LMG-SCM-2023-Chapter Three-FInal-.pptx j

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1. CHAPTER 3 LEADERSHIP IN HEALTH SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

2. Overview of Leadership: Meaning of Leadership Leadership is the influencing process between leaders and followers to achieve organizational objectives through change . Leadership is a trait, skill, behaviour, ability and relationship of a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal

3. Overview of Leadership: Management and Leadership Managing and leading are two complementary qualities that are linked to each other . However, management and leadership also have differences:   Leaders inspire and motivate, whereas managers plan, organize, and coordinate .

4. Overview of Leadership: Theory of leadership

5. Overview of Leadership: Theory of leadership 1) Early Theories : a) Great Man Theory Leaders are born with just the right traits and abilities for leading – charisma, intellect, confidence, communication skills, and social skills. Leaders are exceptional people, born with innate qualities, destined to lead Leaders are born, not made Great man approach emphasises “charismatic” leadership, charisma being the Greek word for gift. The theory suggests that the ability to lead is inherent – that the best leaders are born, not made. It defines leaders as valiant, mythic, and ordained to rise to leadership when the situation arises.

6. Overview of Leadership: Theory of leadership 1) Early Theories : b) Trait Theory It attempts to identify specific characteristics ( physical ability, personality) associated with leadership success. Traits are characteristics of the person: Physical characteristics (height, weight, appearance, health, etc.) Abilities (intelligence, creativity, knowledge, technical competence etc.). Personality traits (self-confidence, dominance, adaptable, extroversion/ sociability, originality, etc.).

7. Overview of Leadership: Theory of leadership 2) Situational/contingency Leadership theory The Contingency Theory : It emphasizes different variables in a specific setting that determine the style of leadership best suited for the said situation. It is founded on the principle that no one leadership style is applicable to all situations.

8. Overview of Leadership: Theory of leadership 2) Situational/contingency Leadership theory Situational Theory : It is similar to the Contingency Theory and it mainly emphasizes on leaders to always correspond their leadership to the respective situation by assessing certain variables such as the type of task, nature of followers, and more.

9. Overview of Leadership: Theory of leadership 3) Behavioural Theories The theory suggests that effective leadership is the result of many learned skills rather than their traits or characteristics . Individuals need three primary skills to lead their followers – technical, human, and conceptual skills.

10. Overview of Leadership: Leadership styles (1) The style of leadership is the manner a leader uses to influence his/her followers. There are many styles of leadership, and the outcomes of the organization can be influenced by the leadership.

11. Overview of Leadership: Leadership styles (2) Leadership styles can be classified into: Autocratic Leadership style, Bureaucratic Leadership style, Democratic Leadership style and laissez-faire Leadership style . Contemporary views on Leadership : transactional Leadership style and transformational leadership styles. charismatic Leadership style and Servant leadership Leadership style .

12. Overview of Leadership: Leadership styles (3) Autocratic leadership style It is also referred to as authoritarian leadership . Is considered as the core of the classical management approach. Leader reserves the decision making power, and comes to decisions without considering employees’ ideas. Rewards, punishments and coercion are the tools for motivating employees in this leadership style. Less value for employees’ creativity in this style This leadership is also considered as an extreme variant of transactional leadership

13. Overview of Leadership: Leadership styles (4) Bureaucratic leadership style It differs slightly from the autocratic leadership style. The leader expects the things to happen according to a predetermined manner, and adherence to policies, rules and standards are greatly valued . One notable thing that can be seen in the bureaucratic leadership style is that the leader also follows the already laid down rules in a strict manner. Effective in large organizations or government agencies and it may be less effective in dynamic or fast-paced environments that demand flexibility and adaptability

14. Overview of Leadership: Leadership styles (5) Democratic leadership style Also known as the participatory leadership style because of the involvement of the employees for the purpose of gathering opinions in the decision making process though the final decision is made by the leader. The employees are readily motivated and satisfied with their work environment. Creativity is admired and the environment is made favorable to employees’ growth. This leadership style is said to be successful in the presence of matured and skilled employees

15. Overview of Leadership: Leadership styles Laissez-fair leadership style Considered to be the most passive form of leadership styles. In this style, the leader avert responsibilities and does not involve in decision making

16. Overview of Leadership: Leadership styles C ontemporary views on Leadership styles: Transformational Leadership Transactional Leadership Charismatic Leadership Servant leadership

17. Overview of Leadership: Leadership styles Transformational leadership style: E ncourages and inspires employees to innovate and develop new ways to grow and improve the path to a company's future success.

