LITERARY-ARTS contemporary philartsfrom the regions

Literary art

1. LITERARY ARTS

2. LITERATURE The collected ORAL and WRITTEN works of a society that reflects the people’s beliefs, values, mores, and aspirations as well as their struggles in life. Today, the word LITERATURE often refers to the written works – stories, poems, and essays – which, in earlier times was developed from ORAL traditions such as MYTHS and LEGENDS . Oral literature is now called ORATURE by critics.

3. WHAT IS WORLD LITERATURE? A literary work that has READERSHIP and IMPACT beyond its original language and cultural area. Examples include the Bible and the plays of William Shakespeare, both of which have been translated into more than a hundred languages and are being read or performed in almost every continent.

4. THE FIVE LITERARY GENRES: Short Story Novel Drama or Play Essay Poetry These five genres are classified under two general types of literature – PROSE and POETRY.

5. PROSE – literary works in the form of sentences and paragraphs. It has two kinds: FICTION and NON-FICTION . FICTION – are prose narratives containing setting, characters, plot, conflict, climax, and resolution based on the author’s CREATIVE IMAGINATION . Under fiction are the short story, novel, and drama. NON-FICTION – refers to prose literature based on FACTS, REASON, and LOGIC. The essay is the most common form of non-fiction.

6. SHORT STORY A brief narrative that concentrates on one situation and involves two or three main characters. ELEMENTS OF A SHORT STORY: Setting – the time and place of the story. Atmosphere – the prevailing mood of the story; it can be humorous, gothic, romantic, etc.

7. Characters – persons involved in the story. FABLES have animals as the characters in the story. Characters may be: ROUND/THREE-DIMENSIONAL – undergoes change FLAT/ONE-DIMENSIONAL – remains the same throughout the story CENTRAL/PIVOTAL – around whom the story revolves, or SUPPORTIVE/SATELLITE – circulating in the central character’s orbit, providing a supportive role

8. Plot – the significant order of events. It has the following basic elements: EXPOSITION – the setting and characters are introduced as well as other essential information necessary for the development of the plot. RISING ACTION – the unraveling of the conflict/s CLIMAX – the story’s most decisive crisis, the highest point or the surprising turn of events. FALLING ACTION – events leading to the resolution, a relief from the climax. DENOUEMENT – the final resolution, untying of the plot, indicating the end of the story.

9. Theme – the underlying message. It is the author’s statement of purpose, philosophy, or an attitude toward life. Point of View – the perspective or the position from which the story is presented, the one who tells the story. It is also known as the narrative technique. It may be in the first person or the third person. Style – refers to the way the writer chooses words; the verbal identity of the author. Symbolism – pertains to the use of an object to stand for or represent a person, thing, or an idea.

10. NOVEL An extended narrative that includes more characters and a more complicated plot. TYPES OF NOVELS: MYSTERY – events are not explained until the plot or conflict is resolved. E.g. Sherlock Holmes by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle EPISTOLARY – told in a series of letters. E.g. Daddy Long Legs by Jean Webster, Perks of Being a Wallflower by Stephen Chbosky

11. ADVENTURE – emphasis on the set of adventures by the main character. E.g. Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain PSYCHOLOGICAL – emphasizes the mental and emotional responses of its characters designed to affect the readers psychologically. E.g. Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger GOTHIC – has elements of horror and the supernatural. E.g. Dracula by Bram Stoker, Frankenstein by Mary Shelley HISTORICAL – the setting and some of the events are drawn from history. E.g. Memoirs of a Geisha by Arthur Golden

12. SCIENCE-FICTION – deals with the imaginary results of scientific or technological developments. E.g. Jurassic Park by Michael Crichton, Star Wars by various authors FANTASY – employ motifs, themes and approaches of fantasy; usually involves magic, beasts, and different worlds only existing in the author’s mind. E.g. Harry Potter by J.K. Rowling, Lord of the Rings by J.R.R. Tolkien

13. DRAMA A literary work intended to be presented on stage in the form of dialogues, to portray life or character or to tell a story. The word drama comes from the Greek verb which means “to do” or “act” ELEMENTS OF DRAMA: PLOT – sequence of events in the story CHARACTERS – people involved in the story

14. DIALOGUE – the words spoken by the characters. It is essential in advancing the plot, establishing the setting and revealing character. STAGING – also known as spectacle or the over-all look of the theatre on stage, this refers to the visual details of a drama or play such as make-up, costumes, lighting, sound effects, gestures, blocking, scenic backgrounds and props. THEME – the central message, meaning and significance of the play which is derived from the other four elements.

