LOCAL MEDICINAL PLANTS FOUND IN SIKKIM HIMALAYA
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About This Presentation
Local Medicinal Plants of Sikkim Himalaya
Slide Content
Local Herbal Local Herbal
MedicinesMedicines
Prepared byPrepared by
Mr. Sonam Bhutia, Asst. ProfessorMr. Sonam Bhutia, Asst. Professor
Department of PharmacognosyDepartment of Pharmacognosy
Government Pharmacy College SajongGovernment Pharmacy College Sajong
Government of Sikkim (GoS)Government of Sikkim (GoS)
Rumtek, Sikkim-737135Rumtek, Sikkim-737135
Copyright ContentCopyright Content
MedicinesMedicines
Prepared byPrepared by
Mr. Sonam Bhutia, Asst. ProfessorMr. Sonam Bhutia, Asst. Professor
Department of PharmacognosyDepartment of Pharmacognosy
Government Pharmacy College SajongGovernment Pharmacy College Sajong
Government of Sikkim (GoS)Government of Sikkim (GoS)
Rumtek, Sikkim-737135Rumtek, Sikkim-737135
Copyright ContentCopyright Content
Aconitum feroxAconitum ferox
Aconitum ferox
Source: Aconitum ferox is a Herb,
which grows wild in the tropical rain
forests.
Family: Ranunculaceae.
Local name: Bikma
Active constituents: Aconitine,
catecholamine and Isoquinolines.
Therapeutics uses: Anti-pyretic,
analgesic, appetizer, digestive and anti-
rheumatic properties. used
in small
dose, after purification, useful in skin
disorders, asthma, backache, night
blindness, eye infection, antidote for
due to rats, scorpion and snake bites.
Aconitum ferox
Source: Aconitum ferox is a Herb,
which grows wild in the tropical rain
forests.
Family: Ranunculaceae.
Local name: Bikma
Active constituents: Aconitine,
catecholamine and Isoquinolines.
Therapeutics uses: Anti-pyretic,
analgesic, appetizer, digestive and anti-
rheumatic properties. used
in small
dose, after purification, useful in skin
disorders, asthma, backache, night
blindness, eye infection, antidote for
due to rats, scorpion and snake bites.
Agar agarAgar agar
Agar agar
Source: It is the dried colloidal concentrate
prepared from the decoction of various species
of the genus Gelidium.
Family: Gelidaceae
Local name: Agar
Active constituents: Agarose and agaropectin,
with agarose making up about 70% of the
mixture.
Therapeutics uses: Agar contains a gel-like
substance that bulks up in the gut. This
stimulates the intestines and creates a bowel
movement. This bulking effect is thought to
make it useful as
a laxative and for weight loss.
Agar agar
Source: It is the dried colloidal concentrate
prepared from the decoction of various species
of the genus Gelidium.
Family: Gelidaceae
Local name: Agar
Active constituents: Agarose and agaropectin,
with agarose making up about 70% of the
mixture.
Therapeutics uses: Agar contains a gel-like
substance that bulks up in the gut. This
stimulates the intestines and creates a bowel
movement. This bulking effect is thought to
make it useful as
a laxative and for weight loss.
Acacia catechuAcacia catechu
Acacia catechu
Source: Acacia catechu is a deciduous tree with
a light feathery crown and dark brown,
glabrous, slender, thorny, shining branchlets,
usually crooked.
Family:Leguminosae
Local name: Khair
Active Constituents: Catechin, Epicatechin,
Epicatechin gallate, Procatechinic acid,
Tannins, Quercetin and Kaempferol, Porifera
Sterol Glucosides , (+)-Afzelechin.
Therapeutics uses: Treat
sore throats and
diarrhoea, also useful in high blood pressure,
dysentery, colitis, gastric problems, bronchial
asthma, cough, leucorrhoea and leprosy. It is
used as mouthwash for mouth, gum, gingivitis,
dental and oral infections.
Acacia catechu
Source: Acacia catechu is a deciduous tree with
a light feathery crown and dark brown,
glabrous, slender, thorny, shining branchlets,
usually crooked.
Family:Leguminosae
Local name: Khair
Active Constituents: Catechin, Epicatechin,
Epicatechin gallate, Procatechinic acid,
Tannins, Quercetin and Kaempferol, Porifera
Sterol Glucosides , (+)-Afzelechin.
Therapeutics uses: Treat
sore throats and
diarrhoea, also useful in high blood pressure,
dysentery, colitis, gastric problems, bronchial
asthma, cough, leucorrhoea and leprosy. It is
used as mouthwash for mouth, gum, gingivitis,
dental and oral infections.
Acorus calamusAcorus calamus
Acorus calamus
Source: Calamus consists of dried
rhizomes of
Acorus calamus
Linn.
Family:Araceae
Local name: Bojo
Active Constituents: α-
asarone
(50.09%), (E)-
methylisoeugenol (14.01%), and
methyleugenol (8.59%) (Figure 1), β-
asarone (3.51%), α-cedrene (3.09%)
and camphor (2.42%)
Therapeutics uses: Ulcers,
inflammation of the stomach lining
(gastritis), intestinal gas (flatulence),
upset stomach and loss of appetite
(anorexia).
Acorus calamus
Source: Calamus consists of dried
rhizomes of
Acorus calamus
Linn.
Family:Araceae
Local name: Bojo
Active Constituents: α-
asarone
(50.09%), (E)-
methylisoeugenol (14.01%), and
methyleugenol (8.59%) (Figure 1), β-
asarone (3.51%), α-cedrene (3.09%)
and camphor (2.42%)
Therapeutics uses: Ulcers,
inflammation of the stomach lining
(gastritis), intestinal gas (flatulence),
upset stomach and loss of appetite
(anorexia).
Aconogonum molleAconogonum molle
Aconogonon molle
Source: Aconogonon molle is a
perennial herb, 1.2–2.5 m tall.
Family: Polygonacea
Local name: Thotne
Active Constituents:
Quercetin,Thotneosides A, B and
C.
Therapeutics uses: Analgesia,
Internal lesion caused by
overexertion, Irregular menses,
Arthralgia, and Myalgia.
Aconogonon molle
Source: Aconogonon molle is a
perennial herb, 1.2–2.5 m tall.
Family: Polygonacea
Local name: Thotne
Active Constituents:
Quercetin,Thotneosides A, B and
C.
Therapeutics uses: Analgesia,
Internal lesion caused by
overexertion, Irregular menses,
Arthralgia, and Myalgia.
Aegle marmelos Aegle marmelos
Aegle marmelos
Source: Aegle marmelos, commonly known as
bael (or bili or bhel), also Bengal quince,
golden apple, Japanese bitter orange, stone
apple or wood apple, is a species of tree native
to
the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia.
Family:Rutaceae
Local name: Bael
Active Constituents: Aegelinol, Marmesin,
Marmin, Psoralen, Scopoletin, Umbelliferone,
Xanthotoxin, aeglemarmelosine.
Therapeutics uses: Antidiarrhoeal,
antimicrobial, antiviral, radioprotective,
anticancer, chemopreventive, antipyretic, ulcer
healing, antigenotoxic, diuretic, antifertility
and anti-inflammatory properties.
Aegle marmelos
Source: Aegle marmelos, commonly known as
bael (or bili or bhel), also Bengal quince,
golden apple, Japanese bitter orange, stone
apple or wood apple, is a species of tree native
to
the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia.
Family:Rutaceae
Local name: Bael
Active Constituents: Aegelinol, Marmesin,
Marmin, Psoralen, Scopoletin, Umbelliferone,
Xanthotoxin, aeglemarmelosine.
Therapeutics uses: Antidiarrhoeal,
antimicrobial, antiviral, radioprotective,
anticancer, chemopreventive, antipyretic, ulcer
healing, antigenotoxic, diuretic, antifertility
and anti-inflammatory properties.
Ageratina adenophora Ageratina adenophora
Ageratina adenophora
Source: Ageratina adenophorais a species
of
flowering plant in the daisy family native to
Mexico, Central America, Asia.
Family: Asteraceae
Local name: Kalo banmara
Active Constituents: 2-pentanone, germacrene,
bornyl acetate, 1-α -bisabolene, δ-cadinene
(6.4%), α-bisabolol, p-cymene, α-phellandrene
(5.7%), γ-curcumene, δ-2-carene, camphene
(4.8%), and endo-bornyl acetate.
Therapeutics uses: Used for treatment such
as
wound, itching, measles, skin diseases,
uterine bleeding
and also acts as antibacterial
and astringent activity.
Ageratina adenophora
Source: Ageratina adenophorais a species
of
flowering plant in the daisy family native to
Mexico, Central America, Asia.
Family: Asteraceae
Local name: Kalo banmara
Active Constituents: 2-pentanone, germacrene,
bornyl acetate, 1-α -bisabolene, δ-cadinene
(6.4%), α-bisabolol, p-cymene, α-phellandrene
(5.7%), γ-curcumene, δ-2-carene, camphene
(4.8%), and endo-bornyl acetate.
Therapeutics uses: Used for treatment such
as
wound, itching, measles, skin diseases,
uterine bleeding
and also acts as antibacterial
and astringent activity.
Allium sativumAllium sativum
L.
L.
Allium sativum
L.
Source: Garlic (Allium sativum
L.) is an
aromatic herbaceous plant that is consumed
worldwide as food and traditional remedy for
various diseases.
Family: Alliaceae
Local name: Lason
Active Constituents: Alliin, Allicin, Ajoenes,
Vinyldithiins, and Quercetin.
Therapeutics uses: Antiviral, antifungal,
antiprotozoal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory,
and Anticarcinogenic, antioxidant,
antidiabetic, renoprotective, anti-
atherosclerotic, antibacterial, antifungal, and
antihypertensive activities in traditional
medicines.
L.
L.
Allium sativum
L.
Source: Garlic (Allium sativum
L.) is an
aromatic herbaceous plant that is consumed
worldwide as food and traditional remedy for
various diseases.
Family: Alliaceae
Local name: Lason
Active Constituents: Alliin, Allicin, Ajoenes,
Vinyldithiins, and Quercetin.
Therapeutics uses: Antiviral, antifungal,
antiprotozoal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory,
and Anticarcinogenic, antioxidant,
antidiabetic, renoprotective, anti-
atherosclerotic, antibacterial, antifungal, and
antihypertensive activities in traditional
medicines.
Aloe barbendensisAloe barbendensis
Aloe barbendensis
Source: Aloe barbendensis is a perennial herb
grown domestically and in wild location.
Family: Liliaceae
Local name: Ghiukumari
Active Constituents: Chrysophanol, Aloe-
emodin, 7-Hydroxy-2,5-dimethylchromone,
Saikochromone A, Aloenin aglycone,
10-Hydroxyaloin B, Aloin B, Aloin A, Aloesin,
and Aloenin B.
Therapeutics uses: Immunomodulatory,
wound and burn healing, hypoglycemic,
anticancer, gastro-protective, antifungal, and
anti-inflammatory properties. Purgative and
Used as Sun screen.
Aloe barbendensis
Source: Aloe barbendensis is a perennial herb
grown domestically and in wild location.
Family: Liliaceae
Local name: Ghiukumari
Active Constituents: Chrysophanol, Aloe-
emodin, 7-Hydroxy-2,5-dimethylchromone,
Saikochromone A, Aloenin aglycone,
10-Hydroxyaloin B, Aloin B, Aloin A, Aloesin,
and Aloenin B.
Therapeutics uses: Immunomodulatory,
wound and burn healing, hypoglycemic,
anticancer, gastro-protective, antifungal, and
anti-inflammatory properties. Purgative and
Used as Sun screen.
Azadirachta indicaAzadirachta indica
Azadirachta indica
Source: Azadirachta indica commonly known as
neem, nimtree or Indian lilac, is a tree, is native to
the Indian subcontinent and most of the countries
in Africa. It is typically grown in tropical and
semi-tropical regions.
Family: Meliaceae
Local name: Nimpati
Active Constituents: Nimbolinin, Nimbin,
Nimbidin, Nimbidol, Sodium Nimbinate,
Gedunin, Salannin and Quercetin.
Therapeutics uses: Used for
leprosy, eye
disorders, bloody nose, intestinal worms, stomach
upset, loss of appetite, skin ulcers, diseases of the
heart and blood vessels (cardiovascular disease),
fever, diabetes, gum disease (gingivitis), and liver
problems. The leaf is also used for birth control
and to cause abortions. Antiseptic, treatment of small
fox, prophylactic for mouth & teeth, as febrifuge.
Azadirachta indica
Source: Azadirachta indica commonly known as
neem, nimtree or Indian lilac, is a tree, is native to
the Indian subcontinent and most of the countries
in Africa. It is typically grown in tropical and
semi-tropical regions.
Family: Meliaceae
Local name: Nimpati
Active Constituents: Nimbolinin, Nimbin,
Nimbidin, Nimbidol, Sodium Nimbinate,
Gedunin, Salannin and Quercetin.
Therapeutics uses: Used for
leprosy, eye
disorders, bloody nose, intestinal worms, stomach
upset, loss of appetite, skin ulcers, diseases of the
heart and blood vessels (cardiovascular disease),
fever, diabetes, gum disease (gingivitis), and liver
problems. The leaf is also used for birth control
and to cause abortions. Antiseptic, treatment of small
fox, prophylactic for mouth & teeth, as febrifuge.
Astilbe rivularisAstilbe rivularis
Astilbe rivularis
Source: Astilbe rivularis, a rhizomatous
perennial herb has been listed in rare
species.
Family: Saxifragaceae
Local name: Bodho okahti
Active Constituents: 2-Coumaranone,
2-Buten-1-one, 1-phenyl, Undecanoic
acid, Crinan, 9-Octadecenoic acid,
Butanedioicacid, 2-Piperidinone.
Therapeutics uses: Antimicrobial, anti-
peptic ulcer, anti-inflammatory, and
antioxidant activity. Diarrhoea,
dysentery & blood purifier.
Astilbe rivularis
Source: Astilbe rivularis, a rhizomatous
perennial herb has been listed in rare
species.
Family: Saxifragaceae
Local name: Bodho okahti
Active Constituents: 2-Coumaranone,
2-Buten-1-one, 1-phenyl, Undecanoic
acid, Crinan, 9-Octadecenoic acid,
Butanedioicacid, 2-Piperidinone.
Therapeutics uses: Antimicrobial, anti-
peptic ulcer, anti-inflammatory, and
antioxidant activity. Diarrhoea,
dysentery & blood purifier.
Astragalus gummiferAstragalus gummifer
Astragalus gummifer
Source: Astragalus gummifer also called
Tragacanth is a natural gum obtained from
the
dried sap of several species of Middle Eastern
legumes of the genus Astragalus
Family: Fabaceae
Local name: Tragacanth
Active Constituents: L-fucose (L-Fuc), L-
arabinose (L-Ara), D-xylose (D-Xyl), D-
mannose (D-Man), D-galactose (D-Gal), and D-
glucose (D-Glc) in a 3:52:29:6:5:5 molar ratio
and the arabinogalactan contained L-
rhamnose (L-Rha), L-Fuc, L-Ara, D-Xyl, D-
Man, D-Gal, and D-Glc
Therapeutics uses: Treatment of
diabetes
mellitus, nephritis, leukemia and uterine
cancer.
Astragalus gummifer
Source: Astragalus gummifer also called
Tragacanth is a natural gum obtained from
the
dried sap of several species of Middle Eastern
legumes of the genus Astragalus
Family: Fabaceae
Local name: Tragacanth
Active Constituents: L-fucose (L-Fuc), L-
arabinose (L-Ara), D-xylose (D-Xyl), D-
mannose (D-Man), D-galactose (D-Gal), and D-
glucose (D-Glc) in a 3:52:29:6:5:5 molar ratio
and the arabinogalactan contained L-
rhamnose (L-Rha), L-Fuc, L-Ara, D-Xyl, D-
Man, D-Gal, and D-Glc
Therapeutics uses: Treatment of
diabetes
mellitus, nephritis, leukemia and uterine
cancer.
Atropa belladonnaAtropa belladonna
Atropa belladonna
Source: Belladonna, (Atropa belladonna), also
called deadly nightshade, tall bushy herb
Family: Solanaceae
Local name: Belaadonaa
Active Constituents: Atropine, hyoscine
(scopolamine), and hyoscyamine.
