Low birth weight Babies.pptx PRETERM INFANTS

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1. L OW B I RTH WEIGHT BABIES

2. DEFINITION:- 1.Preterm baby:- A baby born before 37 completed weeks of gestation calculating from the first day of LMP is defined as “preterm baby.” - D.C Dutta A fetus delivered between 20 & 37 weeks of gestation is “ preterm baby.”

3. DEFINITION:- Low birth weight (LBW):- “Defined as one whose birth weight is less than 2500 grams. Irrespective of gestational age.” 3. Small for gestational age (SGA ):- “The term is to designate the newborns with birth weight les than 10 th percentile or less then two standard deviation for their gestational age.”

4. INCIDENCE:- Preter m b a b y co n s t i t u te s 2/3 of low birth weight babies.

5. Maternal :- C au s e s 12 / 26 / 1 7 short stature mother primi or grand multipara teenage pregnancy low Pre-Pregnant weight maternal illness- anemia, heart disease, malaria complications of pregnancy – PIH smoking, alcoholism or drug abuse by mother poor weight gain during pregnancy previous similar baby MR.SACHIN 16

6. Placental factors:- disorders of placental implantation Abruptio placenta single umbilical artery structural & functional abnormalities of placenta umbilical cord. Fetal Factors:- 12 / 26 / 1 7 17 first born babies are generally smaller twin or multiple pregnancy intrauterine infections genetic or chromosomal aberrations MR.SACHIN

7. Environment factors :- ➢ ➢ ➢ poor socioeconomic status nutritional habits cultural practices 12 / 26 / 1 7 18 MR . S A C H I N

8. M A N I F ES TA TI O N :- 1. Anatomical:- The weight is 2500 gms or less & length is usually less than 44 cm. Head & abdomen are relatively large, skull bones are soft with wide sutures & post fontanels. Head circumference is disproportionately exceeds that of chest. Pinnae of ear are soft & flat. Eyes are kept closed. Skin is red shiny with lack of subcutaneous fat & covered by plentiful lanugo & vernix caseosa.

9. M A N I F ES TA TI O N :- Plantar creases are not visible. Testicles are undescended , labia minora are exposed because labia majora in contact. Nails are not grown right upto the finger tips.

10. Functionally CNS :- Lethargic & inactivity, poor cough reflex. CVS :- About 1/3 rd of babies have PDA. RS :- RDS, pulmonary aspiration & atelactesis are common. GI :- Difficulties in feeding due to poor sucking, small capacity of stomach. Hepatic immaturity leads to hyperbilirubinaemia which may be aggravated by delayed feeding, dehydration & hypoxia.

11. e) Thermoregulation : - Temperature regulating centre is immature, heat loss is excessive. Hence preterm infant develop hypothermia. f ) US:- renal immaturity preterm infant develop elevation of BUN , acidosis & dehydration. g ) Infection :- low levels of IgG antibodies preterm babies are prone t o infection. 12 / 26 / 1 7 8 MR.SACHIN GADADE

12. PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT :- To maintain body temperature - Respiratory support - Prevention of infection – To maintain nutrition – Adequate nursing care -

13. MANAGEMENT :- CARE OF PRETERM BABY AFTER BIRTH :- Immediate management after birth:- Cord to be clamped quickly to prevent hypervolemia & later on development of hyperbilirubinaemia. Air passage should be cleared. Adequate O 2 therapy ( O 2 concentration 35% )

14. 4. Vit. K 1mg IM to prevent hemorrhages. 5. Body should be handled carefully. Bathing is not appropriate for a premature baby.

15. COMPLICATION :- Asphyxia Cerebral hemorrhage Fetal shock Heart failure Edema Infection Jaundice Anemia Retrolental fibroplasia (abnormal blood vessels in the retina-detachment of retina-blindness)

16. T H A N K YOU- - - -