Lower Respiratorfy system infection general overview

LRTI in pediatrics age group

1. DISORDERS OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

2. COMMON SYMPTOMS COUGH- ACUTE & CHRONIC EXPECTORATION HEMOPTYSIS RESPIRATORY SOUNDS- snoring, stridor , grunting , wheezing, crepts DYSNOEA FEVER

3. INVESTIGATIONS CHEST XRAY PULMONARY FUNCTION TEST CBC, CRP / PROCALCITONIN, BLOOD C/S BRONCHOSCOPY BLOOD GAS ANALYSIS CT CHEST OTHERS

4. HOW TO WRITE & REMEMBER CAUSES CLINICAL FEAUTRES DIFFRENTIAL DIAGNOSIS INVESTIGATION TREATMENT COMPLICATIONS PROGNOSIS

5. LRTI CROUP BRONCHOLITIS PNEUMONIA Consolidation of alveoli & infilteration of interstitial tissue with inflammatory cells

6. Pneumonia Classified as- Lobar/lobular Bronchopneumonia Interstitial Pneumonia

7. PNEUMONIA CAUSES VIRAL- RSV, influenza , parainfluenza adenovirus Bact - klebseilla , Ecoli , Staphylococcus, Pneumococcus , staphylococcus(<2mo,Gram - ve org) .3mo-3yr= s. pneumonia, H influenza, staphylococcus. >3y= pneumococci ,staphylococci Atypical- Mycoplasma , Chlamydia Pneumocystis Jiroveci , histoplasmosis , coccidomycosis Pul TB Others- aspiration of food, keroscene , poisoning

8. Assessment of Respiratory Distress (SpO2) ≤94% on room air indicates hypoxemia. Signs of tissue hypoxia: Tachycardia (early) Tachypnea Nasal flaring, retractions Agitation, anxiety, irritability Cyanosis (late) Decreased level of consciousness (late) Bradypnea , apnea (late)

9. T/T- 1.ANTIBIOTICS- ampicillin , coamoxiclav , 2 nd or 3 rd gen cephalosporin,Linazolid , vancomycin , clindamycin , Azithromycin 2. PARACETAMOL 3. FLUID INTAKE 4. MAINTAINING NUTRITION

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