Therapeutics uses: Though widely regarded as
unsafe, belladonna is taken by mouth as a
sedative,
to stop bronchial spasms in asthma
and whooping cough, and as a cold and hay
fever remedy. It is also used for Parkinson's
disease, colic, inflammatory bowel disease,
motion sickness, and as a painkiller.
Atropa belladonna
Source: Belladonna, (Atropa belladonna), also
called deadly nightshade, tall bushy herb
Family: Solanaceae
Local name: Belaadonaa
Active Constituents: Atropine, hyoscine
(scopolamine), and hyoscyamine.
Therapeutics uses: Though widely regarded as
unsafe, belladonna is taken by mouth as a
sedative,
to stop bronchial spasms in asthma
and whooping cough, and as a cold and hay
fever remedy. It is also used for Parkinson's
disease, colic, inflammatory bowel disease,
motion sickness, and as a painkiller.
Berginia ciliateBerginia ciliate
Bergina ciliata
Source: Bergenia ciliata is a perennial/semi-
evergreen plant deciduous species in the genus
Bergenia found between the height of 800–3000
m.
Family: Saxifragaceae
Local name: Pakhanabhed
Active Constituents: Bergenin, gallic acid and
tannic acid, glucose, mucilage and wax.
pyrogallol, rutin and morin.
Therapeutics uses: Treatment of
heart disease,
haemorrhoids, stomach disorders and
ophthalmia. In addition, it is accredited with
analgesic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and
antimalarial properties.
Bergina ciliata
Source: Bergenia ciliata is a perennial/semi-
evergreen plant deciduous species in the genus
Bergenia found between the height of 800–3000
m.
Family: Saxifragaceae
Local name: Pakhanabhed
Active Constituents: Bergenin, gallic acid and
tannic acid, glucose, mucilage and wax.
pyrogallol, rutin and morin.
Therapeutics uses: Treatment of
heart disease,
haemorrhoids, stomach disorders and
ophthalmia. In addition, it is accredited with
analgesic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and
antimalarial properties.
Buddleja asiaticaBuddleja asiatica
Buddleja asiatica
Source: Buddleja asiatica is a evergreen/tender
deciduous shrub, 2-4 m tall, the branches lax,
young shoots stellate-pubescent.
Family: Buddlejaceae
Local name: Bhimsenpatee
Active Constituents: Beta-sitosterol,
stigmasterol, stigmasterol-O-glucoside, beta-
sitosterol-O-glucoside), iridoid glucosides
(methyl catalpol, catalpol, aucubin),
phenylpropanoids (isoacteoside and acteoside),
a triterpene saponin (mimengoside A), diosmin
and linarin, mannitol and sucrose.
Therapeutics uses: Used in Inflammation,
rheumatism, skin disease, malaria
etc.
antihepatotoxic, antibacterial, hypotensive,
anticancer, antifungal, antimalarial and
antioxidant activities.
Buddleja asiatica
Source: Buddleja asiatica is a evergreen/tender
deciduous shrub, 2-4 m tall, the branches lax,
young shoots stellate-pubescent.
Family: Buddlejaceae
Local name: Bhimsenpatee
Active Constituents: Beta-sitosterol,
stigmasterol, stigmasterol-O-glucoside, beta-
sitosterol-O-glucoside), iridoid glucosides
(methyl catalpol, catalpol, aucubin),
phenylpropanoids (isoacteoside and acteoside),
a triterpene saponin (mimengoside A), diosmin
and linarin, mannitol and sucrose.
Therapeutics uses: Used in Inflammation,
rheumatism, skin disease, malaria
etc.
antihepatotoxic, antibacterial, hypotensive,
anticancer, antifungal, antimalarial and
antioxidant activities.
Calamus erevtusCalamus erevtus
Calamus erectus
Source: Calamus erectus is a
flowering shrub plant's habit of
growing straight rather than
creeping or climbing like many
species of the genus Calamus.
Family: Aracaceae
Local name: Phyakrey
Active Constituents: The fruit
contains rich amounts of
vitamin
C,
vitamin A, vitamin
E,
calcium, magnesium,
and
phosphorus.
Therapeutics uses: Hypoglycemic,
hypolipidemic and antioxidant.
Calamus erectus
Source: Calamus erectus is a
flowering shrub plant's habit of
growing straight rather than
creeping or climbing like many
species of the genus Calamus.
Family: Aracaceae
Local name: Phyakrey
Active Constituents: The fruit
contains rich amounts of
vitamin
C,
vitamin A, vitamin
E,
calcium, magnesium,
and
phosphorus.
Therapeutics uses: Hypoglycemic,
hypolipidemic and antioxidant.
Camellia sinensisCamellia sinensis
Camellia sinensis
Source: Camellia sinensis
is a species of evergreen
shrubs or small trees in the flowering plant.
Family: Theaceae
Local name: Chiya patti
Active Constituents: Caffeine, L-theanine,
theobromine, gallic acid, (+)-catechin, ampelopsin,
(-)-epicatechin, (-)-epiafzelechin, (-)-epicatechin-3-O-
gallate, (-)-epiafzelechin-3-O-gallate, (+)-catechin-3-
O-gallate, (+)-afzelechin-3-O-gallate, quemefin-3-O-
alpha-L-arabinopyranosid and (-)-epicatechin-3-O-
p-hydroxybenzoate.
Therapeutic uses: Boost your immune system,
reduce stress and anxiety, and promote weight loss.
Used
in cancer (prevention), cognitive improvement,
Crohn's disease,
diuresis, genital warts,
headaches,
heart disease (prevention), Parkinson's
disease
(prevention), stomach disorders,
and
hypercholesterolemia.
Camellia sinensis
Source: Camellia sinensis
is a species of evergreen
shrubs or small trees in the flowering plant.
Family: Theaceae
Local name: Chiya patti
Active Constituents: Caffeine, L-theanine,
theobromine, gallic acid, (+)-catechin, ampelopsin,
(-)-epicatechin, (-)-epiafzelechin, (-)-epicatechin-3-O-
gallate, (-)-epiafzelechin-3-O-gallate, (+)-catechin-3-
O-gallate, (+)-afzelechin-3-O-gallate, quemefin-3-O-
alpha-L-arabinopyranosid and (-)-epicatechin-3-O-
p-hydroxybenzoate.
Therapeutic uses: Boost your immune system,
reduce stress and anxiety, and promote weight loss.
Used
in cancer (prevention), cognitive improvement,
Crohn's disease,
diuresis, genital warts,
headaches,
heart disease (prevention), Parkinson's
disease
(prevention), stomach disorders,
and
hypercholesterolemia.
Cannabis sativa Cannabis sativa
Cannabis sativa
Source: Cannabis sativa is an important herbaceous
species originating from
Central Asia
Family: Cannabaceae
Local name: Ganja/ Bhang
Active Constituents: Cannabinoids, cannabinolic
acid, tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabigerolic acid
(CBGA), cannabichromenic acid (CBCA) and
cannabinodiolic acid Glutinol, ß-amyrone,
stigmastanol, fucosterol, stigmasta-3,5-diene,
stigmasta-3,5,22-triene, and oleamide.
Therapeutic uses: Therapeutic uses covered by this
chapter are
chronic pain, cancer, chemotherapy-
induced nausea and vomiting, anorexia and weight
loss associated with HIV, irritable bowel syndrome,
epilepsy, spasticity, Tourette syndrome,
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease,
Parkinson's disease, dystonia, dementia, glaucoma,
traumatic brain injury, addiction, anxiety,
depression, sleep disorders, posttraumatic stress
disorder, and schizophrenia and other psychoses.
Cannabis sativa
Source: Cannabis sativa is an important herbaceous
species originating from
Central Asia
Family: Cannabaceae
Local name: Ganja/ Bhang
Active Constituents: Cannabinoids, cannabinolic
acid, tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabigerolic acid
(CBGA), cannabichromenic acid (CBCA) and
cannabinodiolic acid Glutinol, ß-amyrone,
stigmastanol, fucosterol, stigmasta-3,5-diene,
stigmasta-3,5,22-triene, and oleamide.
Therapeutic uses: Therapeutic uses covered by this
chapter are
chronic pain, cancer, chemotherapy-
induced nausea and vomiting, anorexia and weight
loss associated with HIV, irritable bowel syndrome,
epilepsy, spasticity, Tourette syndrome,
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease,
Parkinson's disease, dystonia, dementia, glaucoma,
traumatic brain injury, addiction, anxiety,
depression, sleep disorders, posttraumatic stress
disorder, and schizophrenia and other psychoses.
Capsicum annumCapsicum annum
Capsicum annum
Source: Capsicum annuum is a species
of the plant genus Capsicum native to
southern North America and northern
South America. This species is the most
common and extensively cultivated of
the five domesticated capsicums.
Family: Solanaceae
Local name: Dallay khorsani
Active Constituents:
Therapeutic uses: Anti-inflammatory,
Carminative, Stimulant, Counter
irritant, Throat diseases, Toothaches,
Anti – Diabetic, pickle.
Capsicum annum
Source: Capsicum annuum is a species
of the plant genus Capsicum native to
southern North America and northern
South America. This species is the most
common and extensively cultivated of
the five domesticated capsicums.
Family: Solanaceae
Local name: Dallay khorsani
Active Constituents:
Therapeutic uses: Anti-inflammatory,
Carminative, Stimulant, Counter
irritant, Throat diseases, Toothaches,
Anti – Diabetic, pickle.
Catharanthus roseus Catharanthus roseus
Catharanthus roseus
Source: Catharanthus roseus, is native and
endemic to Madagascar, but grown elsewhere
as an ornamental and medicinal plant.
Family: Apocynaceae
Local name: Sada bahar
Active Constituents: Ajmalcine, vinceine,
resperine, vincristine, vinblastine and
raubasin.
Therapeutic uses: treatment of digestive
ailments like enteritis, diarrhea, gastritis, loss
of appetite. Hypertension, blood dysentery,
anxiety, cough, ulcer & cancer. Used
for
relieving muscle pain, depression of the
central nervous system, also used for applying
to wasp stings and to heal wounds.
Catharanthus roseus
Source: Catharanthus roseus, is native and
endemic to Madagascar, but grown elsewhere
as an ornamental and medicinal plant.
Family: Apocynaceae
Local name: Sada bahar
Active Constituents: Ajmalcine, vinceine,
resperine, vincristine, vinblastine and
raubasin.
Therapeutic uses: treatment of digestive
ailments like enteritis, diarrhea, gastritis, loss
of appetite. Hypertension, blood dysentery,
anxiety, cough, ulcer & cancer. Used
for
relieving muscle pain, depression of the
central nervous system, also used for applying
to wasp stings and to heal wounds.
Centella asiaticaCentella asiatica
Centella asiatica
Source: Centella asiatica
is an important
medicinal herb that is widely used in the orient
and is becoming popular in the West.
Family: Apiaceae
Local name: Gol patta
Active Constituents: Madecassoside,
asiaticoside, madecassic acid and asiatic acid.
Therapeutic uses: Apart from
wound healing,
the herb is recommended for the treatment of
various skin conditions such as leprosy, lupus,
varicose ulcers, eczema, psoriasis, diarrhoea,
fever, amenorrhea, diseases of the female
genitourinary tract and also for relieving
anxiety and improving cognition.
Centella asiatica
Source: Centella asiatica
is an important
medicinal herb that is widely used in the orient
and is becoming popular in the West.
Family: Apiaceae
Local name: Gol patta
Active Constituents: Madecassoside,
asiaticoside, madecassic acid and asiatic acid.
Therapeutic uses: Apart from
wound healing,
the herb is recommended for the treatment of
various skin conditions such as leprosy, lupus,
varicose ulcers, eczema, psoriasis, diarrhoea,
fever, amenorrhea, diseases of the female
genitourinary tract and also for relieving
anxiety and improving cognition.
Cinnamomum tamalaCinnamomum tamala
Cinnamomum tamala
Source: Cinnamomum tamalais a tree that is
native
to India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, and China. It
can grow up to 20 m (66 ft) tall.
Family: Lauraceae
Local name: Tej patta
Active Constituents: α-pinene, camphene,
myrcene, limonene, eugenol, p-cymene, methyl
eugenol, and eugenol acetate and methyl ether
of eugenol
Therapeutic uses: Antioxidant,
antidiabetic, anti-
inflammatory, anticancer, and antimicrobial
activity.Treatment of bad odor from mouth, black
spots on the face, dental caries, swelling, cough and
in complications of tuberculosis.
Cinnamomum tamala
Source: Cinnamomum tamalais a tree that is
native
to India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, and China. It
can grow up to 20 m (66 ft) tall.
Family: Lauraceae
Local name: Tej patta
Active Constituents: α-pinene, camphene,
myrcene, limonene, eugenol, p-cymene, methyl
eugenol, and eugenol acetate and methyl ether
of eugenol
Therapeutic uses: Antioxidant,
antidiabetic, anti-
inflammatory, anticancer, and antimicrobial
activity.Treatment of bad odor from mouth, black
spots on the face, dental caries, swelling, cough and
in complications of tuberculosis.
Cordyceps sinensisCordyceps sinensis
Cordyceps sinensis
Source: Cordyceps sinensis is known in English
colloquially as caterpillar fungus, or by its
more prominent names yartsa gunbu.
Family: Clavicipitaceae
Local name: Yasarghumbu
Active Constituents: Cordycepin, nucleoside,
polysaccharide, sterol, protein, amino acid, and
polypeptide.
Therapeutic uses: Treat
coughs, chronic
bronchitis, respiratory disorders, kidney
disorders, nighttime urination, male sexual
problems, anemia, irregular heartbeat, high
cholesterol, liver disorders, dizziness,
weakness, ringing in the ears, unwanted weight
loss, and opium addiction. Rejuvenates liver,
heart & cheeks again process & built up
immune system
Cordyceps sinensis
Source: Cordyceps sinensis is known in English
colloquially as caterpillar fungus, or by its
more prominent names yartsa gunbu.
Family: Clavicipitaceae
Local name: Yasarghumbu
Active Constituents: Cordycepin, nucleoside,
polysaccharide, sterol, protein, amino acid, and
polypeptide.
Therapeutic uses: Treat
coughs, chronic
bronchitis, respiratory disorders, kidney
disorders, nighttime urination, male sexual
problems, anemia, irregular heartbeat, high
cholesterol, liver disorders, dizziness,
weakness, ringing in the ears, unwanted weight
loss, and opium addiction. Rejuvenates liver,
heart & cheeks again process & built up
immune system
Costus
speciosus
Costus
speciosus
Costus
speciosus
Source: Costus
speciosus
, or crepe ginger, is a
perennial flowering, rhizomatus herb with
erect or spreading stem used in traditional
system of medicine.
Family: Zingiberaceae
Local name: Bet lauree
Active Constituents: Anthocyanin,
Betacyanin, diosgenin, prosapogenin B of
dioscin, diosgenone, cycloartanol, 25-en-
cycloartenol and octacosanoic acid.
Tetracosanoic acid, succinic acid, beta-
sitosterol(9) and daucosterin.
Therapeutic uses: Anti-diabetic effects as well
as other medicinal properties. These plants
have been known to demonstrate
pharmacological activities such as anti-
inflammatory, anti-microbial, antioxidant,
anti-dyslipidemic and anti-cancer.
speciosus
Costus
speciosus
Costus
speciosus
Source: Costus
speciosus
, or crepe ginger, is a
perennial flowering, rhizomatus herb with
erect or spreading stem used in traditional
system of medicine.
Family: Zingiberaceae
Local name: Bet lauree
Active Constituents: Anthocyanin,
Betacyanin, diosgenin, prosapogenin B of
dioscin, diosgenone, cycloartanol, 25-en-
cycloartenol and octacosanoic acid.
Tetracosanoic acid, succinic acid, beta-
sitosterol(9) and daucosterin.
Therapeutic uses: Anti-diabetic effects as well
as other medicinal properties. These plants
have been known to demonstrate
pharmacological activities such as anti-
inflammatory, anti-microbial, antioxidant,
anti-dyslipidemic and anti-cancer.
Curcuma longaCurcuma longa
Curcuma longa
Source: Curcuma longa (turmeric) of ginger family
belongs to the group of oldest cultivated spice plants
in the south-east Asian.
Family: Zingiberaceae
Local name: Haldi
Active Constituents: Major active ingredients of
turmeric include three curcuminoids; curcumin
(diferuloylmethane, the primary constituent
responsible for yellow color of turmeric),
demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin.
In addition, volatile oils (tumerone, atlantone, and
zingiberene).
