Locomotor disabilities

This summarizes the various locomotor disabilities and their prevention

1. LOCOMOTOR
DISABILITIES
RincymolMathew
RincymolMathew, Assistant Professor, Mahatma Gandhi University,Kottayam

2. definition
Locomotordisability is a persons inability to
execute distinctive activities associated with
moving,bothhimself and objects,fromplace
to place and such inabilities resulting from
affliction of musculoskeletal or nervous
system.

3. IMPAIRMENT

4. IMPAIRMENT
DISABILITY

5. IMPAIRMENT
DISABILITY
HANDICAP

6. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE
PROBLEM
As per theCensus 2011, In India out of the 121 Cr
population, 2.68 Cr persons are 'disabled' which is
2.21% of the totalpopulation.
In the case of totalpopulation69% are from rural
areas while the remaining 31% resided in urban areas.

8. CAUSES
•I. Congenital and developmental
•Cerebral palsy
•Congenital talipes equinovarus
•Meningocele
•Phocomelias
•Congenital dislocation of hip

9. CAUSES
•II. ACQUIRED
INFECTIVE CAUSES
•Tuberculosis of spine and joints
•Chronic osteomyelitis
•Septic arthritis
•Acute poliomyelitis
•G.B Syndrome
•Leprosy
•Encephalitis
•AIDS

10. SPINAL TUBERCULOSIS
LEPROSY CURED

11. CAUSES
•TRAUMATIC CAUSES
•Road traffic accidents
•Fall from height
•Bullet injuries
•Violence
•Sports injuries
•Natural catastrophes

12. CAUSES
VASCULAR
•Cerebrovascular accident
•PVD
NEOPLASTIC
•Tumours of brain,spine and bone
METABOLIC
•Rickets
•Diabetic neuropathy
•Gout

13. PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE

14. DIABETIC FOOT ULCER

15. RICKETS

16. CAUSES
DEGENERATIVE
•Motor neuron disease
•Parkinsons disease
•Multiple sclerosis
•Arthritis
•Spondylosis

17. CAUSES
•MISCELLANEOUS
•Muscular dystrophies
•Lathyrism
•Iatrogenic

18. Locomotorimpairment may manifest as
•Paralysis or paresis
•Paraplegia-lower half of body
•Monoplegia-one limb
•Hemiplegia-one half of body
•Quadriplegia-all four limbs
•Amputations -loss of a limb
•Deformities-contractures

19. CTEV-Congenital
TalipesEquinovarus

20. PHOCOMELIA
A rare congenital deformity in which the hands or
feet are attached close to the trunk, the limbs being
grossly underdeveloped or absent.

21. CONTRACTURE
a condition of shortening
and hardening of muscles,
tendons, or other tissue,
often leading to deformity
and rigidity of joints.

22. prevention
•Primary
•Secondary
•Tertiary

23. Assessment for
•Muscle tone
•Extent of contracture or deformities
•Functional status of the affected limb
•Presence of sensory deficit
•Symptoms of complication

24. Management
Aims are,
•Prevention of disability
•Maximum reduction or elimination of
disability
•Training the person for rehabilitation

25. Management
Focus on
•Maintaining the range of movement of joints of
the affected limb
•Strengthening the normal muscles
•Regaining or improving the muscle power in the
weak muscles
•Restoring the function of extremity by
appropriate training
•Provision of external appliance , splint if required

26. LOWER LIMB
CONTRACTURE
SPLINT
DYNAMIC SPLINTING
FOR PALM AND WRIST

27. STATIC POSTERIOR
ELBOW SPLINT
STATIC WRIST-HAND -
FINGER POSITIONING
SPLINT

28. Specific interventions are required
when
•Motor weakness
•Spasticity
•Loss of sensation
•Pressure ulcers
•Deformities and contractures
•Amputation
•Neurogenicbladder or bowel
•Pain ……. Are present

29. AIDS AND APPLIANCES
1.ORTHOTICS
Provision of splints and appliances which improve the
function and appearance of the patient.
Orthosisis the appliance that is added to the patient,
to enable better use of that part of the body to which
it is fitted.
An orthosiscan be defined as an external orthopedic
appliance, either prefabricated or custom made, that
controls movement of specific body parts.

30. AIDS, APPLIANCES and
ASSISTIVE DEVICES
2.PROSTHETICS
Any artificial substitute for lost part of the body is called
a prosthetic.
Prosthesis replaces a missing part of the body.
Can be external or internal

31. AIDS AND APPLIANCES
•WALKING AIDS
•ELECTRONIC AIDS
•MOBILITY AIDS

32. AIDS AND APPLIANCES
•MOBILITY AIDS

33. AIDS AND APPLIANCES
ELECTRONIC AIDS

36. HOSPITAL BED
CUM
WHEEL CHAIR

37. CONVERTIBLE
TROLLEY-
WHEELCHAIR

38. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
•Physical rehabilitation
•Psychosocial rehabilitation
•Vocational rehabilitation