Localization Technique

Oral Radiology
3rd stage
Localization Technique

1. Localization Technique
Muhammed M. Nasser

2. Localization Technique
Used to demonstrate the position of three dimensional
object by radiograph (two dimensional image)
Indications
Foreign
bodies.
Impacted
teeth.
Unerupted
teeth.
Retained
roots.
Salivary
stones.
Jawfractures.
Broken
needlesand
instruments.
Root
positions.
Filling
materials.
Methods Used to
Localize Objects
1. Right angle technique.
2. Tube shift technique (Clark’srule).
3. Stereo-radiography.
4. Use of radio-opaque media.

3. Right Angle Technique
(Miller’sright angle technique)
Heretwoprojections are takenat right angles to
eachother, whichhelpsto localizean objectin the
maxillaor mandible.

4. Tube Shift Technique
(Buccal Object Rule/ Clark’sRule)
Tworadiographsof the objectare taken:
* First, usingthe propertechnique and angulations
asprescribed.
* Second, changingthe direction of the central ray
eitherwitha differenthorizontal or vertical
angulation isused.
SLOBrule
(SameLingual + Opposite Buccal)
Whenthe dental structure or objectseenin the
second radiographappearsto have movedin the
samedirection as the shift of the position
indicatingdevice(PID), the structure or the object
in question issaidto bepositionedlingually.
But, if the objectappearsto have movedin a
direction opposite to the shift of the PID, thenthe
objectin question issaidto bepositionedbuccally.

5. Horizontal movement
In the diagram,
the buccal
(yellow) and
lingual (red)
objects of
interest are
superimposed on
each other
because the
beam is directed
perpendicular to
both of them and
they are in the
same relative
position
mesiodistallyand
vertically.Both
images are
located above the
second molar
Distal shift
In the diagram,
the tube headis
moveddistally
and the beamis
directedmesially.
On the
radiograph, the
buccal objectof
interest(yellow)
moves mesially
(opposite to tube
headmovement)
in relation to the
second molarand
the lingual object
of interest(red)
moves distally
(samedirection
as tube head) in
relation to the
second molar.
Mesialshift
In the diagram,
the tube head is
moved mesially
and the beam is
directed distally.
On the
radiograph, the
buccal object of
interest (yellow)
moves distally
(opposite to tube
head movement)
in relation to the
second molar and
the lingual object
of interest (red)
moves mesially
(same direction
as tube head) in
relation to the
second molar.

6. Vertical movement
In the diagram, the
buccal (yellow) and
lingual (red) objects
of interest are
superimposed on
each other because
the beam is
directed
perpendicular to
both of them and
they are in the
same relative
position
mesiodistallyand
vertically.
Both images are
superimposed over
the mandibular
second premolar.
Occlusal shift
In the diagram, the
tubeheadis moved
upward and the
beam is directed
downward. On the
radiograph, the
buccal object of
interest (yellow)
moves down
(opposite to
tubehead
movement) in
relation to the
second premolar
and the lingual
object of interest
(red) moves up
(same direction as
tubehead) in
relation to the
second premolar.
Gingival or
periapicalshift
In the diagram at
left, the tubehead
is moved
downward and the
beam is directed
upward. On the
radiograph, the
buccal object of
interest (yellow)
moves up (opposite
to tubehead
movement) in
relation to the
second premolar
and the lingual
object of interest
(red) moves down
(same direction as
tubehead) in
relation to the
second premolar.

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