Lower respiratory tract

1. Notes: Lower Respiratory Tract (pg 6)

2. Trachea (windpipe) Tube 12-15 cm long. Anterior and lateral walls are supported by 15 to 20 C-shaped pieces of hyaline cartilage that hold trachea open.

3. Trachea (windpipe) Tube 12-15 cm long. Anterior and lateral walls are supported by 15 to 20 C-shaped pieces of hyaline cartilage that hold trachea open. Posterior portion is smooth muscle (no cartilage) allowing room for the esophagus, which sits behind the trachea, to expand during swallowing.

4. Lungs Soft and spongy because they are mostly empty space

5. Lungs Soft and spongy because they are mostly empty space Rest on the diaphragm and extend upward to the clavicle

6. Lungs Soft and spongy because they are mostly empty space Rest on the diaphragm and extend upward to the clavicle Only point of attachment is the hilum , where bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter

7. Lungs Soft and spongy because they are mostly empty space Rest on the diaphragm and extend upward to the clavicle Only point of attachment is the hilum , where bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter Right lung is shorter, broader, and has a greater volume. 3 lobes.

8. Lungs Soft and spongy because they are mostly empty space Rest on the diaphragm and extend upward to the clavicle Only point of attachment is the hilum , where bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter Right lung is shorter, broader, and has a greater volume. 3 lobes. Left lung is longer and narrower and has an indentation called the cardiac notch that makes room for the heart. 2 lobes.

9. Lungs Soft and spongy because they are mostly empty space Rest on the diaphragm and extend upward to the clavicle Only point of attachment is the hilum , where bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter Right lung is shorter, broader, and has a greater volume. 3 lobes. Left lung is longer and narrower and has an indentation called the cardiac notch that makes room for the heart. 2 lobes. Each lung is enclosed by a double layered serous membrane called the pleura.

10. Bronchi and Bronchial Tree Trachea divides into right and left primary bronchi

11. Bronchi and Bronchial Tree Trachea divides into right and left primary bronchi Primary bronchi enter lungs and branch to form secondary (lobar) bronchi, which branch into tertiary (segmental) bronchi

12. Bronchi and Bronchial Tree Trachea divides into right and left primary bronchi Primary bronchi enter lungs and branch to form secondary (lobar) bronchi, which branch into tertiary (segmental) bronchi Branching continues to form bronchioles, which branch into microscopic alveolar ducts. The ducts terminate in clusters of tiny air sacs called alveoli Lungs have around 300 million alveoli

13. Output (pg 7) Draw the previous diagram from memory and label the following parts Bronchiole Alveolar duct Alveoli Capillaries

14. Alveoli (pg 6) Site of gas exchange between lungs and blood Walls of alveoli are only 1 cell thick and they are surrounded by capillaries. Oxygen diffuses into the blood and CO2 diffuses out, driven by concentration gradients.

15. Alveoli (pg 6) Site of gas exchange between lungs and blood Walls of alveoli are only 1 cell thick and they are surrounded by capillaries. Oxygen diffuses into the blood and CO2 diffuses out, driven by concentration gradients. Oxygen Transport: 97% carried by heme portion of hemoglobin in RBCs, 3% dissolved in blood plasma

16. Alveoli (pg 6) Site of gas exchange between lungs and blood Walls of alveoli are only 1 cell thick and they are surrounded by capillaries. Oxygen diffuses into the blood and CO2 diffuses out, driven by concentration gradients. Oxygen Transport: 97% carried by heme portion of hemoglobin in RBCs, 3% dissolved in blood plasma Carbon Dioxide Transport: 70% bicarbonate ions in RBC cytoplasm, 23% carried by protein portion of hemoglobin, 7% dissolved in blood plasma

17. Output (pg 5) Paste in the diagram “Gas exchange in the Alveoli” Color code Red blood cells: Red Hemoglobin: Orange Oxygen: Green Carbon dioxide: Blue Blood plasma: Yellow