Lyndy Pantao_Definitions of Public Administration.pptx

Definitions of Public Administration

1. THE DEFINITIONS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Presented by: LYNDY G. PANTAO

2. References Shafritz , J.M. et al. (2017). Introducing Public Administration (Ninth Edition): Routledge www,youtube.com

3. Objectives define public administration in its political nature, and d efine public administration legally.

4. Simplistic Definition it is government in action—the management of public affairs or the implementation of public policies Public administration is so vast that there is no way to encompass it all with only one definition.

5. four categories ( Shafritz et al, 2017) : political , legal , managerial , and occupational

6. 1 . Political Definitions of Public Administration 1.1 Is What Government Does 1.2 Is Both Direct and Indirect 1.3 Is a Phase in the Public Policymaking Cycle 1.4 Is Implementing the Public Interest 1.5 Is Doing Collectively That Which Cannot Be So Well Done Individually

7. 2 . Legal Definitions of Public Administration 2.1 Is Law in Action 2.2 Is Regulation 2.3 Is The King’s Largesse 2.4 Is Theft

8. 1 .1 Public Administration Is What Government Does government employees do things that affect the daily lives of their fellow citizens range from heroic to mundane usually these efforts are beneficial, but sometimes they are not public administrators tend to the public’s business but in other lands public employees may torture the innocent and murder children .

9. As a profession , public administration has developed values and ethical standards. But as an activity , it has no values. It merely reflects the cultural norms, beliefs , and power realities of its society

10. “see administration in terms of its environment ” – Dwight Waldo “it enables us to understand differences in administration between different societies which would be inexplicable if we were limited to viewing administration analytically in terms of the universals of administration itself ”

11. Public administration is the totality of the working-day activities of all the world’s bureaucrats—whether those activities are performed legally or illegally, competently or incompetently, decently or despicably!

12. “ t”the universe is not only queerer than we suppose, but queerer than we can suppose ” - J. B. S. Haldane

13. 1.2 Public Administration Is Both Direct and Indirect D irect - when government employees provide services to the public as varied as mortgage insurance, mail delivery , and electricity Indirect - when government pays private contractors to provide goods or services to citizens

14. Governments have used private contractors since ancient times . The increasingly expansive nature of public administration, branching out into the private and nonprofit sectors, has given new meaning to the word governance.

15. 1.3 Public Administration Is a Phase in the Public Policymaking Cycle Public policymaking never ends . Governments are in a constant flurry over whether to do or not to do. And whatever they do or do not do is public policy . P ublic policy and public administration are two sides of the same coin.

16. But because policymaking is a continuous process , it cannot end with implementation . Whenever government does something, critics will suggest ways to do it better. This feedback can be informal—from citizen complaints to journalistic investigations—or it can take the form of an agency or legislative program evaluation.

17. In any case, new decisions must be made even if the decision is to avoid making a decision.

18. 1.4 Public Administration Is Implementing the Public Interest Public interest is the universal label in which political actors wrap the policies and programs that they advocate.

19. Walter Lippmann wrote that “ the public interest may be presumed to be what men would choose if they saw clearly, thought rationally, and acted disinterestedly and benevolently”

20. 1.5 Public Administration Is Doing Collectively That Which Cannot Be So Well Done Individually “legitimate object of government . . . to do for a community of people, whatever they need to have done , but cannot do, at all, or cannot, so well do, for themselves—in their separate, and individual capacities.”

21. 2.1 Public Administration Is Law in Action Public administration is inherently the execution of a public law . Every application of a general law is necessarily an act of administration. Administration cannot exist without this legal foundation.

22. The law that creates an agency or program is known as its enabling legislation—the law that legally “enables” a program to exist. In theory, no government administrator can do anything if it is not provided for in the legislation or in the rules and regulations that the legislation allows the agency to promulgate.

23. While many books have been written about the implementation of this or that government program, there is ultimately only one thing that government is in essence capable of implementing: the law .

24. While public administration is the law in action, the law of how, when, and where these actions can be taken is called administrative law .

25. 2.2 Public Administration Is Regulation It is government telling citizens and businesses what they may and may not do. Regulation is one of the oldest functions of government. The Code of Hammurabi in ancient Babylonia provided that “ the mason who builds a house which falls down and kills the inmate shall be put to death.”

26. Our lives are constantly governed, or interfered with, by regulation . P ublic administrators turn to regulation to help them achieve an array of desired outcomes

27. 2.3 Public Administration Is The King’s Largesse “The king’s largesse” is whatever goods , services, or honors the ruling authority decides to bestow. This was the earliest meaning of public administration.

28. The traditional big-city political machine lasted only as long as there was largesse to distribute . Without largesse, the political machines could not hold the loyalty of their audience.

29. 2.4 Public Administration Is Theft Libertarianism. There are those who believe that a government should do little more than provide police and military protection; other than that, it should not interfere—either for good or ill—in the lives of its citizens.

30. “The only proper function of the government of a free country is to act as an agency which protects the individual’s rights , i.e., which protects the individual from physical violence ” - Ayn Rand

31. Conservatives are continuously fearful of public policies involving redistribution, such as social welfare policies and programs whose goal is to shift wealth or benefits from one segment of the population to another.

32. The welfare state is founded on this notion of redistribution. The basic mechanism for redistribution is taxation. However , the laws themselves can sometimes redistribute benefits (e.g. tax loopholes).

33. Playwright George Bernard Shaw put this succinctly: “A government which robs Peter to pay Paul can always depend on the support of Paul.”

34. While many government actions could be construed as theft by portions of the populace , there is a line separating metaphorical and actual thievery. Just as the fictional British secret agent James Bond had a “license to kill,” government employees in some countries consider their jobs a license to steal—usually by soliciting bribes .

35. Thank you!