lpm non ruminant production and management.pptx

Livestock production and management

1. MAHARAJA AGARSEN AGRICULTURE COLLEGE, SURATGARH Presented by Mr. Nitesh Sharma (Assistant Professor)

2. Non Ruminant Production and Management

3. Reproduction in pigs and poultry: In Pigs: A female pig, called a sow , can become pregnant once it is 8months old, and usually remain fertile until they are 18months old… During their productive months sows enter into a phase called estrus, or “heat”, every 21 days when they are not pregnant, sending signals to the boar that they are ready and able to mate. Mating the Sow A gilt (a young female hog ) should reach sexual maturity at five or six months of age, and be receptive for two or three days of each subsequent 21 day cycle.

4. A female pig can become pregnant at around 8-18 months of age. She will then go into heat every 21 days. Male pigs become sexually active at 8-10 months of age. A litter of piglets typically contains between 6 and 12 piglets. Most sows stay on heat for two to three days on average. Take a note of her service because 115 days (on average) later she should farrow. An easy way to remember how long a pig is pregnant for is ‘ three months, three weeks and three days’.

5. Pregnant Signs in Pig: Know your timeline. Knowing how a pig’s reproductive cycle works is the most important factor in determining whether your pig is pregnant. Reproductive Changes. Weight Gain. Swollen Teats and Belly. Changes in Heartbeat. Failure to Return to Estrous Cycle. Increased Appetite. Nesting.

6. Pig Reproduction different time interval are: Puberty: 6-8 months Gestation: 115days Lactation: 25 days Wean to breed: 5 days Total cycle: 145 days Maximum possible: 2.5 litters per year Pigs per sow per year: 18 to 27

7. Mating Sperm survive longer than egg ( 40hrs Vs 10 hrs ) So we should aim the sperm be in the oviduct by the time eggs are released To achieve this, mating be done late on the 1 st day and again early on the 2 nd day of estrus or 24-30 hrs onset of estrus Mating should be done in non-slippery surface Double mating increases both conception rate and litter size by 10% Servicing with a boar too many times reduce the conception rate and litter size

8. Breeding System Natural or artificial insemination 2 types of natural mating Hand mating: Boar is taken to estrus sow and supervise each service Pen mating: Boar is allowed to run with the sow herd Advantages of Hand mating: It gives accurate breeding dates for the female; more sows are bred by a boar which are not allowed to bred Disadvantage of Hand mating: Takes more time; missing of heat detection Best is the pen mating

9. Management during pregnancy Restricted feeding of sow during pregnancy improves reproductive performances Sow should be in thrifty body condition, not fatty Fatty sows are prone to farrowing difficulties, slow farrowing, heat stress Flushing of gilt or sow will increase litter size coz of release of ova Sow should be taken to farrowing house 7 days prior Sow should be routinely dewormed (3 days before entry into the farrowing pen) Vaccination should also be followed

10. In Poultry: The reproductive systems of poultry are similar to that found in mammals with a few differences. The reproductive system of the male poultry includes the testicles, which are held within the body cavity rather than in a scrotum.The testicles produce the sperm and seminal fluid.

11. Male Poultry Reproductive System: The vas deferens carries the seminal fluid and sperm cells to the cloaca. The cloaca is the enlarged part where the large intestine joins the end of the alimentary canal. The alimentary canal is the food-carrying passage that begins at the mouth and ends at the vent. The papilla is the organ in the wall of the cloaca that puts the sperm cells into the hen’s reproductive tract.

12. Reproductive organs of a male chicken

13. Female Poultry Reproductive System: The reproductive system of female poultry has two ovaries and two oviducts. The right ovary and oviduct do not function. Only the left ovary and oviduct produce eggs. The ova produced in the ovary develop into egg yolks.

14. The oviduct of the chicken has five parts: Funnel- receives the yolk from the ovary. Magnum- secretes the thick white of the egg. Isthmus- The yolk and thick white move from the magnum into the isthmus, where two shell membranes are placed around the yolk and thick white. Uterus- In the uterus, the thin white and the outer shell are added to the egg. (The egg remains in the uterus about 20hrs .) Vagina- From the uterus, the egg moves into the vagina.

15. Reproductive organ of a female chicken

16. Four Factor in Incubating Eggs: Temperature should be maintained at 99 to 103◦F . Humidity should be about 60% during the first 18 days and 70% during the last 3 days. Oxygen- Sufficient air exchange to prevent carbon dioxide buildup. Egg rotation- Eggs should be rotated two to five times daily for the first 18 days.

17. POULTRY INCUBATION TIMES: Common Species Name Incubation Period (days) Chicken 21 Pheasant 24 Duck 28 Turkey 28 Goose 28- 32 Ostrich 42