Literature_of_the_World_khadicha_samatova.pptx

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1. Literature of the World Prepared by: [Your Name] Subject: Methods of Teaching Specialty Subjects in Higher Education Namangan State University

2. Introduction Literature is the artistic expression of human thought, emotion, and imagination. It reflects culture, history, and the human experience across the world.

3. Main Types of Literature • Prose – Novels, short stories, essays • Poetry – Verses, epics, sonnets • Drama – Plays, tragedies, comedies • Folklore – Legends, myths, tales

4. Ancient Literature • Mesopotamian: The Epic of Gilgamesh • Egyptian: Book of the Dead • Indian: Vedas, Mahabharata • Chinese: Confucian Analects • Greek: Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey

5. Greek and Roman Influence • Greek tragedy and comedy shaped Western drama • Homer, Sophocles, Euripides, and Aristophanes • Roman authors: Virgil, Ovid, Horace

6. Medieval Literature • Dante’s Divine Comedy • Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales • Persian and Arabic classics: Rumi, Ferdowsi, Al-Mutanabbi

7. Renaissance Period • Rebirth of learning and humanism • William Shakespeare (England) • Miguel de Cervantes (Spain) • François Rabelais (France)

8. 18th–19th Century Literature • Enlightenment and Romanticism • Realism and Naturalism • Famous authors: Goethe, Victor Hugo, Charles Dickens, Jane Austen

9. Russian and European Classics • Leo Tolstoy – War and Peace • Fyodor Dostoevsky – Crime and Punishment • Charles Dickens – Great Expectations • Victor Hugo – Les Misérables

10. American Literature • Mark Twain – Adventures of Huckleberry Finn • Ernest Hemingway – The Old Man and the Sea • F. Scott Fitzgerald – The Great Gatsby

11. Asian Literature • Rabindranath Tagore – Gitanjali • Haruki Murakami – Kafka on the Shore • Kenzaburō Ōe – Nobel laureate from Japan

12. African Literature • Chinua Achebe – Things Fall Apart • Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o – Decolonising the Mind • Nadine Gordimer – July’s People

13. Modern and Postmodern Literature • George Orwell – 1984 • Franz Kafka – The Metamorphosis • Gabriel García Márquez – One Hundred Years of Solitude

14. World Literature Today • Globalization and translation of works • Literature in the digital age • Influence of cinema and online publishing

15. Conclusion World literature connects people across cultures. It promotes empathy, understanding, and global awareness. “Literature is the mirror of society.”