Therapeutic uses: Used as a traditional medicine
and remedy for various diseases including a
coughs,
diabetes, dermatological conditions, respiratory
problems, cardiovascular and hepatobiliary
diseases, arthritis, irritable bowel disease (IBS),
peptic ulcers, psoriasis, and atherosclerosis.
Curcuma longa
Source: Curcuma longa (turmeric) of ginger family
belongs to the group of oldest cultivated spice plants
in the south-east Asian.
Family: Zingiberaceae
Local name: Haldi
Active Constituents: Major active ingredients of
turmeric include three curcuminoids; curcumin
(diferuloylmethane, the primary constituent
responsible for yellow color of turmeric),
demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin.
In addition, volatile oils (tumerone, atlantone, and
zingiberene).
Therapeutic uses: Used as a traditional medicine
and remedy for various diseases including a
coughs,
diabetes, dermatological conditions, respiratory
problems, cardiovascular and hepatobiliary
diseases, arthritis, irritable bowel disease (IBS),
peptic ulcers, psoriasis, and atherosclerosis.
Dioscorea deltoideaDioscorea deltoidea
Dioscorea deltoidea
Source: Dioscorea deltoidea, the Nepal yam, is
a species of flowering plant.
Family: Dioscoreaceae
Local name: Tarul
Active Constituents: Steroidal saponin
glycosides: dioscin and its aglycone is
diosgenin. Small quantity of hecogenin. •
Resin-botagenin. • Alkaloids-dioscorine, Sterol:
Cholesterol, stigmasterol, P-sitosterol.
Therapeutic uses: Treatment of different
diseases such as
digestive disorders, sore of
throat for struma, diarrhea, irritability,
abdominal pain, wounds, burns, anemia, etc.
The genus Dioscorea has recently gained much
significant reputation as a source of steroidal
saponins like diosgenin.
Dioscorea deltoidea
Source: Dioscorea deltoidea, the Nepal yam, is
a species of flowering plant.
Family: Dioscoreaceae
Local name: Tarul
Active Constituents: Steroidal saponin
glycosides: dioscin and its aglycone is
diosgenin. Small quantity of hecogenin. •
Resin-botagenin. • Alkaloids-dioscorine, Sterol:
Cholesterol, stigmasterol, P-sitosterol.
Therapeutic uses: Treatment of different
diseases such as
digestive disorders, sore of
throat for struma, diarrhea, irritability,
abdominal pain, wounds, burns, anemia, etc.
The genus Dioscorea has recently gained much
significant reputation as a source of steroidal
saponins like diosgenin.
Datura metel Datura metel
Datura metel
Source: Datura metel is
a shrub-like annual (zone
5-7)
or short-lived, shrubby perennial (zone 8-10),
commonly
known in Europe as Indian Thornapple,
Hindu
Datura.
Family: Solanaceae
Local name: Dhatura
Active Constituents: Pterodontriol B,
disciferitriol, scopolamine, adenosine,
thymidine, ilekudinoside C, and dioscoroside
D.
Therapeutic uses: Though
a strong narcotic plant,
datura
offers umpteen health benefits and is
extensively
used for
alleviating pain,
treating
fever,
enhancing heart functions, improving fertility,
inducing
sleep, easing childbirth and promoting
hair
and skin health.
Datura metel
Source: Datura metel is
a shrub-like annual (zone
5-7)
or short-lived, shrubby perennial (zone 8-10),
commonly
known in Europe as Indian Thornapple,
Hindu
Datura.
Family: Solanaceae
Local name: Dhatura
Active Constituents: Pterodontriol B,
disciferitriol, scopolamine, adenosine,
thymidine, ilekudinoside C, and dioscoroside
D.
Therapeutic uses: Though
a strong narcotic plant,
datura
offers umpteen health benefits and is
extensively
used for
alleviating pain,
treating
fever,
enhancing heart functions, improving fertility,
inducing
sleep, easing childbirth and promoting
hair
and skin health.
Digitalis purpurea Digitalis purpurea
Digitalis purpurea
Source: Digitalis purpurea, the foxglove or
common foxglove, is a species of flowering
plant in the native to and widespread
throughout most of temperate Europe.
Family: Scropularaceae
Local name: Digitalis
Active Constituents: Purpurea glycosides A
and B (active chemical constituents),
glucogetaloxin, Digitoxin, gitoxin and
getaloxin.
Therapeutics uses: Used for
congestive heart
failure (CHF)
and relieving associated fluid
retention (edema), irregular heartbeat,
including atrial fibrillation and flutter. Also
used in asthma, epilepsy, tuberculosis;
constipation; headache; and spasm. It is also
used to cause vomiting and for healing wounds
and burns.
Digitalis purpurea
Source: Digitalis purpurea, the foxglove or
common foxglove, is a species of flowering
plant in the native to and widespread
throughout most of temperate Europe.
Family: Scropularaceae
Local name: Digitalis
Active Constituents: Purpurea glycosides A
and B (active chemical constituents),
glucogetaloxin, Digitoxin, gitoxin and
getaloxin.
Therapeutics uses: Used for
congestive heart
failure (CHF)
and relieving associated fluid
retention (edema), irregular heartbeat,
including atrial fibrillation and flutter. Also
used in asthma, epilepsy, tuberculosis;
constipation; headache; and spasm. It is also
used to cause vomiting and for healing wounds
and burns.
Diploknema butyraceaDiploknema butyracea
Diploknema butyracea
Source: Diploknema butyracea, the Indian
butter tree, is a multi purpose tree. Fat is
extracted from the seeds and named chiuri
ghee or phulwara butter.
Family: Sapotaceae
Local name: Chyuri
Active Constituents: α-amyrin acetate,
β-
amyrin acetate, and friedelin), steroid (α-
spinasterol), steroid glycoside (β-D-glucoside
of
β-sitosterol), and 3β-palmitoxy-olea-12en-
28-ol.
Therapeutics uses: Anticancer, antioxidant,
anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and wound-
healing actions.
Diploknema butyracea
Source: Diploknema butyracea, the Indian
butter tree, is a multi purpose tree. Fat is
extracted from the seeds and named chiuri
ghee or phulwara butter.
Family: Sapotaceae
Local name: Chyuri
Active Constituents: α-amyrin acetate,
β-
amyrin acetate, and friedelin), steroid (α-
spinasterol), steroid glycoside (β-D-glucoside
of
β-sitosterol), and 3β-palmitoxy-olea-12en-
28-ol.
Therapeutics uses: Anticancer, antioxidant,
anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and wound-
healing actions.
Elaeocarpus ganitrusElaeocarpus ganitrus
Elaeocarpus ganitrus
Source: Elaeocarpus ganitrus, is a large
evergreen broad-leaved tree. The drupes of
this tree are known as rudraksha and their
dried pyrenas are widely used as prayer beads,
particularly in Hinduism.
Family: Elaeocarpaceae
Local name: Rudraksha
Active Constituents: Elaeocarpidine,
isoelaeocarpine, epiisoelaeocarpiline,
rudrakine, flavonoids, quercetin, phytosterols,
fat, alkaloids, carbohydrates, ethanol, proteins,
tannins, gallic acid and ellagic acid
Therapeutics uses: Fruits have properties such
as sedative, hypnotic, tranquillizing, anti-
convulsive, anti-epileptic and anti-hypertensive
properties, used in the treatment of
epilepsy
and heart problems. Fruits also show
significant anti-inflammatory, analgesic
activities and protection against
bronchospasm.
Elaeocarpus ganitrus
Source: Elaeocarpus ganitrus, is a large
evergreen broad-leaved tree. The drupes of
this tree are known as rudraksha and their
dried pyrenas are widely used as prayer beads,
particularly in Hinduism.
Family: Elaeocarpaceae
Local name: Rudraksha
Active Constituents: Elaeocarpidine,
isoelaeocarpine, epiisoelaeocarpiline,
rudrakine, flavonoids, quercetin, phytosterols,
fat, alkaloids, carbohydrates, ethanol, proteins,
tannins, gallic acid and ellagic acid
Therapeutics uses: Fruits have properties such
as sedative, hypnotic, tranquillizing, anti-
convulsive, anti-epileptic and anti-hypertensive
properties, used in the treatment of
epilepsy
and heart problems. Fruits also show
significant anti-inflammatory, analgesic
activities and protection against
bronchospasm.
Entada rheediiEntada rheedii
Entada rheedii
Source: Entada rheedii, commonly known as
African dream herb or snuff box sea bean, and
as the cacoon vine in Jamaica, is a large woody
liana or climber.
Family: Fabaceae
Local name: Pangra
Active Constituents: Protocatechuic acid,
protocatechuic acid methyl ester, 1,3,4-
trihydroxybenzene glucoside, phaseoloidin,
entadamide A, entadamide A- β-d-
glucopyranoside, entadamide C, and saponins:
rheedeioside A and rheedeioside B.
Therapeutics uses: Used
as a topical ointment
against jaundice, toothache, ulcers and to treat
muscular-skeletal problems. Cut & wounds,
skin diseases.
Entada rheedii
Source: Entada rheedii, commonly known as
African dream herb or snuff box sea bean, and
as the cacoon vine in Jamaica, is a large woody
liana or climber.
Family: Fabaceae
Local name: Pangra
Active Constituents: Protocatechuic acid,
protocatechuic acid methyl ester, 1,3,4-
trihydroxybenzene glucoside, phaseoloidin,
entadamide A, entadamide A- β-d-
glucopyranoside, entadamide C, and saponins:
rheedeioside A and rheedeioside B.
Therapeutics uses: Used
as a topical ointment
against jaundice, toothache, ulcers and to treat
muscular-skeletal problems. Cut & wounds,
skin diseases.
Eryngium foetidumEryngium foetidum
Eryngium foetidum
Source: Eryngium foetidum is a leafy spice
herb of tropical regions of world.
Family: Umbelliferae
Local name: Bhotay dhania
Active Constituents: Trimethylbezaldehyde,
dodecenal and tetradecenal, dodecene,
tetradecanal and trimethylphenol.
Therapeutics uses: Used in traditional
medicine in tropical regions for
burns, earache,
fevers, hypertension, constipation, fits, asthma,
stomachache, worms, infertility complications,
snake bites, diarrhea, and malaria.
Eryngium foetidum
Source: Eryngium foetidum is a leafy spice
herb of tropical regions of world.
Family: Umbelliferae
Local name: Bhotay dhania
Active Constituents: Trimethylbezaldehyde,
dodecenal and tetradecenal, dodecene,
tetradecanal and trimethylphenol.
Therapeutics uses: Used in traditional
medicine in tropical regions for
burns, earache,
fevers, hypertension, constipation, fits, asthma,
stomachache, worms, infertility complications,
snake bites, diarrhea, and malaria.
Fragaria nubicola Fragaria nubicola
Heracleum nepalense
Source: Heracleum nepalense
is a flowering
plant in the carrot family Apiaceae. The
species is called Nepal cowparsnip in the book
on Traditional Chinese Medicine.
Family: Apiaceae
Local name: Chimphing
Active Constituents: Furanocoumarins [(R)-9-
((3,3-Dimethyl-2-oxiranyl)methoxy)-4-
methoxyfuro(3,2-g)chromen-7-one, Bergapten,
Phellopterin.
Therapeutics uses: Medicinal for stomach
ailments
and its seeds are ground with tomato
and taken as a relish, especially with boiled
vegetables. Antipyretic, antioxidant and
antimicrobial activity.
Heracleum nepalense
Source: Heracleum nepalense
is a flowering
plant in the carrot family Apiaceae. The
species is called Nepal cowparsnip in the book
on Traditional Chinese Medicine.
Family: Apiaceae
Local name: Chimphing
Active Constituents: Furanocoumarins [(R)-9-
((3,3-Dimethyl-2-oxiranyl)methoxy)-4-
methoxyfuro(3,2-g)chromen-7-one, Bergapten,
Phellopterin.
Therapeutics uses: Medicinal for stomach
ailments
and its seeds are ground with tomato
and taken as a relish, especially with boiled
vegetables. Antipyretic, antioxidant and
antimicrobial activity.
Gum acacia Gum acacia
Gum acacia
Source: Gum acacia consists of the dried
gummy exudation obtained from the stem
and branches of Acacia arabica Wild.
Family: Leguminosae
Local name: Babur
Active Constituents: L-arabinose, D-
galactose, L-rhamnose and D-
glucuronic acid.
Therapeutics uses: Used
topically for
healing wounds
and inhibits the growth
of periodontic bacteria and the early
deposition of plaque.
Gum acacia
Source: Gum acacia consists of the dried
gummy exudation obtained from the stem
and branches of Acacia arabica Wild.
Family: Leguminosae
Local name: Babur
Active Constituents: L-arabinose, D-
galactose, L-rhamnose and D-
glucuronic acid.
Therapeutics uses: Used
topically for
healing wounds
and inhibits the growth
of periodontic bacteria and the early
deposition of plaque.
Hibiscus rosa-sinensisHibiscus rosa-sinensis
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
Source: Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is a
species of tropical hibiscus, a flowering
plant in the Hibisceae tribe.
Family: Malvaceae
Local name: Jabakusum
Active Constituents: kaempferol-3-
xylosylglucoside, cyanidin, quercetin,
hentriacontane, calcium oxalate,
thiamine, riboflavin, niacin and
ascorbic acids.
Therapeutics uses: Used for
treating
wounds, inflamation, fever and
coughs, diabetes, infections caused by
bacteria and fungi, hair loss, and
gastric ulcers.
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
Source: Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is a
species of tropical hibiscus, a flowering
plant in the Hibisceae tribe.
Family: Malvaceae
Local name: Jabakusum
Active Constituents: kaempferol-3-
xylosylglucoside, cyanidin, quercetin,
hentriacontane, calcium oxalate,
thiamine, riboflavin, niacin and
ascorbic acids.
Therapeutics uses: Used for
treating
wounds, inflamation, fever and
coughs, diabetes, infections caused by
bacteria and fungi, hair loss, and
gastric ulcers.
Kaempferia rotundaKaempferia rotunda
Kaempferia rotunda
Source: Kaempferia rotunda
is a plant species in the
ginger family. It is spicy plant with many medicinal
uses in
Ayurvedic and allopathic medicinal systems.
Family: Zingiberaceae
Local name: Bhuinchampa
Active Constituents: Crotepoxide, benzoic acid,
tetracosanoic acid, b-sitosterol and stigmasterol.
Tetracosanoic acid and benzoic acid. Isopimarane,
abietane, labdane and clerodane diterpenoids,
flavonoids, phenolic acids, phenyl-heptanoids,
curcuminoids, tetrahydropyrano-phenolic, and
steroids.
Therapeutics uses: Anticancer, anti-inflammatory,
antimicrobial, anticholinesterase, antioxidant, anti-
obesity-induced dermatopathy, wound healing,
neuroprotective, anti-allergenic, and anti-
nociceptive. Bone fracture, sprain, gout, rheumatism
& swelling.
Kaempferia rotunda
Source: Kaempferia rotunda
is a plant species in the
ginger family. It is spicy plant with many medicinal
uses in
Ayurvedic and allopathic medicinal systems.
Family: Zingiberaceae
Local name: Bhuinchampa
Active Constituents: Crotepoxide, benzoic acid,
tetracosanoic acid, b-sitosterol and stigmasterol.
Tetracosanoic acid and benzoic acid. Isopimarane,
abietane, labdane and clerodane diterpenoids,
flavonoids, phenolic acids, phenyl-heptanoids,
curcuminoids, tetrahydropyrano-phenolic, and
steroids.
Therapeutics uses: Anticancer, anti-inflammatory,
antimicrobial, anticholinesterase, antioxidant, anti-
obesity-induced dermatopathy, wound healing,
neuroprotective, anti-allergenic, and anti-
nociceptive. Bone fracture, sprain, gout, rheumatism
& swelling.
Litsea cubebaLitsea cubeba
Litsea cubeba
Source: Litsea cubeba, the aromatic litsea or
may chang, is an evergreen tree or shrub 5–12
meters high.
Family: Lauraceae
Local name: Sil timbur
Active Constituents: Neral, geranial, α-pinene,
β-pinene, methyl heptenone, β-myrcene,
D-
limonene, cineole, linalool, citronellal,
verbenol, isopulegone, α-terpineol, (R)-
citronellol, piperitone, geraniol, β-
caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide.
D-
limonene.
Therapeutics uses: Traditionally used
for
curing various gastro-intestinal
ailments
(e.g., diarrhea, stomachache,
indigestion, and gastroenteritis) along with
diabetes, edema, cold, arthritis, asthma, and
traumatic injury.