15. ESSAY a short non-fiction, non-imaginary work about a subject. It has three main parts: the introduction, body and conclusion. Introduction / Beginning The opening part of the write up that shows the topic sentence of the essay or the thesis statement. 

16. Body / Middle Explain, illustrate, discuss, or provide evidence to support the main idea (thesis or claim) of the essay. Ending / Conclusion Recapitulation of the ideas in the whole essay which brings it to a logical end.

17. POETRY – writing in a language chosen and arranged to create specific emotional effect and is written in the form of lines and stanzas. There are three basic types of poem: NARRATIVE – a lengthy poem containing a story, the most common example is an EPIC, a narrative poem that tells the adventures of heroes and their heroic deeds such as The Epic of Gilgamesh and the Mahabharata. LYRIC – a shorter poem that deals with strong emotions and the appreciation of beauty. DRAMATIC – one in which the poet expresses not his own individual emotion but that of some other person.

18. ELEMENTS OF POETRY VOICE – the persona or speaker in the poem. A poet can either use his own voice or use an imaginary voice and act as an imaginary speaker. DICTION – refers to the author’s choice of words, the linguistic style of poetry which can involve the vocabulary, metaphor, simile, personification, etc. The way of expressing oneself.

19. IMAGERY – the vivid mental pictures that the readers create through the words used in the poem. Imagery in poetry need not only visual but could be any of the five senses (sight, hearing, touch, taste, smell) He wears too much aftershave. (Smell) His lips taste sweet like ripe fruit (Taste) He has a high-pitched laugh (Sound) His hair feels wiry (Touch) A greasy stove (Touch)

20. FIGURES OF SPEECH – a literary device used to represent something in a nonliteral manner such as simile, metaphor, personification, hyperbole, irony, etc. Simile – a comparison of two objects with the use of “as” “like” or “than”. E.g. O my Luve is like a red, red rose That’s newly sprung in June O my Luve is like the melody That’s sweetly played in tune. “A Red, Red Rose” by Robert Burns

21. Metaphor – a comparison that is made directly without the use of “as” “like” or “than”. E.g. The snow is a white blanket. The classroom was a zoo. Life is a rollercoaster. Irony – implies a distance between what is said and what is meant. It is a difference between the appearance and reality. E.g. A man looked out of the window to see the storm intensify. He turned to his friend and said, “Wonderful weather we’re having!”

22. Hyperbole – uses extreme exaggeration to make a point or show emphasis. It is perfect to use in creative writing to add color to your work. E.g. I’ll love you dear, I’ll love you Till China and Africa meet, And the river jumps over the mountain And the salmon sing in the street, I’ll love you till the ocean Is folded and hung up to dry. “As I Walked One Evening” by W.H. Auden

23. Personification – a thing, an idea or an animal is given human attributes or qualities. These non-living objects are portrayed in such a way that we feel they have the ability to act like human beings. E.g. The sky weeps while the fire swallowed the entire forest. The flowers danced in the gentle breeze. The wind whispered through dry grass. Look at my car, she is a beauty, isn’t she?

24. SYMBOLISM – objects in the poem that are meant to represent abstract concepts, like a rose symbolizes love THEME – the underlying message or philosophy of the poem, there may be one theme in some poems, the overall meaning and significance STRUCTURE – the form, how a poem appears. Poems can be: Closed Form – also known as the fixed form, follows a pattern of lines, meters, rhyme schemes, stanzas. Open Form – also known as free-form, does not follow a certain pattern, does not have rhyme or a certain number of feet per line.

25. SOUND – the rhyme or the matching of the final vowel and constant sounds in two or more words TYPES OF RHYME Perfect Rhyme – occurs when differing consonant sounds are followed by identical stressed vowel sounds. E.g. FOE – TOE Half-Rhyme – only the final consonant sounds are identical E.g. SOUL – OIL , MIRTH – FOURTH

26. Rime Riche – words that sound exactly the same but have different spellings and meanings. E.g. NIGHT – KNIGHT Eye-Rhyme – appears to be a rhyme but does not actually rhyme E.g. COUGH – BOUGH

27. E.g. A word is dead When it is said , Some say. I say it just Begins to live That day. There once was a man who wasn’t very smart , For instance, he once tried to drive a shopping cart. End Rhyme – corresponding sounds occur at the end of the lines. The rhyming words are placed at the end of two consecutive sentences.

