Lung: Anatomy and physiology by Pradumn .pptx

Explained about anatomy and physiology of lungs in very easy language

1. Lungs Pradumn Vishwakarma B.Optometry CLGSO

2. Contents TO DESCRIBE – Introduction Of Lungs External Feature Surface & Border Of Lungs Lobes & Fissure Of Lungs Hilum Root Of Lungs Arterial supply Venous Drainage Lymphatic Drainage Nerve Supply Difference b/w each lungs.

3. Introduction Lungs or Pulmones are the principal organs of respiration. In thoracic cavity separated by mediastinum& covered by pleura. Texture– Spongy Color— Young- Brown Adults-Molten Black (deposition of carbon particle) Weight— Right-600 gms Left- 550 gms. Shape— Conical/Pyramidal

4. External Feature Each lungs has following feature— Apex( conical,directed upward) Base( broader,directed downward) Three Border— Anterior, Posterior& Inferior Two Surface—Coastal & Medial Coastal Surface is convex ,directed outward

5. Each Lung is having Lobes separated by fissures — Right-3 Left-2

6. Apex Rounded/blunt superior end of the lung, Lies above the level of ant. end of 1 st rib Reaches1-2cm above medial 1/3 rd of clavicle Covering— Cervical Pleura Suprapleural Membrane.

7. Base Semi lunar and concave Rests on diaphragm (diaphragmatic surface) Right sided dome is higher then left

8. Borders Anterior - Thin Shorter ,Vertical Present cardiac notch in left lung. Below It Lingula is present. Posterior -Thick and rounded, Spine of C7 vertebra to the spine of T10 vertebra Inferior -Semi lunar in shape , Separates the costal and medial surfaces.

9. Surfaces Coastal-Large, smooth, and convex Covered by costal pleura and endothoracic fascia. Medial- Posterior (Vertebral ) Anterior (Mediastinal) Posterior Part-vertebral column, posterior intercostal vessels, and greater and lesser splanchnic nerves.

10. Mediastinal surface of the right lung Mediastinal surface of the left lung Right atrium Left ventricle Superior and inferior vena cava Ascending aorta Azygos vein Arch of aorta and descending thoracic aorta Right brachiocephalic vein Left subclavian and left common carotid arteries Esophagus and trachea Esophagus and thoracic duct Three Neural Structure Four neural structures Rt.Phrenic nerve Rt. Splenhnic Nerve Rt.Sympathetic Nerve Lt.Phrenic Vein Lt.Vagus nerve Left recurrent pharyngeal nerve • Left sympathetic chain Anterior Part

11. Right Left

12. Lobes & Fissure The right lung is divided into three lobes— Superior, middle, and inferior *By two fissures—(a) an oblique fissure and (b)a horizontal fissure. The left lung is divided into two lobes— (a) superior and (b) inferior *By an oblique fissure

13. Hilum This is large depressed area near medial surface. Through which structures enter or leave the lung.

14. Root Of Lung Short broad pedicle. Connecting the medial surface of the lung with the mediastinum. Covered by tubular sheath derived from the mediastinal pleura. The root of lung lies opposite the bodies of T5, T6, and T7 vertebrae

15. Components 1. Principal bronchus in the left lung, and eparterial and hyparterial bronchi in the right lung. 2. Pulmonary artery. 3. Pulmonary veins (two in number). 4. Bronchial arteries (one on the right side and two on the left side). 5. Bronchial veins. 6. Lymphatics of the lung. 7. Anterior and posterior pulmonary plexuses of the nerves.

16. Arrangement Of Structure From before backwards— (a) Pulmonary vein (superior) (b) Pulmonary artery (c) Bronchus 2. From above downwards— Right side Left side • Eparterial bronchus Pulmonary artery • Pulmonary artery Left principal bronchus • Hyparterial bronchus Inferior pulmonary vein • Inferior pulmonary vein

17. Arterial Supply Of Lungs The lungs are supplied by two sets of arteries, 1. Bronchial arteries. 2. Pulmonary arteries.

18. Venous Drainage The venous blood from lungs is also drained by two sets of veins, 1. Bronchial veins. 2. Pulmonary veins

19. Lymphatic Drainage The lymph from the lung is drained by two sets of lymph vessels 1. Superficial vessels. 2. Deep vessels *The lymphatic drainage of the lung is clinically important because lung cancer spreads by lymphatic path. *All the lymph is drained into tracheobronchial lymph nodes (located at the hilum), which in turn drain into bronchomediastinal lymph nodes.

20. Nerve Supply The lung is supplied by— Parasympathetic - derived from the vagus nerve . Sympathetic nerve fibres- derived from T2 to T5 spinal segments *Both provide motor supply to the bronchial muscles and secretomotor supply to the mucous glands of the bronchial tree.

21. Difference B/W Left and Right Lung

22. References Textbook of Anatomy By Vishram Singh. Textbook of Anatomy By BD Chaurasiya. Diagram From Ken hub.