Litsea cubeba
Source: Litsea cubeba, the aromatic litsea or
may chang, is an evergreen tree or shrub 5–12
meters high.
Family: Lauraceae
Local name: Sil timbur
Active Constituents: Neral, geranial, α-pinene,
β-pinene, methyl heptenone, β-myrcene,
D-
limonene, cineole, linalool, citronellal,
verbenol, isopulegone, α-terpineol, (R)-
citronellol, piperitone, geraniol, β-
caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide.
D-
limonene.
Therapeutics uses: Traditionally used
for
curing various gastro-intestinal
ailments
(e.g., diarrhea, stomachache,
indigestion, and gastroenteritis) along with
diabetes, edema, cold, arthritis, asthma, and
traumatic injury.
Mentha piperitaMentha piperita
Mentha piperita
Source: Mentha piperita is a popular
herb that can be used in numerous
forms (oil, leaf, leaf extract, and leaf
water).
Family: Lamiaceae
Local name: Pudina
Active Constituents: Menthol and
menthone, (+/-)-menthyl acetate, 1,8-
cineole, limonene, beta-pinene and
beta-caryophyllene. menthofuran, and
cis-carane.
Therapeutics uses: Aromatherapy,
bath preparations, mouthwashes,
toothpastes, and topical preparations.
Bronchitis, carminative & tonsillitis.
Mentha piperita
Source: Mentha piperita is a popular
herb that can be used in numerous
forms (oil, leaf, leaf extract, and leaf
water).
Family: Lamiaceae
Local name: Pudina
Active Constituents: Menthol and
menthone, (+/-)-menthyl acetate, 1,8-
cineole, limonene, beta-pinene and
beta-caryophyllene. menthofuran, and
cis-carane.
Therapeutics uses: Aromatherapy,
bath preparations, mouthwashes,
toothpastes, and topical preparations.
Bronchitis, carminative & tonsillitis.
Moringa oleiferaMoringa oleifera
Moringa oleifera
Source: Moringa oleifera
is a plant that is often
called the drumstick tree, the miracle tree, the ben
oil tree, or the horseradish tree.
Family: Moringaceae
Local name: Sajana
Active Constituents: Glucosinolates and
Isothiocyanates, terpenes, tocopherols and α-
tocopherol
9-octadecenoic acid, oleic acid, L-(+) -
ascorbic acid- 2, 6-dihexadecanoate, 9-octadecenoic
acid (20.89%), L-(+)-ascorbic acid- 2,6-
dihexadecanoate, 14–methyl-8-hexadecenal, 4-
hydroxyl-4-methyl-2-pentanone, 3-ethyl-2, 4-
dimethylpentane, phytol, octadecamethyl-
cyclononasiloxane
Therapeutics uses: Cardiac and circulatory
stimulants, possess antitumor, antipyretic,
antiepileptic, antiinflammatory, antiulcer,
antispasmodic, diuretic, antihypertensive,
cholesterol lowering, antioxidant, antidiabetic,
hepatoprotective, antibacterial,antifungal activities.
Moringa oleifera
Source: Moringa oleifera
is a plant that is often
called the drumstick tree, the miracle tree, the ben
oil tree, or the horseradish tree.
Family: Moringaceae
Local name: Sajana
Active Constituents: Glucosinolates and
Isothiocyanates, terpenes, tocopherols and α-
tocopherol
9-octadecenoic acid, oleic acid, L-(+) -
ascorbic acid- 2, 6-dihexadecanoate, 9-octadecenoic
acid (20.89%), L-(+)-ascorbic acid- 2,6-
dihexadecanoate, 14–methyl-8-hexadecenal, 4-
hydroxyl-4-methyl-2-pentanone, 3-ethyl-2, 4-
dimethylpentane, phytol, octadecamethyl-
cyclononasiloxane
Therapeutics uses: Cardiac and circulatory
stimulants, possess antitumor, antipyretic,
antiepileptic, antiinflammatory, antiulcer,
antispasmodic, diuretic, antihypertensive,
cholesterol lowering, antioxidant, antidiabetic,
hepatoprotective, antibacterial,antifungal activities.
Morus albaMorus alba
Morus alba
Source: Morus alba, known as white mulberry,
common mulberry and silkworm mulberry, is
a fast-growing, small to medium-sized
mulberry tree which grows to 10–20 m tall.
Family: Moraceae
Local name: Kimbu
Active Constituents: Rutin, chlorogenic acid,
caffeic acid, quercetin, gallic acid, kaempferol,
and apigenin.
Therapeutics uses: Used for the treatment
of
dizziness, insomnia, premature aging, and
DM2. They also have a protective effect against
atherosclerosis, liver and kidney disorders, and
inflammation. Sore throat, arthritis, cough,
brain & heart tonic ‘Fodder & fuel wood’.
Morus alba
Source: Morus alba, known as white mulberry,
common mulberry and silkworm mulberry, is
a fast-growing, small to medium-sized
mulberry tree which grows to 10–20 m tall.
Family: Moraceae
Local name: Kimbu
Active Constituents: Rutin, chlorogenic acid,
caffeic acid, quercetin, gallic acid, kaempferol,
and apigenin.
Therapeutics uses: Used for the treatment
of
dizziness, insomnia, premature aging, and
DM2. They also have a protective effect against
atherosclerosis, liver and kidney disorders, and
inflammation. Sore throat, arthritis, cough,
brain & heart tonic ‘Fodder & fuel wood’.
Ocimum sanctumOcimum sanctum
Ocimum sanctum
Source: Ocimum sanctum, commonly known as holy
basil or tulsi, is an aromatic perennial plant. It is
native to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast
Asian tropics.
Family: Lamiaceae
Local name: Tulsi
Active Constituents: Oleanolic acid, Ursolic acid,
Rosmarinic acid, Eugenol, Carvacrol, Linalool, and
β-caryophyllene. β-elemene, β-caryophyllene,
dimethoxycinnamic acid, caffeic acid, diosmetin,
luteolin, kaempferol, rosmarinic acid, apigenin,
genistein.
Therapeutics uses: Treatment of bronchitis,
bronchial asthma, malaria, diarrhea, dysentery, skin
diseases, arthritis, painful eye diseases, chronic
fever, insect bite etc. Antifertility, anticancer,
antidiabetic, antifungal, antimicrobial,
hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, antiemetic,
antispasmodic, analgesic, adaptogenic, diaphoretic
actions.
Ocimum sanctum
Source: Ocimum sanctum, commonly known as holy
basil or tulsi, is an aromatic perennial plant. It is
native to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast
Asian tropics.
Family: Lamiaceae
Local name: Tulsi
Active Constituents: Oleanolic acid, Ursolic acid,
Rosmarinic acid, Eugenol, Carvacrol, Linalool, and
β-caryophyllene. β-elemene, β-caryophyllene,
dimethoxycinnamic acid, caffeic acid, diosmetin,
luteolin, kaempferol, rosmarinic acid, apigenin,
genistein.
Therapeutics uses: Treatment of bronchitis,
bronchial asthma, malaria, diarrhea, dysentery, skin
diseases, arthritis, painful eye diseases, chronic
fever, insect bite etc. Antifertility, anticancer,
antidiabetic, antifungal, antimicrobial,
hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, antiemetic,
antispasmodic, analgesic, adaptogenic, diaphoretic
actions.
Oroxylum indicumOroxylum indicum
Oroxylum indicum
Source: Oroxylum indicum
is a species of flowering
plant and is commonly called midnight horror, It
can reach a height of 18 metres.
Family: Bignoniaceae
Local name: Totala
Active Constituents: Oroxylin A, chrysin,
scutellarin, baicalein, baicalein, oroxylin and
pinostrobin, Stigmast-7-en-3-ol.
Therapeutics uses: Microbial infection, cancer,
hepatic, gastrointestinal, cardiac, diabetic disorders.
It is useful in the treatment of obesity,wound
healing, to the bowels, cooling, aphrodisiac, tonic,
increases appetite, fevers, bronchitis, intestinal
worms, vomiting, dysentery, asthma, inflammation,
anal troubles. Used to treat diarrhoea, dysentery,
diaphoretic, and rheumatism, digestive tonic,
purgative and infections and hypertension ,
stomachic, anthelmintic, throat and heart, piles,
bronchitis, expectorant, improves the appetite; in
leucoderma, snake bite, headaches and ulcers.
Oroxylum indicum
Source: Oroxylum indicum
is a species of flowering
plant and is commonly called midnight horror, It
can reach a height of 18 metres.
Family: Bignoniaceae
Local name: Totala
Active Constituents: Oroxylin A, chrysin,
scutellarin, baicalein, baicalein, oroxylin and
pinostrobin, Stigmast-7-en-3-ol.
Therapeutics uses: Microbial infection, cancer,
hepatic, gastrointestinal, cardiac, diabetic disorders.
It is useful in the treatment of obesity,wound
healing, to the bowels, cooling, aphrodisiac, tonic,
increases appetite, fevers, bronchitis, intestinal
worms, vomiting, dysentery, asthma, inflammation,
anal troubles. Used to treat diarrhoea, dysentery,
diaphoretic, and rheumatism, digestive tonic,
purgative and infections and hypertension ,
stomachic, anthelmintic, throat and heart, piles,
bronchitis, expectorant, improves the appetite; in
leucoderma, snake bite, headaches and ulcers.
Picrorhiza kurrooa Picrorhiza kurrooa
Picrorhiza kurroa
Source: Picrorhiza kurroa is one of the oldest
medicinal plants traded from the Karnali zone.
It is a perennial herb and is used as a
substitute for Indian gentian.
Family: Scrophulariaceae
Local name: Kutki
Active Constituents: Picroside I, II, d-
mannitol, kutkiol, kutki sterol and apocynin.
Therapeutics uses: Used for yellowed skin
(jaundice), sudden liver infections caused by a
virus (acute viral hepatitis), fever, allergy, and
asthma. liver and upper respiratory tract,
reduce fevers, and to treat dyspepsia, chronic
diarrhea and scorpion sting.
Picrorhiza kurroa
Source: Picrorhiza kurroa is one of the oldest
medicinal plants traded from the Karnali zone.
It is a perennial herb and is used as a
substitute for Indian gentian.
Family: Scrophulariaceae
Local name: Kutki
Active Constituents: Picroside I, II, d-
mannitol, kutkiol, kutki sterol and apocynin.
Therapeutics uses: Used for yellowed skin
(jaundice), sudden liver infections caused by a
virus (acute viral hepatitis), fever, allergy, and
asthma. liver and upper respiratory tract,
reduce fevers, and to treat dyspepsia, chronic
diarrhea and scorpion sting.
Piper longumPiper longum
Piper longum
Source: Piper longum sometimes called Indian
long pepper or pipli, is a flowering vine,
cultivated for its fruit, which is usually dried
and used as a spice and seasoning.
Family: Piperaceae
Local name: Pipla
Active Constituents: Piperine, piperanine,
piperlongumine, and piperidine.
Therapeutics uses: Used to treat
chronic
bronchitis, asthma, constipation, gonorrhea,
paralysis of the tongue, diarrhea, cholera,
chronic malaria, viral hepatitis, respiratory
infections, stomachache, bronchitis, diseases of
the spleen, cough, and tumors.
Piper longum
Source: Piper longum sometimes called Indian
long pepper or pipli, is a flowering vine,
cultivated for its fruit, which is usually dried
and used as a spice and seasoning.
Family: Piperaceae
Local name: Pipla
Active Constituents: Piperine, piperanine,
piperlongumine, and piperidine.
Therapeutics uses: Used to treat
chronic
bronchitis, asthma, constipation, gonorrhea,
paralysis of the tongue, diarrhea, cholera,
chronic malaria, viral hepatitis, respiratory
infections, stomachache, bronchitis, diseases of
the spleen, cough, and tumors.
Piper nigrum Piper nigrum
Piper nigrum
Source: Piper nigrum is a flowering vine
cultivated for its fruit, known as a peppercorn,
which is usually dried and used as a spice and
seasoning. When fresh and fully mature, the
fruit is about 5 mm in diameter, dark red, and
contains a single seed, like all drupes.
Family: Piperaceae
Local name: Marich
Active Constituents:
Piperidine, pyrrolidines,
and safrole, Ascorbic-acid, -carotene,.
Camphene, Carvacrol, Eugenol.
Therapeutics uses: Antihypertensive,
antiplatelet, antioxidant, antitumor, anti-
asthmatics, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-
diarrheal, antispasmodic, antidepressants,
immunomodulatory, anticonvulsant, anti-
thyroids, antibacterial, antifungal, hepato-
protective, insecticidal and larvicidal activities.
Piper nigrum
Source: Piper nigrum is a flowering vine
cultivated for its fruit, known as a peppercorn,
which is usually dried and used as a spice and
seasoning. When fresh and fully mature, the
fruit is about 5 mm in diameter, dark red, and
contains a single seed, like all drupes.
Family: Piperaceae
Local name: Marich
Active Constituents:
Piperidine, pyrrolidines,
and safrole, Ascorbic-acid, -carotene,.
Camphene, Carvacrol, Eugenol.
Therapeutics uses: Antihypertensive,
antiplatelet, antioxidant, antitumor, anti-
asthmatics, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-
diarrheal, antispasmodic, antidepressants,
immunomodulatory, anticonvulsant, anti-
thyroids, antibacterial, antifungal, hepato-
protective, insecticidal and larvicidal activities.
Passiflora edulisPassiflora edulis
Passiflora edulis
Source: Passiflora edulis, commonly known as
passion fruit, is a vine species of passion
flower. It is cultivated commercially in tropical
and subtropical areas for its sweet, seedy fruit.
Family: Passifloraceae
Local name: Garendal
Active Constituents:Quercetine, Rutin,
Vitexina, Isoorientin, Saponarin, Homovitexin,
Luteolin-6-C-chinovoside, Luteolin-6-C-
fucoside, α-Tocopherylquinone, Luteolin-8-C-
β-digitoxopyranoside, Spinosin, Orientin,
Luteolin, Piceatannol.
Therapeutics uses: Treatment of
symptoms of
alcoholism, anxiety, migraine, nervousness,
and insomnia, used
as a tonic, digestive,
sedative, diuretic, antidiarrheal, insecticide.
Passiflora edulis
Source: Passiflora edulis, commonly known as
passion fruit, is a vine species of passion
flower. It is cultivated commercially in tropical
and subtropical areas for its sweet, seedy fruit.
Family: Passifloraceae
Local name: Garendal
Active Constituents:Quercetine, Rutin,
Vitexina, Isoorientin, Saponarin, Homovitexin,
Luteolin-6-C-chinovoside, Luteolin-6-C-
fucoside, α-Tocopherylquinone, Luteolin-8-C-
β-digitoxopyranoside, Spinosin, Orientin,
Luteolin, Piceatannol.
Therapeutics uses: Treatment of
symptoms of
alcoholism, anxiety, migraine, nervousness,
and insomnia, used
as a tonic, digestive,
sedative, diuretic, antidiarrheal, insecticide.
Paris polyphyllaParis polyphylla
Paris polyphylla
Source: Paris polyphylla is an Asian species of
flowering plant produces spider-like flowers that
throw out long, thread-like, yellowish green petals
throughout most of the warm summer months and
into the autumn.
Family: Trilliaceae
Local name: Satuwa
Active Constituents: Kaempferols, Sitosterols,
luteolin-7-O-glucoside, Ecdysterone, steroidal
saponins, dioscin, polyphyllin D, and balanitin.
Therapeutics uses:
Traditionally used against
analgesic, antibacterial, anti- phlogistic,
antispasmodic, antitussive, any poisonous bites,
burn, cut or injury, depurative, detoxification,
diarrhea, dressing, dysentery, febrifuge, fever,
gastric, gastritis, intestinal wounds, narcotic,
poisoning, rashes or itching, scabies, skin diseases,
sleeplessness, snake bite, stomach pain, typhoid,
ulcer and wounds.
Paris polyphylla
Source: Paris polyphylla is an Asian species of
flowering plant produces spider-like flowers that
throw out long, thread-like, yellowish green petals
throughout most of the warm summer months and
into the autumn.
Family: Trilliaceae
Local name: Satuwa
Active Constituents: Kaempferols, Sitosterols,
luteolin-7-O-glucoside, Ecdysterone, steroidal
saponins, dioscin, polyphyllin D, and balanitin.
