Lycopodium Spore Method ppt, meaning.pptx

Lycopodium is a genus of clubmosses, also known as ground pines or creeping cedars. They are flowerless plants with small leaves that cover their stems and branches.

1. LYCOPODIUM SPORE METHOD Ms. Chandani Prasad Assistant Professor Department of Pharmcognosy & Phytochemistry Manwatkar College of Pharmacy, Ghodpeth

2. Purpose Statement By the end of the topic we will able to know Determination of % purity of drug

3. Quantitative Microscopy (Lycopodium spore Method) It is used when especially chemical and other methods of evaluation of drugs fails to determine quality. It is inexpensive technique with official status. The spores are exceptionally uniform in size (25 ų m) and the shape tetrahedral so that one can always known that a definite no. of spore present in particular weight of lycopodium. On average 94,000 spores per mg of powdered lycopodium are present , using this figure one can calculate the weight of any number of spores under any condition under the microscope.

4. A powdered drug is evaluated by this technique, if its contains: Well defined particles may be counted e.g. starch grain or pollen grains. Single layered cell or tissue, the area of which may be traced under suitable magnification. The object of uniform thickness, the length of which can be measured under suitable magnification and actual area can be calculated.

5. PROCEDURE Determine the loss on drying of powdered sample material of both sample and lycopodium powder at 105 °C. Mix about 100 mg powdered sample drug and 50 mg of lycopodium powder using a small flexible spatula on a glass plate, with a little suspending fluid. In this mixture incorporate a sufficient quantity of suspending fluid (glycerin : mucilage of tragacanth : water :2:1:2 or an oil) until a smooth paste results. Transfer it to stopped tube by washing with excess of suspending fluid. Adjust the final volume so that about 15 to 20 spore are observed in a field using a 4mm of objectives in microscope

6. Oscillate the stoppered container gently in order to obtain uniformity of the suspension. Place one drop of suspension on each of two slide, spread with a thin glass rod or needle, apply the cover slip and leave aside for few minutes on the table in order to allow the fluid mixture to settle evenly. Count the starch characteristics structure of sample and lycopodium spores under microscope in each of 25 different field selected for observation Make a similar suspension as above and count particles in 25 field on two slides. Take average of 4 readings

7. The % purity of an authentic powdered ginger is calculated using the following equation : % purity of drugs = [ N × W × 94000× 100]/ [S × M × P ] where, N = number of characteristic structures (e.g. starch grains) in 25 field ; W = weight in mg of lycopodium taken ; S = number of lycopodium spores in the same 25 fields ; M = weight in mg of the sample, calculated on basis of sample dried at 105 °c; and P = 2,86,000 in case of ginger starch grain powder. If the material is one for which a constant is not available, it is necessary to determine one by a preliminary experiment.

8. Summary This topic should provide information about lycopodium spore method Determination of % purity of drug.

9. REFERENCES Kokate CK, Purohit AP, Gokhale SB ,Pharmacognosy Nirali Prakashan,2007 Evans WC, Evans D, Trease GE Trease and Evans Pharmacognosy, Elsevier,2009

10. Thank You