Lymphatic system of orofacial region 1st BDS.pptx

about lymphatics in head and neck

1. Lymphatics of Orofacial Region Dr Preethi M

2. ROLE The lymphatic system is a well-organized uninterruptedly communicated circulatory system, composed of small capillaries to large lymph vessels and regional lymph nodes Lymphatic vessels carries a clear fluid called lymph Lymphatic organs, Lymph vessels, Lymph nodes, and circulatory lymph together monitors the immune system of the body

3. FUNCTION Lymphocyte production by the lymph nodes Antibody production and stimulation Filtration of microorganisms and foreign body substances such as toxins Aids in transport of larger molecules such as enzymes and hormones

4. Lymphatic system

5. Lymphocyte production Lineage

6. Primary Lymphatic organs and Tissues Thymus and bone marrow serve as preliminary organs of lymphoid production The thymus has lymphoid and endocrine function Processing of T lymphocytes Production of thymosin and thymin The myeloid trilineage stem cells further divide to form progenitor cells of erythrocytes, megakaryocytes, and granulocyte–monocytes

7. Primary Lymphatic organs and Tissues The myeloid trilineage stem cells further divide to form progenitor cells of erythrocytes, megakaryocytes, and granulocyte–monocytes Lymphoid stem cells are responsible for the production of both T cells and B cells and maturation of B cells Mature B and T cells plays a defensive role against pathogens

8. Secondary Lymphatic Organs and Tissue Spleen Tonsils Lymph nodes Lymphatic nodules Adenoids

9. Secondary Lymphatic Organs and Tissue NALT - Nose Associated Lymphoid Tissue MALT - Lymphoid tissues of the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and genitourinary tracts (Mucosa Associated ) BALT - Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue GALT - Gut-associated lymphoid tissues

10. Tertiary Lymphoid Tissue Abrupt accumulation of lymphoid cell aggregates in a nonlymphoid tissue occurs as a response to chronic infection Immune role only in case of inflammation

11. DEVELOPMENT OF LYMPHATIC SYSTEM Around 5th week of intrauterine life six lymph sacs are identified All the lymphatic sacs except the cisterna chyli are invaded by the lymphocytes and connective tissue stroma to develop into lymph node

12. LYMPH Lymph is a product of the blood, wherein approximately 50% of the lost fluids and serum protein are returned to the circulation through the lymph node in the form of lymph and prevent the fall of total blood volume Lymph is slightly more diluted and is found inside the closed lymph vessels Tissue fluid is found outside the vessel in the tissue spaces

13. LYMPH Lymph is transparent, colorless or slightly yellow in color, and composed of lymphocytes, cellular debris, and waste products with bacteria and proteins. The specific gravity of lymph is 1.015 and has protein concentration of 3–5 g/dL

14. Lymphatic System Lymph Vessels Lymph Capillaries Lymph Nodes

15. LYMPHATICS OF THE HEAD AND NECK

16. Lymph nodes draining group

17. Clinical Considerations Lymphadenopathy refers to enlargement of lymph nodes and may be noticed in cases of infection, malignancy, autoimmune diseases, and drug reactions. Localized lymphadenopathy is well confined and involves the localized regional lymph node Enlargement of more than two noncontiguous lymph nodes is referred as generalized lymphadenitis or lymphadenopathy

18. Thank You