Literary Forms Based on Historical Period.pptx

A presentation on literary forms.

1. OUTLINE OF LITERARY FORMS BASED ON PHILIPPINE HISTORICAL PERIOD

2. ANCIENT LITERATURE/FOLK LITERATURE Myth – a traditional story in prose concerning details of gods and demigods and the creation of the world and its inhabitants. Examples: Visayan Creation Myth Bagobo Creation Story Tungkung Langit and Alunsina

3. Heroic Narratives or Epics Folk epics which narrate the adventures of tribal heroes which embody in themselves the ideals and values of the group. Examples: Lam- Ang Ulalim Ibalon Indarapatra at Sulayman

4. Ethnological Legends Legends which explain how things came to be, why things are as they are. Legend of the Mayon Volcano Legend of the Tagalogs Gaddang

5. Folk Tales Prose narrative regarded as: Animal Tale- a folktale using animals as characters Monkey and the Turtle The Cow and the Carabao Folk Speech – simplest form of oral literature 1. Riddles – description of object in terms intended and suggest something entirely different.

6. Example: Tumakbo si Juan, nahati ang daan. (zipper) 2. Proverbs – short popular sayings that expresses effectively some commonplace truth or useful thought. Example: Ang hindi lumingon sa pinanggaling an , hindi nakararating sa paroroonan.

7. c. Folk Songs- verse set into music by the members of the community. Example: Manang Biday Dandansoy

8. POETRY Refers to those expressions in verse, with measure and rhyme, line and stanza, and has a more melodious tone. Poems are forms of literature usually written in lines or verses that makes up a stanza. Poems are designed to be read aloud. The recitation of the poem reveals its rhythm, and thought units that help out the meaning it wishes to convey.

9. Elements of Poetry Sense – it is revealed through the words, images, and symbols. diction – the denotative and connotative meanings of the words. Images and sense impressions- the words used that appeal to the sense of sight, smell, hearing, taste and touch. Figures of speech- the creative use of words or expressions that poet uses to enhance the sense impression.

10. 2. Sound This is the result of the creative combination of words. The poet may resort to the use of anaphora, alliteration, assonance, rhyme, and repetition. Rhythm- the ordered alternation of strong and weak elements in the flow of sound and silence. Meter- the duration, stress number and syllables per line. Rhyme Scheme- the formal arrangement of rhymes in a stanza or in the whole poem.

11. 3. Structure This refers to the arrangement of words and lines to fit together and the organization of the parts to form the whole. Word order- the natural or unnatural arrangement of words. Ellipsis- omitting some words for economy or effect. Punctuation- abundance or lack of punctuation. Shape- contextual or visual design, omission of spaces, use of capitalization or lower case.

12. TYPES OF POETRY NARRATIVE POETRY LYRIC POETRY DRAMATIC POETRY

13. NARRATIVE POETRY This form describes the important events in life either real or imaginary. There are different varieties: 1. Epic – This is an extended narrative about heroic exploits often under supernatural control. It may deal with heroes and gods.

14. 2. Metrical tale- This is a narrative which is written and told in verse. EXAMPLE: BAYANI NG BUKID Al Perez Ako’y magsasakang bayani ng bukid Sandata’y araro matapang sa init Hindi natatakot kahit na sa lamig Sa buong maghapon gumagawa ng pilit.

15. Ang kaibigan ko ay si Kalakian Laging nakahanda maging araw- araw Sa pag-aararo at sa paglilinang Upang maihanda ang lupang mayaman. Ang haring araw di dapat sumisikat Ako’y pupunta na sa napakalawak Na aking bukiring laging nasa hagap At tanging pag-asa ng taong masipag.

16. Sa aking lupain doon nagmumula Lahat ng pagkain nitong ating bansa Ang lahat ng tao, mayaman o dukha Sila’y umaasa sa pawis ko’t gawa. Sa aking paggawa ang tangi kong hangad And ani’y dumami na para sa lahat Kapag ang balana’y may pagkaing tiyak Umaasa akong puso’y nagagalak.

17. 2. Ballads- of the narrative poems, this is considered the shortest and the simplest. It has a simple structure and narrate a single incident.

18. LYRIC POETRY Originally, this refers to the kind of poetry meant to be sung to the accompaniment of a lyre, but now this applies to any type of poetry that expresses emotions and feelings of the poet. They are usually short, simple and easy to understand. It expresses the author’s mood, emotion, and reflection in musical language. It derives its name from the lyre, and was primarily intended to be sung. Not all lyrics are singable, but they are melodious.

