provide evidence from the chapter to support your analysis. character analysis Focus on the development of one or more characters in the chapter. Discuss how the character/s respond to events, interact with others or undergo changes in their beliefs or motivations. Analyse any internal conflicts or external challenges they face. Provide evidence