Therapeutics uses:
Traditionally used against
analgesic, antibacterial, anti- phlogistic,
antispasmodic, antitussive, any poisonous bites,
burn, cut or injury, depurative, detoxification,
diarrhea, dressing, dysentery, febrifuge, fever,
gastric, gastritis, intestinal wounds, narcotic,
poisoning, rashes or itching, scabies, skin diseases,
sleeplessness, snake bite, stomach pain, typhoid,
ulcer and wounds.
Punica granatumPunica granatum
Punica granatum
Source: Punica granatum is a fruit-bearing
deciduous shrub, that grows between 5 and 10
m tall. The pomegranate was originally
described throughout the Mediterranean
region
Family: Punicaceae
Local name: Darim
Active Constituents: Ellagitannin, punicalagin,
ellagic acid.
Therapeutics uses: Treatment for
Cancer,
Osteoarthritis and Other Diseases. Used in
natural and holistic medicine to treat sore
throats, coughs, urinary infections, digestive
disorders, skin disorders, arthritis, and to
expel tapeworms.
Punica granatum
Source: Punica granatum is a fruit-bearing
deciduous shrub, that grows between 5 and 10
m tall. The pomegranate was originally
described throughout the Mediterranean
region
Family: Punicaceae
Local name: Darim
Active Constituents: Ellagitannin, punicalagin,
ellagic acid.
Therapeutics uses: Treatment for
Cancer,
Osteoarthritis and Other Diseases. Used in
natural and holistic medicine to treat sore
throats, coughs, urinary infections, digestive
disorders, skin disorders, arthritis, and to
expel tapeworms.
Rauwolfia serpentinaRauwolfia serpentina
Rauvolfia serpentina
Source: Rauwolfia serpentina, the Indian snakeroot,
devil pepper, or serpentine wood, is a species of
flower. It is native to the Indian subcontinent and
East Asia. Rauwolfia is a perennial under shrub
widely distributed in India in the sub-Himalayan
regions up to 1,000 metres.
Family: Apocynaceae
Local name: Sarpaganda
Active Constituents: Ajmalicine, ajmaline,
reserpine, rescinnamine, yohimbine, and serpentine.
Therapeutics uses: Used
to treat high blood
pressure, severe agitation in patients with mental
disorders. It works by slowing the activity of the
nervous system, causing the heart rate to slow and
the blood vessels to dilate. depression, snake bite,
insomnia, epilepsy.
Rauvolfia serpentina
Source: Rauwolfia serpentina, the Indian snakeroot,
devil pepper, or serpentine wood, is a species of
flower. It is native to the Indian subcontinent and
East Asia. Rauwolfia is a perennial under shrub
widely distributed in India in the sub-Himalayan
regions up to 1,000 metres.
Family: Apocynaceae
Local name: Sarpaganda
Active Constituents: Ajmalicine, ajmaline,
reserpine, rescinnamine, yohimbine, and serpentine.
Therapeutics uses: Used
to treat high blood
pressure, severe agitation in patients with mental
disorders. It works by slowing the activity of the
nervous system, causing the heart rate to slow and
the blood vessels to dilate. depression, snake bite,
insomnia, epilepsy.
Rhododendron arboreumRhododendron arboreum
Rhododendron arboreum
Source: Rhododendron arboreum, the tree
rhododendron, is an evergreen shrub or small tree
with a showy display of bright red flowers. It is
found in Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal.
Family: Ericaceae
Local name: Lali guras
ActiveConstituents:
Rhododendrone,
rhododendronside, rhododendrone
A, hyperosidesavicularin, quercetin, azaleatin,
astragalin and kaempferol, and five compounds
(myricetin 3-O-galactoside, paeoniflorin, astragalin,
azaleatin and kaempferol
Therapeutics uses: Used in the
treatment of coughs,
diarrhoea and dysentery. A decoction of the flowers
is used to check a tendency to vomit, especially if
there is also a loss of appetite. The juice of the
flowers is used in the treatment of menstrual
disorders. Diarrhea, throat trouble, tonsillitis,
mouth sores. ‘Fuel wood’.
Rhododendron arboreum
Source: Rhododendron arboreum, the tree
rhododendron, is an evergreen shrub or small tree
with a showy display of bright red flowers. It is
found in Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal.
Family: Ericaceae
Local name: Lali guras
ActiveConstituents:
Rhododendrone,
rhododendronside, rhododendrone
A, hyperosidesavicularin, quercetin, azaleatin,
astragalin and kaempferol, and five compounds
(myricetin 3-O-galactoside, paeoniflorin, astragalin,
azaleatin and kaempferol
Therapeutics uses: Used in the
treatment of coughs,
diarrhoea and dysentery. A decoction of the flowers
is used to check a tendency to vomit, especially if
there is also a loss of appetite. The juice of the
flowers is used in the treatment of menstrual
disorders. Diarrhea, throat trouble, tonsillitis,
mouth sores. ‘Fuel wood’.
Ricinus communisRicinus communis
Ricinus communis
Source: Ricinus communis, the castor bean or
castor oil plant, is a species of perennial
flowering plant. It is the sole species in the
monotypic genus, Ricinus, and subtribe,
Ricininae.
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Local name: Rerhi
Active Constituents: Ricinoleic acid, stearic,
linoleic, palmitic acid, sitosterol, squalene (38
mg/100 g) tocopherols and stearic acid.
Therapeutics uses: Used in traditional medicine such
as abdominal disorders,
arthritis, backache, muscle
aches, bilharziasis, chronic backache and sciatica,
chronic headache, constipation, expulsion of
placenta, gallbladder pain, period pain, menstrual
cramps, rheumatism, sleeplessness, and insomnia.
Sciatica, rheumatic pain, neuralgia, headache &
fever.
Ricinus communis
Source: Ricinus communis, the castor bean or
castor oil plant, is a species of perennial
flowering plant. It is the sole species in the
monotypic genus, Ricinus, and subtribe,
Ricininae.
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Local name: Rerhi
Active Constituents: Ricinoleic acid, stearic,
linoleic, palmitic acid, sitosterol, squalene (38
mg/100 g) tocopherols and stearic acid.
Therapeutics uses: Used in traditional medicine such
as abdominal disorders,
arthritis, backache, muscle
aches, bilharziasis, chronic backache and sciatica,
chronic headache, constipation, expulsion of
placenta, gallbladder pain, period pain, menstrual
cramps, rheumatism, sleeplessness, and insomnia.
Sciatica, rheumatic pain, neuralgia, headache &
fever.
Rubus ellipticusRubus ellipticus
Rubus ellipticus
Source: Rubus ellipticus, commonly known as
aiselu, Hisalu, hisol, golden evergreen
raspberry, golden Himalayan raspberry, or
yellow Himalayan raspberry, is an Asian
species of thorny fruiting shrub in the rose
family. It is native to China, Nepal, the Indian
subcontinent, Indochina, and the Philippines.
Family: Rosaceae
Local name: Ainselu
Active Constituents: Phenolics, flavonoids,
monomeric anthocyanins, ascorbic acid and β
‐
carotene
Therapeutics uses: Used mainly as a
renal
tonic and an antidiuretic. Its juices can also be
used to treat coughs, fevers, colic and sore
throat. The plant can also be used to make a
bluish-purple dye. Tonsillitis & diarrhea, colic
pains, fever & gastritis.
Rubus ellipticus
Source: Rubus ellipticus, commonly known as
aiselu, Hisalu, hisol, golden evergreen
raspberry, golden Himalayan raspberry, or
yellow Himalayan raspberry, is an Asian
species of thorny fruiting shrub in the rose
family. It is native to China, Nepal, the Indian
subcontinent, Indochina, and the Philippines.
Family: Rosaceae
Local name: Ainselu
Active Constituents: Phenolics, flavonoids,
monomeric anthocyanins, ascorbic acid and β
‐
carotene
Therapeutics uses: Used mainly as a
renal
tonic and an antidiuretic. Its juices can also be
used to treat coughs, fevers, colic and sore
throat. The plant can also be used to make a
bluish-purple dye. Tonsillitis & diarrhea, colic
pains, fever & gastritis.
Semecarpus anacardium Semecarpus anacardium
Semecarpus anacardium
Source: Semecarpus anacardium, commonly
known as the marking nut tree, phobi nut tree
and varnish tree, is a native of India, found in
the outer Himalayas to the Coromandel Coast.
Family: Anacardiaceae
Local name: Kalobalayo
Active Constituents: Anacardic acid, cardol,
catechol, anacardoside, fixed oil, semecarpol,
bhilawanol, biflavonoids, biflavones
Therapeutics uses: Antiatherogenic, anti-
inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, CNS
stimulant, hypoglycemic, anticarcinogenic and
hair growth promoter. Abortion, rheumatism,
paralysis. ‘Birth ceremony’ .
Semecarpus anacardium
Source: Semecarpus anacardium, commonly
known as the marking nut tree, phobi nut tree
and varnish tree, is a native of India, found in
the outer Himalayas to the Coromandel Coast.
Family: Anacardiaceae
Local name: Kalobalayo
Active Constituents: Anacardic acid, cardol,
catechol, anacardoside, fixed oil, semecarpol,
bhilawanol, biflavonoids, biflavones
Therapeutics uses: Antiatherogenic, anti-
inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, CNS
stimulant, hypoglycemic, anticarcinogenic and
hair growth promoter. Abortion, rheumatism,
paralysis. ‘Birth ceremony’ .
Spondias pinnataSpondias pinnata
Spondias pinnata
Source: Spondias pinnata also known as
ambda or amra in India is a species of
tree first described by Carl Linnaeus the
Younger. This species, among several
others, has sometimes called the "wild
mango" in other languages and was once
placed in the genus Mangifera.
Family:Anacardiaceae
Local name:Amaru
Active Constituents: Geraniin, Galloyl
geraniin, Galloyl glucose,
Therapeutics uses: Treatment
of
diarrhea, irregular menstruation,
anorexia, indigestion and nausea.
Cough & cold, tonsillitis, ‘pickles’.
Spondias pinnata
Source: Spondias pinnata also known as
ambda or amra in India is a species of
tree first described by Carl Linnaeus the
Younger. This species, among several
others, has sometimes called the "wild
mango" in other languages and was once
placed in the genus Mangifera.
Family:Anacardiaceae
Local name:Amaru
Active Constituents: Geraniin, Galloyl
geraniin, Galloyl glucose,
Therapeutics uses: Treatment
of
diarrhea, irregular menstruation,
anorexia, indigestion and nausea.
Cough & cold, tonsillitis, ‘pickles’.
Stephania glabra Stephania glabra
Stephania glabra
Source: Stephania glabra is a climbing
herbaceous shrub. Roots are tubers with
fibrous roots below, round or oval also with
irregular shapes, grayish white, weighing
about 5-20 kg.
Family: Menispermaceae
Local name: Tamarkay
Active Constituents: Bisbenzylisoquinolines,
hasubanalactams, berberines and aporphines.
Therapeutics uses: Used for the treatment
of
asthma, tuberculosis, dysentery,
hyperglycaemia, cancer, fever, intestinal
complaints, sleep disturbances and
inflammation.
Stephania glabra
Source: Stephania glabra is a climbing
herbaceous shrub. Roots are tubers with
fibrous roots below, round or oval also with
irregular shapes, grayish white, weighing
about 5-20 kg.
Family: Menispermaceae
Local name: Tamarkay
Active Constituents: Bisbenzylisoquinolines,
hasubanalactams, berberines and aporphines.
Therapeutics uses: Used for the treatment
of
asthma, tuberculosis, dysentery,
hyperglycaemia, cancer, fever, intestinal
complaints, sleep disturbances and
inflammation.
Momordica charantiaMomordica charantia
Momordica charantia
Source: Momordica charantia
Family: Aucurbetaceae
Local name: Teetey Karela
Active Constituents:Aoibaclyin and
Sitosterol-3-D-glucopyranoside.
Therapeutics uses: As a postpartum
remedy, Decoction of leaves is used as
a drink to counteract the poisonous
effects of the fruits. The juice squeezed
from the leaves is used to soothe
inflamed eyes.
Momordica charantia
Source: Momordica charantia
Family: Aucurbetaceae
Local name: Teetey Karela
Active Constituents:Aoibaclyin and
Sitosterol-3-D-glucopyranoside.
Therapeutics uses: As a postpartum
remedy, Decoction of leaves is used as
a drink to counteract the poisonous
effects of the fruits. The juice squeezed
from the leaves is used to soothe
inflamed eyes.
Cinnamomum zeylenicumCinnamomum zeylenicum
Cinnamomum zeylenicum
Source: Cinnamomum zeylenicum
consist of
dried bark, freed from the
outer cork and from the underlying
parenchyma, from the shoots growing
on the cut stumps of Cinnamomum
zeylanicum Nees
Family: Lauraceae
Local name: Dalchini
Active Constituents: Volatile
oils,Terpenoids Tannins.
Therapeutics uses: It is used as
carminative.
Cinnamomum zeylenicum
Source: Cinnamomum zeylenicum
consist of
dried bark, freed from the
outer cork and from the underlying
parenchyma, from the shoots growing
on the cut stumps of Cinnamomum
zeylanicum Nees
Family: Lauraceae
Local name: Dalchini
Active Constituents: Volatile
oils,Terpenoids Tannins.
Therapeutics uses: It is used as
carminative.
Coriandrum sativumCoriandrum sativum
Coriandrum sativum
Source: Coriandrum sativum is a genus
of herbs in the containing the
cultivated species Coriandrum sativum
and the wild species Coriandrum
tordylium. The leaves and seeds of
Coriandrum sativum are used in
cooking.
Family: Umbelliferae
Local name: Dhaniya
Active Constituents:It contains volatile
oil. Volatile oil contain mono
terpenoids, Coriandrol.
Therapeutics uses: It is used as
carminative .
Coriandrum sativum
Source: Coriandrum sativum is a genus
of herbs in the containing the
cultivated species Coriandrum sativum
and the wild species Coriandrum
tordylium. The leaves and seeds of
Coriandrum sativum are used in
cooking.
Family: Umbelliferae
Local name: Dhaniya
Active Constituents:It contains volatile
oil. Volatile oil contain mono
terpenoids, Coriandrol.
Therapeutics uses: It is used as
carminative .
Foeniculum vulgarisFoeniculum vulgaris
Foeniculum vulgaris
Source: Foeniculum vulgare is a stout,
glabrous biennial or perennial,
aromatic herb, with leaves dissected
into numerous filiform segments. The
fruit is ovate, and of a dark color,
especially in the grooves.
Family: Umbelliferae
Local name: Sauf
Active Constituents:It contains volatile
oil. Volatile oil contain mono
terpenoids, Anethole and Fenchone.
Therapeutics uses: It is used as
carminative.
Foeniculum vulgaris
Source: Foeniculum vulgare is a stout,
glabrous biennial or perennial,
aromatic herb, with leaves dissected
into numerous filiform segments. The
fruit is ovate, and of a dark color,
especially in the grooves.
Family: Umbelliferae
Local name: Sauf
Active Constituents:It contains volatile
oil. Volatile oil contain mono
terpenoids, Anethole and Fenchone.
Therapeutics uses: It is used as
carminative.
Glycyrrhiza glabraGlycyrrhiza glabra
Glycyrrhiza glabra
Source: Glycyrrhiza glabra is a flowering plant from
the root of which a sweet, aromatic flavouring can
be extracted. The liquorice plant is a herbaceous
perennial legume native to Western Asia, North
Africa and southern Europe.
Family: Fabaceae
Local name: Jethimadhu
Active Constituents:It consists of Saponin
glycosides, particularly Glycyrrhizine and
glycyrrhetinic acid.
Therapeutics uses: It is used in the treatment of
peptic ulcer and as an Expectorant. treat many
diseases, such as respiratory disorders,
hyperdipsia,
epilepsy, fever, sexual debility, paralysis, stomach
ulcers, rheumatism, skin diseases, hemorrhagic
diseases and jaundice.
Glycyrrhiza glabra
Source: Glycyrrhiza glabra is a flowering plant from
the root of which a sweet, aromatic flavouring can
be extracted. The liquorice plant is a herbaceous
perennial legume native to Western Asia, North
Africa and southern Europe.
Family: Fabaceae
Local name: Jethimadhu
Active Constituents:It consists of Saponin
glycosides, particularly Glycyrrhizine and
glycyrrhetinic acid.
Therapeutics uses: It is used in the treatment of
peptic ulcer and as an Expectorant. treat many
diseases, such as respiratory disorders,
hyperdipsia,
epilepsy, fever, sexual debility, paralysis, stomach
ulcers, rheumatism, skin diseases, hemorrhagic
diseases and jaundice.