19. 1. Folksongs (Awiting Bayan) These are short poems, intended to be sung. The common theme is love, despair, grief, doubt, joy, hope, and sorrow.

20. CHIT-CHIRIT- CHIT Chitchiritchit alibangbang Salaginto salagubang Ang babae sa lansangan Kung gumiri’y parang tandang Santo Nino sa Pandacan Puto seko sa tindahan Kung ayaw kang magpautang Uubusin ka ng langgam.

21. Mama, mama, namamangka Pasakayin yaring bata Pagdating sa Maynila Ipagpalit ng manika. Ale, ale, namamayong Pasukubin yaring sanggol Pagdating sa Malabon Ipagpalit ng Bagoong.

22. CHIT-CHIRIT- CHIT (English) Chit- Chirit-Chit, Alibangbang Gold bug and the beetle The street woman Struts like a rooster. Child saint of Pandacan Puto seco in the store If you don’t want to lend You’ll be devoured by ants.

23. Sir, sir, paddling the canoe Give this child a ride When you reach Manila Swap it with a doll. Lady, lady, with the umbrella Shade this infant When you reach Malabon Swap it with Bagoong.

24. Sonnets This is a lyric poem of 14 lines dealing with an emotion, feeling, or an idea. There are two types of sonnet: Shakespearean and Petrarchan (Italian). EXAMPLE:

25. SANTANG BUDS by Alfonso P. Santos Let me see in dreams the santang buds That in my absence blossom still beside My window, Crimson buds, like crimson pearls Ever faithfulness they bloom, unchanged, Unfailing like the memories of home, Now is the time, the season of their blooming, An hour less, an hour more, yet stays Their crimson evermore unchanged, untouched

26. Let me but see in dreams the santang buds That in my absence blooms, in faith for one Heart lost in foreign lands, fated to share No love, no fortune from the world but born To suffer want and misery, decreed To live unknown, in penitence and need.

27. ELEGY This is a lyric poem which expresses the feelings and griefs and melancholy, and whose theme is death. It may voiced the author’s personal grief for a loved one, or a loss affecting the public as a whole, or it may be just a meditation about death in general.

28. THE LOVER’S DEATH Ricardo Demetillo He who had lived the earth with a firm love Is now, being infirm, laid in the earth That covers him with green grass quietly, Once when he walked the fields, he suddenly knelt And with an avid gesture clasped the earth. His sun-lit fingers sift the dust.

29. Lovers would write their incoherent view, On passionate pages, but he, on the pads of meadow, Wrote with his plow a tongue- tied love. Field understood, for when the harvest ripened, Fruits lay like a brown breast for his hands to pluck, And he with the lightness, touch each pregnant stalk His house was quiet, like the man who closed

30. The gate- behind him when the lamplight glowed He knew no woman’s touch except the earth’s We thought it fitting that the sun should touch With quite fingers the rice-fronds in the field When he, after a fever, gave himself to dusk. We could not salvage breath, but we could swathe His body and lay it in the earth he loved He may return and beckon from a sheaf.

31. ODE This is a poem of a noble feeling, expressed with dignity, with no definite number of syllables or definite number of lines. It is the most majestic type of lyric poem. It expresses enthusiasm, lofty praise of some person, thing, a deep reflection, or a restrained feeling. The author is in an exalted mood.

32. PSALMS (DALIT) This is a song praising God or the Virgin Mary and containing philosophy of life. EXAMPLE: O Mariang sakdal dilag Dalagang lubhang mapalad Tanging pinili sa lahat Ng Diyos Haring Mataas

33. Itong bulaklak na alay Aming pagsintang tunay Palitan mo Birheng Mahal Ng Tuwa sa kalangitan. Halina’t tayo ay mag- alay Ng bulaklak kay Maria Halina’t magsilapit Dine sa birheng marikit Ng Inang kaibig- ibig

34. Dakilang Reyna sa langit Ng ampuni’t saklolohan Tayong mga anak niya.

35. AWIT These have measures of twelve syllables (dodecasyllabic) and slowly sung to the accompaniment of a guitar or banduria. An example of awit is FLORANTE AT LAURA by Francisco Balagtas. It is a fabrication of the writers imagination although the characters and setting may be European.

