Loeffler boiler and its use in a process plant

Loeffler boiler

1. LOEFFLER
BOILER
PRESENTED BY:
BT20CME061 KALPESH M
BT20CME074 PRAVEEN JANGID

2. LOEFFLER BOILER
LOEFFLER BOILER IS THE IMPROVED
VERSION OF THE LAMONT BOILER.
IN LAMONT BOILER, A MAJOR PROBLEM
WAS EXPERIENCED WHICH IS THE SALT
AND SEDIMENT DEPOSITION IN THE
INNER SURFACE OF THE WATER TUBE
THROUGH WHICH WATER FLOWS.
THIS DEPOSITION OF SALT AND
SEDIMENT DECREASES THE HEAT
TRANSFER IN THE INNER SURFACE AREA
OF THE WATER TUBE.
LAMONT BOILERS ALSO HAVE
OVERHEATING PROBLEMS DUE TO THE
SALT DEPOSITS.

3. LOEFFLER BOILER
THESE PROBLEMS OF LAMONT BOILERS HAVE BEEN SOLVED WITH
THE LOEFFLER BOILER BY PREVENTING THE FLOW OF WATER IN
THE TUBES.
THE LOEFFLER BOILER IS AN INTERNALLY FIRED FURNACE WITH
FORCED CIRCULATION, HIGH PRESSURE AND WATER TUBE BOILER.
IN LOEFFLER BOILER, 75% OF SUPERHEATED STEAM IS USED TO
EVAPORATE THE WATER WITHIN THE EVAPORATOR DRUM AND
THE REMAINING 25% OF THE STEAM FROM THE SUPERHEATER IS
UTILIZED BY THE TURBINE.
STEAM CIRCULATING PUMP IS EMPLOYED TO CIRCULATE STEAM
INSIDE THE BOILER.

4. LOEFFLER BOILER
HIGH PRESSURE
FORCED CIRCULATION
WATER-TUBE BOILER
WORKING PRINCIPLE:
ITS MAIN WORKING PRINCIPLE IS TO EVAPORATE
THE FEED WATER USING SUPERHEATED STEAM
FROM THE SUPERHEATER.
THE HOT GASES FROM THE FURNACE ARE USED FOR
SUPERHEATING.
THE TOTAL PRODUCED SUPERHEAT STEAM IS USED
IN TWO WAYS.
75% - EVAPORATE THE WATER
25% - DRIVE THE PRIME MOVER OF THE TURBINE

5. CONSTRUCTION:
ECONOMISER:
ECONOMIZER IS USED TO HEATING THE
WATER BEFORE IT IS ENTERING INTO THE
DRUM
EVAPORATING DRUM:
THE FEED WATER IS TRANSFORMED INTO
SATURATED STEAM WITH THE HELP OF
SUPERHEATED STEAM IN THE SUPERHEATER.
STEAM CIRCULATING PUMP:
IT EXISTS BETWEEN EVAPORATING DRUMS
AND RADIANT SUPERHEATERS. IT TRANSMITS
STEAM IN THE BOILER.

6. CONSTRUCTION:
RADIANT SUPERHEATER:
IT SUPERHEATS STEAM BY THE METHOD OF
RADIATION GENERATED BY THE BURNT FUEL
IN THE BOILER.
CONVECTION SUPERHEATER:
IT SUPERHEATS STEAM BY THE METHOD OF
CONVECTION TO THE DESIRED TEMPERATURE
OF ABOUT 500° C.
MIXING NOZZLE:
IT MIXES THE STEAM AND FEED WATER FROM
THE SUPERHEATER AND EVAPORATES THEM.

7. CONSTRUCTION:
DRAIN:
IT IS OPEN WHEN THE SALTS AND SEDIMENTS
ARE SETTLED IN THE DRUM.
IT IS ALSO USED TO RELEASE THE WATER
WHEN CLEANING IS REQUIRED.
SAFETY VALVE:
A SAFETY VALVE IS PROVIDED TO RELEASE
EXCESS STEAM PRESENT IN THE VESSEL.

8. WORKING:
THE FEED WATER FROM THE ECONOMISER
TUBES IS FORCED TO MIX WITH THE
SUPERHEATED STEAM IN THE EVAPORATING
DRUM.
IN THE EVAPORATOR DRUMS, NOZZLES ARE
PROVIDED.
THE TWO-THIRDS (70%) OF SUPERHEATED
STEAM FROM THE SUPERHEATER ENTERS
INTO THE DRUM NOZZLES.
THIS CONVERTS THE FEED WATER INTO THE
SATURATED STEAM.
THE SATURATED STEAM, THUS FORMED, IS
DRAWN FROM THE EVAPORATING DRUM BY A
STEAM CIRCULATING PUMP.

9. WORKING:
THIS ALLOWS THE SATURATED STEAM TO
PASS THROUGH THE RADIANT
SUPERHEATERS.
IN RADIANT SUPERHEATER, IT SUPERHEATS
STEAM BY THE METHOD OF RADIATION
PRODUCED BY THE BURNT FUEL IN THE
BOILER.
HEAT TRANSFER TO WATER OCCURS
THROUGH THE RADIATION PRODUCED.
AFTER THE RADIANT SUPERHEATER, STEAM
IS ROUTED TO THE CONVECTION
SUPERHEATER.

10. WORKING:
IN THE CONVECTION SUPERHEATER, IT
SUPERHEATS STEAM BY THE METHOD OF
CONVECTION TO THE DESIRED
TEMPERATURE OF ABOUT 500° C
THIS STEAM THEN PASSES THROUGH
THE TUBES OF THE COMBUSTION
CHAMBER WALLS AND THEN ENTERS THE
SUPERHEATER.
FROM THE SUPERHEATER, ABOUT ONE-
THIRD (30%) OF THE SUPERHEATED
STEAM PASSES TO THE TURBINE AND
THE REMAINING TWO-THIRDS (70%) IS
USED TO EVAPORATE THE FEED WATER
IN THE EVAPORATING DRUM.

11. ADVANTAGES
01.
High efficiency: Loeffler boilers can achieve high efficiency due to their forced circulation
system, which ensures uniform heating and better steam quality.
02. Flexibility in fuel type: They can be designed to use various fuels such as coal, oil, or gas,
providing flexibility based on availability and cost.
03.
Compact design: Loeffler boilers typically have a compact design, making them suitable for
installations where space is limited.
04.
Reduced risk of tube overheating: The forced circulation system helps prevent overheating of
the tubes, increasing the boiler's durability.

12. DISADVANTAGES
01.
Complex design: Loeffler boilers have a more complex design compared to some other types
of boilers, which can result in higher initial costs and maintenance requirements.
02. High initial cost: The initial cost of installing a Loeffler boiler can be higher due to its
specialized design and construction.
03.
Strict water quality requirements: Loeffler boilers require high-quality feedwater to prevent
corrosion and scaling, which may necessitate additional water treatment systems.
04.
Limited steam capacity: Loeffler boilers may have a limited steam capacity compared to other
types of boilers, making them less suitable for applications requiring very high steam output.

13. Power generation: Loeffler boilers are used in power plants for generating
electricity. They are particularly suitable for power plants with medium to
high steam requirements.
1.
Industrial processes: Industries such as chemical processing,
pharmaceuticals, textiles, and food processing often utilize Loeffler boilers
for steam generation to power equipment, sterilization processes, and other
production needs.
2.
Petrochemical refineries: Loeffler boilers can be found in petrochemical
refineries for processes such as distillation, cracking, and reforming, where
high-pressure steam is required for heat exchange and other operations.
3.
APPLICATION

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