Papaver somniferumPapaver somniferum
Papaver somniferum
Source: Poppy seed is an oilseed obtained from
the opium poppy. The tiny, kidney-shaped
seeds have been harvested from dried seed
pods by various civilizations for thousands of
years. It is still widely used in many countries,
especially in Central Europe and South Asia,
where it is legally grown and sold in shops
Family: Apocynaceae
Local name: Opium
Active Constituents: It consists of Alkaloids,
morphine, codeine, thabaine and papaverine.
Therapeutics uses: It is used as Narcotic
analgesic
Papaver somniferum
Source: Poppy seed is an oilseed obtained from
the opium poppy. The tiny, kidney-shaped
seeds have been harvested from dried seed
pods by various civilizations for thousands of
years. It is still widely used in many countries,
especially in Central Europe and South Asia,
where it is legally grown and sold in shops
Family: Apocynaceae
Local name: Opium
Active Constituents: It consists of Alkaloids,
morphine, codeine, thabaine and papaverine.
Therapeutics uses: It is used as Narcotic
analgesic
Ruta graveolensRuta graveolens
Ruta graveolens
Source: Ruta graveolens is a genus of
strongly scented evergreen subshrubs,
20–60 cm tall
Family: Rutaceae
Local name: Ruta
Active Constituents: Essential oil (EO)
but also coumarins, alkaloids, and
flavonoids.
Therapeutics uses:Treatment of
inflammatory conditions, eczema,
ulcers, arthritis, fibromyalgia, antidote
for venoms, insect repellent, and as an
abortifacient.
Ruta graveolens
Source: Ruta graveolens is a genus of
strongly scented evergreen subshrubs,
20–60 cm tall
Family: Rutaceae
Local name: Ruta
Active Constituents: Essential oil (EO)
but also coumarins, alkaloids, and
flavonoids.
Therapeutics uses:Treatment of
inflammatory conditions, eczema,
ulcers, arthritis, fibromyalgia, antidote
for venoms, insect repellent, and as an
abortifacient.
Cassia angustifoliaCassia angustifolia
Senna angustifolia
Source: Senna angustifolia is an ornamental
plant in the genus Senna. It is used in
herbalism. It grows natively in upper Egypt,
especially in the Nubian region, and near
Khartoum, where it is cultivated commercially.
It is also grown elsewhere, notably in India and
Somalia.
Family: Leguminosea
Local name: Senna patti
Active Constituents: It contains
Anthraquinone glycosides, Sennoside A,
Sennoside B, Sennoside C and Sennoside D.
Therapeutics uses: It is used as purgative.
Senna angustifolia
Source: Senna angustifolia is an ornamental
plant in the genus Senna. It is used in
herbalism. It grows natively in upper Egypt,
especially in the Nubian region, and near
Khartoum, where it is cultivated commercially.
It is also grown elsewhere, notably in India and
Somalia.
Family: Leguminosea
Local name: Senna patti
Active Constituents: It contains
Anthraquinone glycosides, Sennoside A,
Sennoside B, Sennoside C and Sennoside D.
Therapeutics uses: It is used as purgative.
Chrysanthemum partheniumChrysanthemum parthenium
Chrysanthemum
parthenium
Source: Chrysanthemum parthenium, known as
feverfew, is a flowering plant in the daisy family,
Asteraceae. It may be grown as an ornament, and is
usually identified by its synonyms, Chrysanthemum
parthenium and Pyrethrum parthenium.
Family: Asteraceae
Local name:
Guayule
Active Constituents: Sesquiterpene lactones
(including parthenolide and santamarine), volatile
oil, tannins
Therapeutics uses: Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory,
COX-2 Inhibitor Circulation, Insect repellents,
Allergies/hay Fever , Gout, Insect Repellent, Lupus,
Migraine Headache, Parasites/Worms,Rheumatoid
Arthritis.
Side Effects: Avoid feverfew if you are allergic to
plants in the ragweed family, ulcers, discontinue use
if this occurs . Not to be used while pregnant.
DOSE: 6.25 mg per day
Chrysanthemum
parthenium
Source: Chrysanthemum parthenium, known as
feverfew, is a flowering plant in the daisy family,
Asteraceae. It may be grown as an ornament, and is
usually identified by its synonyms, Chrysanthemum
parthenium and Pyrethrum parthenium.
Family: Asteraceae
Local name:
Guayule
Active Constituents: Sesquiterpene lactones
(including parthenolide and santamarine), volatile
oil, tannins
Therapeutics uses: Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory,
COX-2 Inhibitor Circulation, Insect repellents,
Allergies/hay Fever , Gout, Insect Repellent, Lupus,
Migraine Headache, Parasites/Worms,Rheumatoid
Arthritis.
Side Effects: Avoid feverfew if you are allergic to
plants in the ragweed family, ulcers, discontinue use
if this occurs . Not to be used while pregnant.
DOSE: 6.25 mg per day
Ephedra
gerardiana
Ephedra
gerardiana
Ephedra gerardiana
Source: Ephedra consists of the dried aerial
parts of
Ephedra gerardiana
Wall.
Family: Ephedraceae
Local name: Ephedra
Active Constituents: Alkaloids , Volatile
oil ,Other constituents Tannins (catechin,
Gallic acid), ephedrans (glycans) and acids
(citric, malic, oxalic). Flavonoids A
flavonoflavonol (ephedrannin A)
Therapeutics uses: immunomodulatory, anti-
inflammatory, CNS stimulatory and
antimicrobial effects, smooth muscle relaxant,
cardiovascular ,
Side Effects: tachycardia, anxiety, restlessness
and insomnia
DOSE: 15–30 mg alkaloids (maximum daily
dose 300 mg), calculated as ephedrine
gerardiana
Ephedra
gerardiana
Ephedra gerardiana
Source: Ephedra consists of the dried aerial
parts of
Ephedra gerardiana
Wall.
Family: Ephedraceae
Local name: Ephedra
Active Constituents: Alkaloids , Volatile
oil ,Other constituents Tannins (catechin,
Gallic acid), ephedrans (glycans) and acids
(citric, malic, oxalic). Flavonoids A
flavonoflavonol (ephedrannin A)
Therapeutics uses: immunomodulatory, anti-
inflammatory, CNS stimulatory and
antimicrobial effects, smooth muscle relaxant,
cardiovascular ,
Side Effects: tachycardia, anxiety, restlessness
and insomnia
DOSE: 15–30 mg alkaloids (maximum daily
dose 300 mg), calculated as ephedrine
Tamaarindus indicaTamaarindus indica
Tamaarindus indica
Source: Tamaarindus indica is a leguminous tree
bearing edible fruit that is indigenous to tropical
Africa. The genus Tamarindus is monotypic,
meaning that it contains only this species. The
tamarind tree produces brown, pod-like fruits that
contain a sweet, tangy pulp, which is used in cuisines
around the world.
Family: Ceasalpiniaceae
Local name: Titiri
Active Constituents:Tartaric acid, acetic acid, and
succinic acid, gum, pectin, sugar, tannins, alkaloid,
flavonoids, sesquiterpenes, and glycosides.
Therapeutics uses: Used in
wound healing,
abdominal pain, diarrhea, dysentery, parasitic
infestation, fever, malaria and respiratory problems.
It is also commonly used in tropical countries
because of its laxative and aphrodisiac properties.
Tamaarindus indica
Source: Tamaarindus indica is a leguminous tree
bearing edible fruit that is indigenous to tropical
Africa. The genus Tamarindus is monotypic,
meaning that it contains only this species. The
tamarind tree produces brown, pod-like fruits that
contain a sweet, tangy pulp, which is used in cuisines
around the world.
Family: Ceasalpiniaceae
Local name: Titiri
Active Constituents:Tartaric acid, acetic acid, and
succinic acid, gum, pectin, sugar, tannins, alkaloid,
flavonoids, sesquiterpenes, and glycosides.
Therapeutics uses: Used in
wound healing,
abdominal pain, diarrhea, dysentery, parasitic
infestation, fever, malaria and respiratory problems.
It is also commonly used in tropical countries
because of its laxative and aphrodisiac properties.
Ginkgo bilobaGinkgo biloba
Ginkgo biloba
Source: Ginkgo biloba, commonly known as ginkgo
or gingko also known as the maidenhair tree, is a
species of tree native to China. It is the only living
species in the order Ginkgoales, which first
appeared over 290 million years ago.
Family: Ginkgoaceae
Local name: Bal kumari.
Active Constituents: Terpene lactones
(which most
notably include ginkgolides and diterpenes) and
ginkgo flavone glycosides (which most notably
contain ginkgetin, bilobetin, and sciadopitysin)
Therapeutics uses:Treat
altitude sickness
(prevention), cerebral vascular insufficiency,
cognitive disorders, dementia, dizziness/vertigo,
intermittent claudication, macular
degeneration/glaucoma, memory loss, premenstrual
syndrome, SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction, and as
a vasodilator.
Ginkgo biloba
Source: Ginkgo biloba, commonly known as ginkgo
or gingko also known as the maidenhair tree, is a
species of tree native to China. It is the only living
species in the order Ginkgoales, which first
appeared over 290 million years ago.
Family: Ginkgoaceae
Local name: Bal kumari.
Active Constituents: Terpene lactones
(which most
notably include ginkgolides and diterpenes) and
ginkgo flavone glycosides (which most notably
contain ginkgetin, bilobetin, and sciadopitysin)
Therapeutics uses:Treat
altitude sickness
(prevention), cerebral vascular insufficiency,
cognitive disorders, dementia, dizziness/vertigo,
intermittent claudication, macular
degeneration/glaucoma, memory loss, premenstrual
syndrome, SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction, and as
a vasodilator.
Zingiber officinaleZingiber officinale
Zinger officinale
Source: Zinger officinale is a flowering plant whose
rhizome, ginger root or ginger, is widely used as a spice
and a folk medicine. It is a herbaceous perennial which
grows annual pseudostems about one meter tall bearing
narrow leaf blades
Family: Zingiberaceae
Local name: Aduwa
Active Constituents: Gingerols, shogaols, and
paradols. In fresh ginger, gingerols are the major
polyphenols, such as 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, and 10-
gingerol.
Therapeutics uses: Used natural products consumed as
a spice and medicine for treating
nausea, dysentery,
heartburn, flatulence, diarrhea, loss of appetite,
infections, cough, and bronchitis.
DOSE:170 mg three times daily .
Zinger officinale
Source: Zinger officinale is a flowering plant whose
rhizome, ginger root or ginger, is widely used as a spice
and a folk medicine. It is a herbaceous perennial which
grows annual pseudostems about one meter tall bearing
narrow leaf blades
Family: Zingiberaceae
Local name: Aduwa
Active Constituents: Gingerols, shogaols, and
paradols. In fresh ginger, gingerols are the major
polyphenols, such as 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, and 10-
gingerol.
Therapeutics uses: Used natural products consumed as
a spice and medicine for treating
nausea, dysentery,
heartburn, flatulence, diarrhea, loss of appetite,
infections, cough, and bronchitis.
DOSE:170 mg three times daily .
Panax ginsengPanax ginseng
Panax ginseng
Source: Panax ginseng is the root of plants in the
genus Panax, such as Korean ginseng, South China
ginseng, and American ginseng, typically
characterized by the presence of ginsenosides and
gintonin.
Family: Araliaceae
Local name: Chauta jaro
Active Constituents:Terpenoids , vitamins (B1, B2,
B12, panthotenic
acid, biotin), fats, minerals , Volatile oils.
Therapeutics uses:Corticosteroid-like activity ,
Hypoglycemic activity , Cardiovascular activity ,
Antiviral activity, for neurasthenia,
neuralgia, insomnia, hypotonia, and specifically for
depressive
states associated with sexual inadequacy.
DOSE : 0.4–0.8 g root daily. Doses may be taken
continuously.
Panax ginseng
Source: Panax ginseng is the root of plants in the
genus Panax, such as Korean ginseng, South China
ginseng, and American ginseng, typically
characterized by the presence of ginsenosides and
gintonin.
Family: Araliaceae
Local name: Chauta jaro
Active Constituents:Terpenoids , vitamins (B1, B2,
B12, panthotenic
acid, biotin), fats, minerals , Volatile oils.
Therapeutics uses:Corticosteroid-like activity ,
Hypoglycemic activity , Cardiovascular activity ,
Antiviral activity, for neurasthenia,
neuralgia, insomnia, hypotonia, and specifically for
depressive
states associated with sexual inadequacy.
DOSE : 0.4–0.8 g root daily. Doses may be taken
continuously.
Eugenia caryophyllusEugenia caryophyllus
Syzygium aromaticum
Source: Cloves
are the aromatic flower buds of a
tree
in the family Myrtaceae, Syzygium
aromaticum.
They are native to the Maluku Islands
in
Indonesia, and are commonly used as a spice.
Cloves
are available throughout the year owing to
different
harvest seasons in different countries
Family: Myrtaceae
Local name: Laung
Active Constituents:Volatile oils Clove bud oil
–Eugenol, Campesterol, kaempferol,
lipids, oleanolic acid, rhamnetin, sitosterol,
stigmasterol and vitamins.
Therapeutics uses: Antihistaminic and
antispasmodic properties , carminative, anti-
emetic, toothache remedy and counter-irritant.
DOSE : 120–300 mg
Syzygium aromaticum
Source: Cloves
are the aromatic flower buds of a
tree
in the family Myrtaceae, Syzygium
aromaticum.
They are native to the Maluku Islands
in
Indonesia, and are commonly used as a spice.
Cloves
are available throughout the year owing to
different
harvest seasons in different countries
Family: Myrtaceae
Local name: Laung
Active Constituents:Volatile oils Clove bud oil
–Eugenol, Campesterol, kaempferol,
lipids, oleanolic acid, rhamnetin, sitosterol,
stigmasterol and vitamins.
Therapeutics uses: Antihistaminic and
antispasmodic properties , carminative, anti-
emetic, toothache remedy and counter-irritant.
DOSE : 120–300 mg
Urtica dioicaUrtica dioica
Urtica dioica
Source: Urtica dioica, often known as common
nettle, stinging nettle or nettle leaf, or just a nettle or
stinger, is a herbaceous perennial flowering plant.
Originally native to Europe, much of temperate Asia
and western North Africa, it is now found
worldwide, including New Zealand and North
America.
Family: Urticaceae.
Local name: Patley Sisnu
Active Constituents: Acids, Amines , Flavonoids ,
Inorganics , Lignans , bsitosterol and tannin
Therapeutics uses: Antihaemorrhagic and
hypoglycemic properties. supportive therapy for
rheumatic ailments and as irrigation therapy for
inflammatory disease of the lower urinary tract and
prevention of kidney gravel; internal and external
use for rheumatic ailments.
DOSE: 2–4 g as an infusion three times
daily
Urtica dioica
Source: Urtica dioica, often known as common
nettle, stinging nettle or nettle leaf, or just a nettle or
stinger, is a herbaceous perennial flowering plant.
Originally native to Europe, much of temperate Asia
and western North Africa, it is now found
worldwide, including New Zealand and North
America.
Family: Urticaceae.
Local name: Patley Sisnu
Active Constituents: Acids, Amines , Flavonoids ,
Inorganics , Lignans , bsitosterol and tannin
Therapeutics uses: Antihaemorrhagic and
hypoglycemic properties. supportive therapy for
rheumatic ailments and as irrigation therapy for
inflammatory disease of the lower urinary tract and
prevention of kidney gravel; internal and external
use for rheumatic ailments.
DOSE: 2–4 g as an infusion three times
daily
Tinospora cordifolia Tinospora cordifolia
Tinospora cordifolia
Source: Tinospora cordifolia is a herbaceous
vine of the family Menispermaceae indigenous
to tropical regions of the Indian subcontinent.
It has been in use for centuries in traditional
medicine to treat various disorders.
Family: Menispermaceae
Local name: Gurjo
Active Constituents: Active compounds
11-
hydroxymustakone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone,
N- formylannonain, cordifolioside A,
magnoflorine, tinocordiside and syringin
Therapeutics uses: Treatment of
fever,
jaundice, chronic diarrhea, cancer, dysentery,
bone fracture, pain, asthuma, skin disease,
poisonous insect, snake bite, eye disorders.
Tinospora cordifolia
Source: Tinospora cordifolia is a herbaceous
vine of the family Menispermaceae indigenous
to tropical regions of the Indian subcontinent.