36. EXAMPLE IN FRANCISCO BALTAZAR’S FLORANTE AT LAURA: Ang taong magawi sa ligaya’t aliw, Mahina ang puso, lubhang maramdamin, Inaakala pa lamang ang hilahil Na daratna’y di na matutuhang bathin

37. CORRIDO (KURIDOS) These have measures of eight syllables (octosyllabic) and recited to a martial beat. They were widely read during the Spanish period that field the populace’s need for entertainment as well as edifying reading matter in their leisure moment. Deal mostly with courtly love and the chivalric adventures of such heroes as Charlemagne and his peers and El Cid.

38. Example from “Ibong Adarna” O birheng kaibig- ibig Ina naming nasa langit, Liwanagin yaring isip Nang sa layo’y di malihis. Ganito ang napagsapit Ng haring kaibig- ibig Nang siya’y managinip Isang gabing naiidlip Di- umano’y si Don Juan Bunso niyang minamahal Ay nililo at pinatay Ng dalawang tampalasan May isang ibong maganda Ang pangalan ay Adarna, Pag naririnig mong kumanta Sa sakit ay giginhawa.

39. DRAMATIC POETRY Included in this form are: Comedy, Melodrama, Tragedy, Farce, and Social Poems. 1. Comedy – The word comedy comes from the Greek word “Komos” meaning festivity or revelry. This form is usually light and written with the purpose of amusing, and usually has a happy ending.

40. Melodrama- This is usually used in a musical plays with the opera. Today, this is related to tragedy just as the farce is to comedy. It arouses immediate and intense emotion and is usually sad but there is a happy ending for the principal character. Tragedy – This involves the hero struggling mightily against dynamic forces; he meets death or ruin without success and satisfaction obtained by the protagonist in a comedy.

41. Farce- This is an exaggerated comedy. It seeks to arouse mirth by laughable lines, situation are too ridiculous to be true; the characters seem to be caricatures and the motives undignified and absurd. Social poems- this form is either purely comic or tragic as it pictures the life of today. It may aim to bring about changes in the social conditions.

42. REVOLT FROM HYMEN Angela Manalang Gloria (1940 ) O to be free at last, to sleep at last As infants sleep within the womb of rest! To stir and stirring find no blackness vast With passion weighted down upon the breast,

43. To turn the face this way and that and feel No kisses festering on it like sores, To be alone at last, broken the seal That marks the flesh no better than a whore's.

44. RELIGIOUS DRAMAS

45. PANUNULUYAN Literally, seeking entrance, the Tagalog version of the Mexican Posadas. Held on the eve of Christmas, it dramatizes Joseph’s and Mary’s search for lodging in Bethlehem. Is also called Pananapatan or Panawagan . Gagharong or Paharongharong in Bicol.

46. CENACULO Was originally just the dramatization of the passion and death of Jesus Christ presented during Maundy Thursday and Good Friday. The players either speak their lines in a slow and deliberate way, ( hablada ); or chant their lines in the manner of pasyon singing ( cantada).

47. SALUBONG An Easter play that dramatizes the meeting of the risen Christ and his mother.

48. THE MORIONES Refers to the participants dressed as Roman soldiers, their identities hidden behind the colorful, sometimes grotesque, wooden mask. The Pugutan or beheading climaxes the Moriones festival. The headless body is then taken in procession around the town by his fellow soldier and then buried.

49. THE TIBAG Also known as Santacruzan. It is performed during the month of May which have a devotion to the Holy Cross. It depicts St. Elena’s search for the cross on which Christ died. The Tagalog name TIBAG comes from the act of excavating or leveling the mounds.

50. THE PANGANGALUWA An interesting socio- religious practice on All Saint’s Day which literally means “for the Soul” The practice is based on the old belief that the souls in the purgatory are “released” on the night of All Saint’s Day to go begging alms on earth. These were generally held during the nine nights of vigil and prayers after someone’s death, or the first death anniversary when the family members put away their mourning clothes.

51. THE KARAGATAN “Open Sea”, comes from the legendary practice of testing the mettle of young men vying for a maiden’s hand. The maiden’s ring would be dropped into the sea and whoever retrieves it would have the girl’s hand in marriage.

52. THE DUPLO A forerunner of the balagtasan. The performers consist of two teams: one composed of young women called Dupleras or Belyakas; and the other, of young men called Dupleros or Belyakos. An elderly man- the Hari or Punong Halaman- presides over the proceedings.

53. THE COMEDIA One of the earliest forms of stage drama which took on a particular aspect; that of a particular play which had for its main theme courtly love, usually between a prince and a princess of different religions – one a Christian, the other a Muslim. These conflicts were resolved in the end, with the victory of the Christians, a propaganda tool which was endorsed by the friars.