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4. Incommunicationsandelectronics,especiallyin
telecommunications,interferenceisanything
whichmodifies,ordisruptsasignalasittravels
alongachannelbetweenasourceandareceiver.
Thetermtypicallyreferstotheadditionof
unwantedsignalstoausefulsignal.
WHAT IS INTERFERENCE

5. Businesssupportsystems(BSS)arethecomponents that
atelecommunicationsserviceprovider(ortelco)usestorunitsbusiness
operationstowardscustomers.

12. Anodecanbeacomputerorsomeotherdevice,suchasaprinter.
Everynodehasauniquenetworkaddress,sometimescalledaData
LinkControl(DLC)addressorMediaAccessControl(MAC)address.
Mobilitymodelscharacterizethemovementsofmobileusers
withrespecttotheirlocation,velocityanddirectionovera
periodoftime.

13. Effects of mobility Models
•Channel characteristics change over time and location
–signal paths change
–different delay variations of different signal parts
–different phases of signal parts
–quick changes in the power received (short term fading)
•Fading: time variation of the received signal strength caused by changes
in the transmission medium or paths.
–Rain, moving objects, moving sender/receiver, …
•Additional changes in
–distance to sender
–obstacles further away
–slow changes in the average
power received (long term fading)
short term fading
long term
fading
t
power

22. RTS-Request to send /CTS-Clear to send Model
AcollisionistheresultoftwodevicesonthesameEthernetnetwork
attemptingtotransmitdataatexactlythesametime.Thenetwork
detectsthe"collision"ofthetwotransmittedpacketsanddiscardsthem
both.

26. WirelessApplicationProtocol(WAP)isatechnicalstandardfor
accessinginformationoveramobilewirelessnetwork.AWAPbrowser
isawebbrowserformobiledevicessuchasmobilephonesthatuses
theprotocol.

32. a toll-free highway.

36. RWP-Random waypoint model