It has been in use for centuries in traditional
medicine to treat various disorders.
Family: Menispermaceae
Local name: Gurjo
Active Constituents: Active compounds
11-
hydroxymustakone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone,
N- formylannonain, cordifolioside A,
magnoflorine, tinocordiside and syringin
Therapeutics uses: Treatment of
fever,
jaundice, chronic diarrhea, cancer, dysentery,
bone fracture, pain, asthuma, skin disease,
poisonous insect, snake bite, eye disorders.
Tupistra nutans Tupistra nutans
Tupistra
nutans
Source: Tupistra
nutans
is a genus of about 20
species of flowering plants found in south Asia,
from southern China to Sumatra and Ambon
Island
Family: Liliaceae
Local name: Nakima
Active Constituents: l-phenylalanine,
protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, p-
hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric
acid, ferulic acid and salicylic acid
Therapeutics uses: Treatment of
problem like
cancer and diabetes, locally uses during body
ache and weakness.
Tupistra
nutans
Source: Tupistra
nutans
is a genus of about 20
species of flowering plants found in south Asia,
from southern China to Sumatra and Ambon
Island
Family: Liliaceae
Local name: Nakima
Active Constituents: l-phenylalanine,
protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, p-
hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric
acid, ferulic acid and salicylic acid
Therapeutics uses: Treatment of
problem like
cancer and diabetes, locally uses during body
ache and weakness.
Viscum albumViscum album
Viscum album
Source: Viscum album is a species of mistletoe,
commonly known as European mistletoe, common
mistletoe or simply as mistletoe. It is native to
Europe and western and southern Asia. Viscum
album is a hemiparasite on several species of trees,
from which it draws water and nutrients
Family: Santalaceae
Local name: Harchur
Active Constituents: Glycoproteins (lectins and
VA chitinbinding agglutinin -VisalbCBA),
polypeptides (viscotoxins), polysaccharides
(arabinogalactans), thiols (glutathione), avonoids
(quercetin derivates)
and triterpenes (oleanolic acid,
ursolic acid and betulinic acid).
Therapeutics uses: Used to treat
fatigue,
nervousness, insomnia, agitation, panic attacks and
decreased immunity; also used in the treatment of
cancers, hypertension and arthritis. In Bone
fracture and body ache.
Viscum album
Source: Viscum album is a species of mistletoe,
commonly known as European mistletoe, common
mistletoe or simply as mistletoe. It is native to
Europe and western and southern Asia. Viscum
album is a hemiparasite on several species of trees,
from which it draws water and nutrients
Family: Santalaceae
Local name: Harchur
Active Constituents: Glycoproteins (lectins and
VA chitinbinding agglutinin -VisalbCBA),
polypeptides (viscotoxins), polysaccharides
(arabinogalactans), thiols (glutathione), avonoids
(quercetin derivates)
and triterpenes (oleanolic acid,
ursolic acid and betulinic acid).
Therapeutics uses: Used to treat
fatigue,
nervousness, insomnia, agitation, panic attacks and
decreased immunity; also used in the treatment of
cancers, hypertension and arthritis. In Bone
fracture and body ache.
Cissus quadrangularisCissus quadrangularis
Cissus quadrangularis
Source: Cissus quadrangularis
is a perennial
plant of the grape family.
Family: Vitaceae
Local name: Hadjod
Active Constituents:
6-O-[2,3-dimethoxy]-
trans-cinnamoyl catalpol and 6-O-meta-
methoxy-benzoyl catalpol along with a known
iridoid picroside, two stilbenes quadrangularin
A and pallidol, quercitin, quercitrin, beta-
sitosterol and beta-sitosterol
glycoside.
Therapeutics uses: Used for
diabetes, obesity,
high cholesterol, bone fractures, allergies,
cancer, stomach upset, painful menstrual
periods, asthma, malaria, wound healing,
peptic ulcer disease, weak bones, weak bones
(osteoporosis) and as body building
supplements as an alternative to anabolic
steroids.
Cissus quadrangularis
Source: Cissus quadrangularis
is a perennial
plant of the grape family.
Family: Vitaceae
Local name: Hadjod
Active Constituents:
6-O-[2,3-dimethoxy]-
trans-cinnamoyl catalpol and 6-O-meta-
methoxy-benzoyl catalpol along with a known
iridoid picroside, two stilbenes quadrangularin
A and pallidol, quercitin, quercitrin, beta-
sitosterol and beta-sitosterol
glycoside.
Therapeutics uses: Used for
diabetes, obesity,
high cholesterol, bone fractures, allergies,
cancer, stomach upset, painful menstrual
periods, asthma, malaria, wound healing,
peptic ulcer disease, weak bones, weak bones
(osteoporosis) and as body building
supplements as an alternative to anabolic
steroids.
Carica papaya Carica papaya
Carica papaya
Source: Carica papaya is a genus of
flowering plants, a widely cultivated fruit
tree native to the American tropics.
Family: Caricaceae
Local name: Mewa
Active Constituents: Papain,
chymopapain, cystatin, α-tocopherol,
ascorbic acid, flavonoids, cyanogenic
glucosides
Therapeutics uses: Taken by
mouth for
cancer, diabetes, a viral infection called
human papilloma virus (HPV), dengue
fever, and aborption.
Carica papaya
Source: Carica papaya is a genus of
flowering plants, a widely cultivated fruit
tree native to the American tropics.
Family: Caricaceae
Local name: Mewa
Active Constituents: Papain,
chymopapain, cystatin, α-tocopherol,
ascorbic acid, flavonoids, cyanogenic
glucosides
Therapeutics uses: Taken by
mouth for
cancer, diabetes, a viral infection called
human papilloma virus (HPV), dengue
fever, and aborption.
Ananas comosusAnanas comosus
Ananas comosus
Source: Ananas comosus is a tropical plant with an
edible fruit and The pineapple is indigenous
to
South America,
where it has been cultivated for
many centuries.
Family: Bromeliaceae
Local name: Bhui Katar
Active Constituents: Bromelin, vitamin C, β-
carotene, phenolic compounds and flavonoids,
dietary fiber, minerals, and nutrients.
Therapeutics uses: Therapeutic benefits
like the
treatment of angina pectoris, bronchitis, sinusitis,
surgical trauma, thrombophlebitis, debridement of
wounds, and enhanced absorption of drugs,
particularly antibiotics. It also relieves
osteoarthritis, diarrhea, and various cardiovascular
disorders. Bromelain also possesses some
anticancerous activities and promotes apoptotic cell
death.
Ananas comosus
Source: Ananas comosus is a tropical plant with an
edible fruit and The pineapple is indigenous
to
South America,
where it has been cultivated for
many centuries.
Family: Bromeliaceae
Local name: Bhui Katar
Active Constituents: Bromelin, vitamin C, β-
carotene, phenolic compounds and flavonoids,
dietary fiber, minerals, and nutrients.
Therapeutics uses: Therapeutic benefits
like the
treatment of angina pectoris, bronchitis, sinusitis,
surgical trauma, thrombophlebitis, debridement of
wounds, and enhanced absorption of drugs,
particularly antibiotics. It also relieves
osteoarthritis, diarrhea, and various cardiovascular
disorders. Bromelain also possesses some
anticancerous activities and promotes apoptotic cell
death.
Ferula asafoetidaFerula asafoetida
Ferula asafoetida
Source: Asafoetida is a monoecious,
herbaceous, perennial aromatic plant consists
of rhizome, rootstock or taproot of varied
plant species of genus Ferula.
Family: Apiaceae
Local name: Hing
Active Constituents: Volatile oil, resin, gum,
Therapeutics uses: Treatment of
hysteria, some
nervous conditions, bronchitis, asthma and
whooping cough. It was at one time employed
in the treatment of infantile pneumonia and
flatulent colic. The gum resin is antispasmodic,
carminative, expectorant, laxative, and
sedative.
Ferula asafoetida
Source: Asafoetida is a monoecious,
herbaceous, perennial aromatic plant consists
of rhizome, rootstock or taproot of varied
plant species of genus Ferula.
Family: Apiaceae
Local name: Hing
Active Constituents: Volatile oil, resin, gum,
Therapeutics uses: Treatment of
hysteria, some
nervous conditions, bronchitis, asthma and
whooping cough. It was at one time employed
in the treatment of infantile pneumonia and
flatulent colic. The gum resin is antispasmodic,
carminative, expectorant, laxative, and
sedative.
Commiphora molmolCommiphora molmol
Commiphora molmol
Source: Commiphora molmol is a gum resin
obtained from the stem part.
Family: Burscraceae
Local name: Murk/Sugand ras
Active Constituents: α-Terpinene, α-Cubebene,
α-Copaene, β-Bourbonene, curzerene,
Furanoeudesma 1,3-diene and menthofuran.
Therapeutics uses: Used to make medicine.
Myrrh is used for
indigestion, ulcers, colds,
cough, asthma, lung congestion, arthritis pain,
cancer, leprosy, spasms, and syphilis. It is also
used as a stimulant and to increase menstrual
flow.
Commiphora molmol
Source: Commiphora molmol is a gum resin
obtained from the stem part.
Family: Burscraceae
Local name: Murk/Sugand ras
Active Constituents: α-Terpinene, α-Cubebene,
α-Copaene, β-Bourbonene, curzerene,
Furanoeudesma 1,3-diene and menthofuran.
Therapeutics uses: Used to make medicine.
Myrrh is used for
indigestion, ulcers, colds,
cough, asthma, lung congestion, arthritis pain,
cancer, leprosy, spasms, and syphilis. It is also
used as a stimulant and to increase menstrual
flow.
Taxus baccataTaxus baccata
Taxus baccata
Source: Taxus baccata
is a species of
evergreen tree native to western,
central and southern Europe
Family: Taxaceae
Local name: Dhengra salla
Active Constituents: Taxoids
viz.
taxusin, baccatin, baccatin, lignans,
flavanoids, steroids, paclitaxel and
sugar derivatives.
Therapeutics uses:
Treating common
cold, cough, fever, and pain, potent
anti-cancer.
Taxus baccata
Source: Taxus baccata
is a species of
evergreen tree native to western,
central and southern Europe
Family: Taxaceae
Local name: Dhengra salla
Active Constituents: Taxoids
viz.
taxusin, baccatin, baccatin, lignans,
flavanoids, steroids, paclitaxel and
sugar derivatives.
Therapeutics uses:
Treating common
cold, cough, fever, and pain, potent
anti-cancer.
Gentiana luteaGentiana lutea
Gentiana lutea
Source: Gentian consists of the
dried
fermented roots and rhizomes
of
Gentiana
lutea, the yellow gentian.
Family: Gentianaceae
Local name: Karu
Active Constituents: Gentiopicroside, loganic
acid, secoiridoids, xanthones, gentiopicrin,
sweroside, amaroswerin.
Therapeutics uses: Used for
digestion
problems
such as loss of appetite, bloating,
diarrhea, and heartburn. It is also used for
fever and to prevent muscle spasms. Gentian is
applied to the skin for treating wounds and
cancer.
Gentiana lutea
Source: Gentian consists of the
dried
fermented roots and rhizomes
of
Gentiana
lutea, the yellow gentian.
Family: Gentianaceae
Local name: Karu
Active Constituents: Gentiopicroside, loganic
acid, secoiridoids, xanthones, gentiopicrin,
sweroside, amaroswerin.
Therapeutics uses: Used for
digestion
problems
such as loss of appetite, bloating,
diarrhea, and heartburn. It is also used for
fever and to prevent muscle spasms. Gentian is
applied to the skin for treating wounds and
cancer.
Plectranthus barbatusPlectranthus barbatus
Plectranthus barbatus
Source: Plectranthus barbatus is a
perennial shrub that is thought to
have
originated in Africa and is used as
a medicinal plant to treat a wide range
of disorders.
Family:
Lamiaceae
Local name: Gandhe Jhar
Active Constituents:
Abietane
diterpenoids and 8,13-epoxy-labd-14-
en-11-one diterpenoids
Therapeutics uses: Used to
treat
gastritis and intestinal spasms, nausea,
stomach ache, and as a purgative.
Plectranthus barbatus
Source: Plectranthus barbatus is a
perennial shrub that is thought to
have
originated in Africa and is used as
a medicinal plant to treat a wide range
of disorders.
Family:
Lamiaceae
Local name: Gandhe Jhar
Active Constituents:
Abietane
diterpenoids and 8,13-epoxy-labd-14-
en-11-one diterpenoids
Therapeutics uses: Used to
treat
gastritis and intestinal spasms, nausea,
stomach ache, and as a purgative.
Medicago sativaMedicago sativa
Medicago sativa
Source: Alfalfa, (Medicago sativa), also called
lucerne or purple medic, perennial, cloverlike,
leguminous plant.
Family: Fabaceae
Local name: Alfalfa
Active Constituents: Proteins, carbohydrates,
saponins, lignin, phenolic compounds, tannins,
alkaloids triterpene glycosides, carotenoids, sterols,
phytoestrogens, flavones, isoflavonoids and phenolic
compounds.
Therapeutics uses: Used traditionally for the
treatment of
arthritis, kidney problems, fever, as
diuretic, anti-cancer, anti-rheumatic, cardiotonic,
depurative, lactagogue, emmenagogue, antiscorbutic
and in the treatment of boils.
Leaves and sprouts were also consumed as vegetable
salad.
Medicago sativa
Source: Alfalfa, (Medicago sativa), also called
lucerne or purple medic, perennial, cloverlike,
leguminous plant.
Family: Fabaceae
Local name: Alfalfa
Active Constituents: Proteins, carbohydrates,
saponins, lignin, phenolic compounds, tannins,
alkaloids triterpene glycosides, carotenoids, sterols,
phytoestrogens, flavones, isoflavonoids and phenolic
compounds.
Therapeutics uses: Used traditionally for the
treatment of
arthritis, kidney problems, fever, as
diuretic, anti-cancer, anti-rheumatic, cardiotonic,
depurative, lactagogue, emmenagogue, antiscorbutic
and in the treatment of boils.
Leaves and sprouts were also consumed as vegetable
salad.
Phyllanthus emblicaPhyllanthus emblica
Phyllanthus emblica
Source: Phyllanthus
emblica, also known as
emblic,
emblic myrobalan, myrobalan,
Indian gooseberry,
Malacca tree, or amla, from
the
Sanskrit amalaki, is a deciduous tree
Family: Phyllanthaceae.
Local name: Amala
Active Constituents: octadecanoic acid, octadecanoic
acid, octadecanoic acid, hexadecenoic acid,
octadecanoic acid, octadecanal, 9,12-octadecanoic
acid, 3-eicosyne, 1-hexadecenoic acid, 11-tetradecen-
1-ol, 2-furanmethanol.
Therapeutics uses:
Treatment of diarrhea,
jaundice,
and inflammation. Various plant parts
show
antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, antibacterial,
antioxidant,
antiulcerogenic, hepatoprotective,
gastroprotective,
and chemopreventive properties.
Improves
Immunity, Hair Care, Reduces Stress,
Eye
Care, Respiratory Health, Treats Anemia,
Blood
Purifier, Diuretic.
Phyllanthus emblica
Source: Phyllanthus
emblica, also known as
emblic,
emblic myrobalan, myrobalan,
Indian gooseberry,
Malacca tree, or amla, from
the
Sanskrit amalaki, is a deciduous tree
Family: Phyllanthaceae.
Local name: Amala
Active Constituents: octadecanoic acid, octadecanoic
acid, octadecanoic acid, hexadecenoic acid,
octadecanoic acid, octadecanal, 9,12-octadecanoic
acid, 3-eicosyne, 1-hexadecenoic acid, 11-tetradecen-
1-ol, 2-furanmethanol.
Therapeutics uses:
Treatment of diarrhea,
jaundice,
and inflammation. Various plant parts
show
antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, antibacterial,
antioxidant,
antiulcerogenic, hepatoprotective,
gastroprotective,
and chemopreventive properties.
Improves
Immunity, Hair Care, Reduces Stress,
Eye
Care, Respiratory Health, Treats Anemia,
Blood
Purifier, Diuretic.
Withania somniferaWithania somnifera
Withania somnifera
Source: Withania somnifera, known commonly as
ashwagandha, Indian ginseng, poison gooseberry, or
winter cherry, is an annual evergreen shrub or
nightshade family that grows in India, the Middle
East, and parts of Africa.