18. Overview of Leadership: Leadership styles Transactional leadership style There are transactions of rewards and targets between the leader and the followers in the transactional leadership style. The leader rewards the followers for the targets achieved by them. Transactional leadership uses structure and clear guidance to determine and communicate an employee's performance requirements. It also employs a system of rewards and punishments, depending on the results.

19. Overview of Leadership: Leadership styles Charismatic leadership style Charismatic leadership style uses verbal and nonverbal communication to charm, influence, and persuade others to help them fulfill their mandate or see things as they do. Charismatic leadership style makes those around them believe that they can achieve any goal or milestone, even in the face of adversity.

20. Overview of Leadership : Leadership styles Servant leadership Servant Leadership represents a philosophy in which leaders focus on increased service to others rather than to oneself. The servant-leader  shares power, puts the needs of others first , and helps people develop and perform as highly as possible. Leaders with this style serve their team and organization first. Employees in a servant leadership environment are more likely to feel that their voices are heard.

21. Leading Change Management in HSCM Change management is a systematic approach to dealing with the transition or transformation of an organization's goals, processes or technologies. The purpose of change management is to implement strategie s for effecting change, controlling change and helping people to adapt to change. Change management in supply chain is the process of identifying, planning, implementing, and evaluating changes within a supply chain in order to improve efficiency, reduce costs, and increase overall effectiveness. Strong leadership can significantly boost the performance and outcomes of an organizational change project.

22. Leading Change Management in HSCM Key responsibilities of change management leaders : Create a compelling vision of change Craft a story that articulates that vision for employees Enlist a corps of volunteer supporters Embody the change and be persistent Engage and collaborate closely with change teams at all levels

23. Leadership skills in HSCM Leaders to execute their role in securing effective and efficient health supply chain management require number of skills :   System thinking, Communication skill Conflict Management and problem solving skill Team building skill HSC Coordination skill (Networking, coordination, cooperation and, collaboration) Decision making and priority setting skill HSC Risk management skill

24. Leadership skills in HSCM : System thinking

25. Leadership skills in HSCM : System thinking: Malaria Outbreak Outbreak of malaria Spray pesticide   Killed malaria-carrying bugs & also killed wasps which control a worm population Worms ate through the thatch roofs, many of which collapsed Pesticides Ingested by other insects food for local lizards   Lizards are food for local cats Cats died off from pesticide poisoning Rat population to explode Resulted to health outbreak /Infestation Taking one action on a single matter may solve the problem but it creates multiple problems unless system thinking is considered.

26. Leadership skills in HSCM :Communication Skill Communication is a process by which information is exchanged between individuals or organizations with the goal of: Persuading Informing Moving into action Communication may occur formally or informally

27. Leadership skills in HSCM :Communication Skill

28. Leadership skills in HSCM : Directions of Communication BOD: Board of Directors GM: General Manager    

29. Leadership skills in HSCM :Conflict management skill

30. Networking, Coordinating, Cooperating & Collaborating Networking: E xchange of information for mutual benefit Coordinating: Exchange of information and altering activities Cooperating: Sharing information , altering activities, and sharing resources Collaboration: Sharing information , altering activities , sharing resources and enhancing the capacity

31. Decision-making: Types

32. Overview of Leadership : Decision-making Decision-making is the process of making choices by identifying a decision, gathering information, and assessing alternative resolutions.

33. Problem-Solving Policing: The SARA Model

34. The role of Leadership in HSCM The importance of Leadership in Health SC: Improves Quality of Care Creates Adaptable Leaders and produces innovative health care leaders Encourages Forward-Thinking Mentoring health supply chain professionals and empowerment of followers and subordinates . Building confidence of followers in taking calculated risks, Exercising delegation health facility leaders for SCM activities, Initiating sustainable SCM practices, demonstrating commitment and ownership Sound performance management results

35. Thank You