28. Internal Rhyme – corresponding lines occur within lines, which means two or more rhyming words appear in the same line. E.g. I went to town , to buy a gown . I took a car , it wasn’t far . Internal Rhymes could also be in the middle of two consecutive sentences. E.g. I hear the seas calling my name, the birds and bees beckoning me. It could also be an ending word rhyming with a word in the middle of the next line. E.g. I once went to a soccer arena The teams were Argentina and Spain

29. Contemporary Poems in Philippine Literature

30. “Sa bawat hakbang , ako’y nilalayuan , Dahil sa ugaling di maipagtanggol man. Pilit baguhin , ngunit ‘di sapat , Sakit ng pag-iisa , puso’y sugat .”

31. In Filipino, we say: “Sa tamang panahon darating yun .”

32. In Panulaan , we say:

33. In Filipino, we say: “Sorry na , please?”

34. Patawad sa aking maling nagawa , Sa sakit na dulot ng aking salita . Hindi ko nais na ika’y lumuha , Ngunit nagkulang ako sa pagpapahalaga . Patawad sa aking pagkukulang , Sa pusong nagdusa at nahirapan . Hindi ko hangad na ika’y masaktan , Ngunit nagkamali’t di napigilan . Kung maibabalik ang lumipas na oras Ang iyong tiwala’y hindi masasayang . Sa bawat sandali , ako’y magsisikap , Upang ang sugat ay mabigyan ng lapat . Tanggapin mo sana ang aking pagsamo , Na sa puso mo ako’y mabigyan ng puwesto . Pagkat ang pagsisisi ko’y wagas at totoo , dahil nais kong makabangon muli tayo.

35. ACTIVITY Write a 2 – stanza poem for each topic provided. Use the different elements and principles in writing poetry such as the use of figure of speech and imagery, patterns, and rhyme. Write these poems in either English or Filipino or mixed.

36. ACTIVITY “Bakit kasi di na lang ako ?” “ Nakakaane ka!” (in a funny way ) “ ikaw lang, peksman mamatay man!”

37. 3-2-1 Sharing 3 things they remember about the previous lesson, 2 things that made an impression to them 1 thing that still confuses them.

38. Objectives: At the end of this lesson, you should be able to: Identify and analyze some of the elements and meanings in/of poetry P resent to the class your own composition of your poem.

39. Guide questions: What are the causes of this emerging culture in our society? 2. How can we lessen, if not eliminate this kind of culture?

40. (Lyric) Poem reading “ Sining ” Dionela

41. A flower is not a flower until they bloom Like my first time living life the day I met you Hate to think that humans have to die someday A thousand years won't do No wonder I fell in love Even though I'm scared to love Baby I know the pain is unbearable There's no way Pinsala'y ikinamada Oh binibining may salamangka You've turned my limbics into a bouquet

42. Ikaw ay tila sining sa museong 'di naluluma Binibini kong ginto hanggang kaluluwa Gonna keep you like the nu couché All my life At kung sa tingin mo na ang oras mo'y lumipas na Ako'y patuloy na mararahuyo sa ganda I'd still kiss you every single day All my life

43. If I could paint a perfect picture Of the girl of my dreams with a curvy figure Voice of an angel like a symphony No doubt she's a masterpiece No matter the color you're beautiful You're one of a kind like a miracle Hindi ka papanaw hanggang huling araw Maging kabilang buhay ikaw ay ikaw

44. Vocabulary Ikinamada - is an Ilocano word that means "to arrange," "to organize," or "to put together" Limbics -  brain system that is largely responsible for regulating emotions. Salamangka – magic Nu couche - is a French phrase that means "naked and lying down on a bed" (Amedeo Modigliani, painter, 1917) e. Mararahuyo - "to be attracted or enchanted"

45. How much did Dionela earn in the last quarter of 2024? = $4, 000 / 1 million stream ( Php 231,390.00/ 1 million streams) = 56,905,536 streams = ???? = $224, 000 ( Php 12,955,936.00) = $5,000 / 1 million views ( Php 289,119.95 / 1 million views)   = 11,220,086 million views = ?????? = $55,000.00 ( Php 3,180,319.49)

46. “ Sining ” by Dionela

47. Bolero Rap Battle

48. Performance – 30% Content – 50% Creativity – 10% Crowd reaction – 10%   Note: Rules of the Game No body contact No dissing No sarcasm No talking when it’s the opponents turn