Family: Solanaceae
Local name: Ashwagandha
Active Constituents: Alkaloids (isopelletierine,
anaferine, cuseohygrine, anahygrine, steroidal
lactones (withanolides, withaferins) and saponins,
Sitoindosides and acylsterylglucosides
Therapeutics uses:
Treating a wide variety of
illnesses including
asthma, diabetes, hypertension,
stress, arthritic diseases, and cancer.
Withania somnifera
Source: Withania somnifera, known commonly as
ashwagandha, Indian ginseng, poison gooseberry, or
winter cherry, is an annual evergreen shrub or
nightshade family that grows in India, the Middle
East, and parts of Africa.
Family: Solanaceae
Local name: Ashwagandha
Active Constituents: Alkaloids (isopelletierine,
anaferine, cuseohygrine, anahygrine, steroidal
lactones (withanolides, withaferins) and saponins,
Sitoindosides and acylsterylglucosides
Therapeutics uses:
Treating a wide variety of
illnesses including
asthma, diabetes, hypertension,
stress, arthritic diseases, and cancer.
Bacopa monneriBacopa monneri
Bacopa monnieri
Source: Bacopa monnieri is a perennial, creeping herb
native to the wetlands of southern and Eastern India,
Australia, Europe, Africa, Asia, and North and South
America. It is known by the common names water hyssop,
waterhyssop, brahmi, thyme-leafed gratiola, herb of grace,
and Indian pennywort.
Family: Plantaginaceae.
Local name: Brahmi
Active Constituents: Monnieri contains
alkaloid brahmine,
nicotinine, herpestine, bacosides A and B, saponins A,
B
and C, triterpenoid saponins, stigmastanol,
β-sitosterol,
betulinic acid, D-mannitol, stigmasterol, α-alanine, aspartic
acid, glutamic acid, and serine and pseudojujubogenin
glycoside.
Therapeutics uses: Improving memory, reducing anxiety,
and
treating epilepsy ( 2 ). In fact, research shows that it
may boost brain function and alleviate anxiety and stress,
among other benefits.
Bacopa monnieri
Source: Bacopa monnieri is a perennial, creeping herb
native to the wetlands of southern and Eastern India,
Australia, Europe, Africa, Asia, and North and South
America. It is known by the common names water hyssop,
waterhyssop, brahmi, thyme-leafed gratiola, herb of grace,
and Indian pennywort.
Family: Plantaginaceae.
Local name: Brahmi
Active Constituents: Monnieri contains
alkaloid brahmine,
nicotinine, herpestine, bacosides A and B, saponins A,
B
and C, triterpenoid saponins, stigmastanol,
β-sitosterol,
betulinic acid, D-mannitol, stigmasterol, α-alanine, aspartic
acid, glutamic acid, and serine and pseudojujubogenin
glycoside.
Therapeutics uses: Improving memory, reducing anxiety,
and
treating epilepsy ( 2 ). In fact, research shows that it
may boost brain function and alleviate anxiety and stress,
among other benefits.
Thymus vulgarisThymus vulgaris
Thymus vulgaris
Source: Thymus vulgaris is a species of
flowering plant, native to southern Europe
from the western Mediterranean to southern
Italy.
Family: Lamiaceae
Local name: Thyme
Active Constituents: Essential oil containing
monoterpenes including
thymol, carvacrol,
thymol methyl ether.
Therapeutics uses: Used since ancient times to
achieve healing,
cure chest congestion, and
induce saliva; the fresh leaves are taken to
relieve sore throats. The plant is also used as
an effective remedy for chest infections
(bronchitis, pharyngitis, whooping cough) as
well as to treat worms in children.
Thymus vulgaris
Source: Thymus vulgaris is a species of
flowering plant, native to southern Europe
from the western Mediterranean to southern
Italy.
Family: Lamiaceae
Local name: Thyme
Active Constituents: Essential oil containing
monoterpenes including
thymol, carvacrol,
thymol methyl ether.
Therapeutics uses: Used since ancient times to
achieve healing,
cure chest congestion, and
induce saliva; the fresh leaves are taken to
relieve sore throats. The plant is also used as
an effective remedy for chest infections
(bronchitis, pharyngitis, whooping cough) as
well as to treat worms in children.
Lawsonia inermisLawsonia inermis
Lawsonia inermis
Source: It is the
source of the dye henna used to dye
skin, hair and fingernails, as well as fabrics
including silk, wool and leather.
Family: Lythraceae
Local name: Heena plant
Active Constituents: Carbohydrates, phenolic,
flavonoids, saponins, proteins, alkaloids, terpenoids,
quinones, coumarins, xanthones, fat, resin and
tannins. It also contained 2-hydroxy-1,4-
naphthoquinone (lawsone)
Therapeutics uses: Antioxidant, antimicrobial,
antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory,
antiparasitic, antidermatophytic properties,
anticancer, antiviral,
wound healing,
immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective,
tuberculostatic, antifertility, protein glycation
inhibitor properties.
Lawsonia inermis
Source: It is the
source of the dye henna used to dye
skin, hair and fingernails, as well as fabrics
including silk, wool and leather.
Family: Lythraceae
Local name: Heena plant
Active Constituents: Carbohydrates, phenolic,
flavonoids, saponins, proteins, alkaloids, terpenoids,
quinones, coumarins, xanthones, fat, resin and
tannins. It also contained 2-hydroxy-1,4-
naphthoquinone (lawsone)
Therapeutics uses: Antioxidant, antimicrobial,
antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory,
antiparasitic, antidermatophytic properties,
anticancer, antiviral,
wound healing,
immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective,
tuberculostatic, antifertility, protein glycation
inhibitor properties.
Stevia
rebaudiana
Stevia
rebaudiana
Stevia
rebaudiana
Source: Stevia
rebaudiana
is a genus of
plants native to South America. Its
common names, sweet leaf and sugar
leaf, suggest its tastiness
Family: Asteraceae
Local name: Stevia
Active Constituents: Steviol glycosides,
such as stevioside and rebaudioside A,
used as artificial sweeteners and 100–
300 times sweeter than sucrose.
Therapeutics uses: Steviol glycosides,
such as stevioside and rebaudioside A,
used as artificial sweeteners and 100–
300 times sweeter than sucrose.
rebaudiana
Stevia
rebaudiana
Stevia
rebaudiana
Source: Stevia
rebaudiana
is a genus of
plants native to South America. Its
common names, sweet leaf and sugar
leaf, suggest its tastiness
Family: Asteraceae
Local name: Stevia
Active Constituents: Steviol glycosides,
such as stevioside and rebaudioside A,
used as artificial sweeteners and 100–
300 times sweeter than sucrose.
Therapeutics uses: Steviol glycosides,
such as stevioside and rebaudioside A,
used as artificial sweeteners and 100–
300 times sweeter than sucrose.
Santalum albumSantalum album
Santalum album
Source: Santalum album, or Indian
sandalwood, is a small tropical tree, and the
traditional source of
sandalwood oil. It is
native to southern India and Southeast Asia.
Family: Santalaceae
Local name: Sandal wood
Active Constituents: α-Santalol and β-santalol
and santenone.
Therapeutics uses:
Treating the common cold,
cough, bronchitis, fever, and sore mouth and
throat. It is also used to treat urinary tract
infections (UTIs), liver disease, gallbladder
problems, heatstroke, gonorrhea, headache,
and conditions of the heart and blood vessels
(cardiovascular disease).
Santalum album
Source: Santalum album, or Indian
sandalwood, is a small tropical tree, and the
traditional source of
sandalwood oil. It is
native to southern India and Southeast Asia.
Family: Santalaceae
Local name: Sandal wood
Active Constituents: α-Santalol and β-santalol
and santenone.
Therapeutics uses:
Treating the common cold,
cough, bronchitis, fever, and sore mouth and
throat. It is also used to treat urinary tract
infections (UTIs), liver disease, gallbladder
problems, heatstroke, gonorrhea, headache,
and conditions of the heart and blood vessels
(cardiovascular disease).
Crocus sativusCrocus sativus
Crocus sativus
Source: Crocus sativus, commonly known as saffron
crocus, or autumn crocus, is a species of flowering
plant of the Crocus genus. It is best known for
producing the spice saffron from the filaments that
grow inside the flower.
Family: Iridaceae
Local name: Kesar
Active Constituents: Sativus are
carotenoids (e.g.,
crocetin, crocins, α-carotene, lycopene, zeaxanthin),
monoterpene aldehydes (e.g., picrocrocin and
safranal), monoterpenoids (e.g., crocusatines),
isophorones, and flavonoids.
Therapeutics uses: Commonly used for
depression,
anxiety, Alzheimer disease, menstrual
cramps
(dysmenorrhea), and premenstrual
syndrome.
Crocus sativus
Source: Crocus sativus, commonly known as saffron
crocus, or autumn crocus, is a species of flowering
plant of the Crocus genus. It is best known for
producing the spice saffron from the filaments that
grow inside the flower.
Family: Iridaceae
Local name: Kesar
Active Constituents: Sativus are
carotenoids (e.g.,
crocetin, crocins, α-carotene, lycopene, zeaxanthin),
monoterpene aldehydes (e.g., picrocrocin and
safranal), monoterpenoids (e.g., crocusatines),
isophorones, and flavonoids.
Therapeutics uses: Commonly used for
depression,
anxiety, Alzheimer disease, menstrual
cramps
(dysmenorrhea), and premenstrual
syndrome.
Hypericum perforatumHypericum perforatum
Hypericum perforatum
Source: Hypericum perforatum, known as
perforate St John's-wort, is a
flowering plant
and the type species of the genus Hypericum.
Family: Hypericaceae
Local name: Yurilo
Active Constituents: Phenylpropanes, flavonol
derivatives, biflavones, proanthocyanidins,
xanthones, phloroglucinols, some amino acids,
naphthodianthrones.
Therapeutics uses: Dietary supplement for
treating various nervous system related
disorders. It overcome anxiety, mild to
moderate depression, mood disorders and
stress due to the presence of vast number of
bioactive compounds.
Hypericum perforatum
Source: Hypericum perforatum, known as
perforate St John's-wort, is a
flowering plant
and the type species of the genus Hypericum.
Family: Hypericaceae
Local name: Yurilo
Active Constituents: Phenylpropanes, flavonol
derivatives, biflavones, proanthocyanidins,
xanthones, phloroglucinols, some amino acids,
naphthodianthrones.
Therapeutics uses: Dietary supplement for
treating various nervous system related
disorders. It overcome anxiety, mild to
moderate depression, mood disorders and
stress due to the presence of vast number of
bioactive compounds.
Piper methysticumPiper methysticum
Piper methysticum
Source: Kava
is a beverage or extract
that is made from
Piper methysticum, a
plant native to the western Pacific islands.
Family: Piperaceae
Local name: kava
Active Constituents: Kawain, 7,8-
dihydrokawain, 5,6-dehydrokawain,
methysticin, dihydromethysticin, and
yangonin
Therapeutics uses: Used in traditional
medicine to
treat fever, respiratory
problems, convulsion, and urogenital
problems.
Piper methysticum
Source: Kava
is a beverage or extract
that is made from
Piper methysticum, a
plant native to the western Pacific islands.
Family: Piperaceae
Local name: kava
Active Constituents: Kawain, 7,8-
dihydrokawain, 5,6-dehydrokawain,
methysticin, dihydromethysticin, and
yangonin
Therapeutics uses: Used in traditional
medicine to
treat fever, respiratory
problems, convulsion, and urogenital
problems.
Illicium verumIllicium verum
Illicium verum
Source: Illicium verum a fruit commonly
known as star anise, is native to
southwest
China and Vietnam
and is mainly distributed
in the tropical and subtropical areas of Asia.
Family: Schisandraceae
Local name: Star Anise
Active Constituents: Essential oil. trans-
anethole, limonene, chavicol , and
anisaldehyde.
Therapeutics uses: Antioxidant,
antimicrobial,
antifungal, anthelmintic,
insecticidal, secretolytic, antinociceptive, anti-
inflammatory, gastroprotective, sedative
properties, expectorant and spasmolytic, and
estrogenic effects.
Illicium verum
Source: Illicium verum a fruit commonly
known as star anise, is native to
southwest
China and Vietnam
and is mainly distributed
in the tropical and subtropical areas of Asia.
Family: Schisandraceae
Local name: Star Anise
Active Constituents: Essential oil. trans-
anethole, limonene, chavicol , and
anisaldehyde.
Therapeutics uses: Antioxidant,
antimicrobial,
antifungal, anthelmintic,
insecticidal, secretolytic, antinociceptive, anti-
inflammatory, gastroprotective, sedative
properties, expectorant and spasmolytic, and
estrogenic effects.
Claviceps pupureaClaviceps pupurea
Claviceps puprea
Source: Ergot
is the dried sclerotium of
a fungus, Claviceps pupurea, arising in
the ovary of the rye
Family: Clavicipitaceae
Local name: Ergot
Active Constituents: Ergometrine and
ergometrinine
are both water soluble
chemical constituents of ergot.
Ergotamine,ergotaminine, ergosinine
and ergosine.
Therapeutics uses: Used to
treat severe,
throbbing headaches, such as migraine
and cluster headaches.
Claviceps puprea
Source: Ergot
is the dried sclerotium of
a fungus, Claviceps pupurea, arising in
the ovary of the rye
Family: Clavicipitaceae
Local name: Ergot
Active Constituents: Ergometrine and
ergometrinine
are both water soluble
chemical constituents of ergot.
Ergotamine,ergotaminine, ergosinine
and ergosine.
Therapeutics uses: Used to
treat severe,
throbbing headaches, such as migraine
and cluster headaches.
Adhatoda vasicaAdhatoda vasica
Adhatoda vasica
Source: It consists of dried as well as fresh
leaves of the plant Adhatoda vasica.
Family: Acanthaceae
Local name: Vasaka
Active Constituents: Vasicine, vasicol,
vasicinone.
Therapeutics uses: Ureating
bronchitis,
tuberculosis and other lung and bronchiole
disorders. A decoction of the leaves of Vasaka
may be used to help with cough and other
symptoms of colds. The soothing action helps
irritation in the throat and the expectorant will
help loosen phlegm deposits in the airway.
Adhatoda vasica
Source: It consists of dried as well as fresh
leaves of the plant Adhatoda vasica.
Family: Acanthaceae
Local name: Vasaka
Active Constituents: Vasicine, vasicol,
vasicinone.
Therapeutics uses: Ureating
bronchitis,
tuberculosis and other lung and bronchiole
disorders. A decoction of the leaves of Vasaka
may be used to help with cough and other
symptoms of colds. The soothing action helps
irritation in the throat and the expectorant will
help loosen phlegm deposits in the airway.
Nux vomicaNux vomica
Strychnos nux-vomica
Source: Strychnos nux-vomica, the strychnine tree,
also known as nux vomica, poison nut, semen
strychnos, and quaker buttons, is a deciduous tree
native to India and to southeast Asia. It is a medium-
sized tree that grows in open habitats. Its leaves are
ovate and 2–3.5 inches in size.
Family: Loganiaceae
Local name: Nux-vomica
Active Constituents:α-amyrin, vomicine, stearic acid,
β-sitosterol,vanillin, ethyl gallate,methyl
gallate,novacine,strychnine, daucosterol,brucine
chloromethochloride,loganic acid,strychnine
chloromethochloride,brucine,geniposideand loganin.
Therapeutics uses: Used for
diseases of the digestive
tract, disorders of the heart and circulatory system,
diseases of the eye, lung disease, nerve conditions,
depression, migraine headache, symptoms of
menopause, and a blood vessel disorder called
Raynaud's disease.
Strychnos nux-vomica
Source: Strychnos nux-vomica, the strychnine tree,
also known as nux vomica, poison nut, semen
strychnos, and quaker buttons, is a deciduous tree
native to India and to southeast Asia. It is a medium-
sized tree that grows in open habitats. Its leaves are
ovate and 2–3.5 inches in size.
Family: Loganiaceae
Local name: Nux-vomica
Active Constituents:α-amyrin, vomicine, stearic acid,
β-sitosterol,vanillin, ethyl gallate,methyl
gallate,novacine,strychnine, daucosterol,brucine
chloromethochloride,loganic acid,strychnine
chloromethochloride,brucine,geniposideand loganin.
Therapeutics uses: Used for
diseases of the digestive
tract, disorders of the heart and circulatory system,
diseases of the eye, lung disease, nerve conditions,
depression, migraine headache, symptoms of
menopause, and a blood vessel disorder called
Raynaud's disease.
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