M&M_Self_Learning_fnl.pptx metrology and measurements of Technology and Processes in Heavy Manufacturing Technology and Processes for lightweighting and the Haunts of engineering

Metrology and measurements

1. DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SELF LEA R NING COURSE CODE / NAME : ME3592 / METROLOGY AND MEASUREMENTS Topic: Optical Measurement using Vision Measuring System Date: 15.09.2025 Register No. Name 721223114057 Vimalraj R 721223114059 William Carey I 721223114036 Praveen Kumar G 721223114043 Sabari Balaji J Team Members

2. Introduction A Vision Measuring System (VMS) or Vision Measuring Machine (VMM), is a non-contact optical system that uses high-resolution cameras, optics, and sophisticated software to capture and analyze images of an object, allowing for precise measurements of its dimensions, shape, and surface features .

3. Concept A vision measuring system (VMS), or vision measuring machine (VMM), uses an optical system, cameras, and software to perform non-contact, high-precision measurements of a part’s dimensions and features. The system works by capturing magnified digital images of an object , which are then analyzed by software to extract features and calculate measurements.

4. Diagram

5. Working Principle Light Spot Projection A narrow light beam or spot is projected onto the surface of the object from a fixed source. The angle of projection (α) is known and fixed with respect to the system. 2. Backscattered Light Collection When the light hits the object surface, it gets reflected or backscattered. The angle of the backscattered beam (β) depends on the surface height and shape.

6. 3. Image Formation on Sensor A Camera with a lens system captures the backscattered light. The reflected spot is recorded on the image sensor at a particular location. If the object surface moves up or down, the position of the spot on the sensor shifts (Displacement p). 4. Triangulation Principle The system uses triangulation geometry to determine the 3D coordinates of the point: Distance between light source and camera (baseline b) Focal length of the lens (f) Angles α and β Spot displacement (p) on the sensor From these, the exact surface coordinates ( xA , zA ) are calculated.

7. 5. Profile and 3D Measurement By scanning multiple points across the surface, the system builds the entire profile of the object. This allows accurate non-contact measurement of dimensions, shapes, and surface deviations. 6. Role of Computer The computer in a Vision Measuring System processes the captured images using image processing and triangulation algorithms, calculates accurate measurements, stores and analyzes the data for quality control, and integrates the results with CAD/CAM systems for automation and reporting.

8. Types of Illumination in VMS

9. Key Components 1. Light Source Projects a narrow light beam or spot onto the object. Can be a laser diode or LED depending on precision needed. 2. Object (Workpiece) The surface or part to be measured. Its height/profile causes variation in reflected light position. 3. Optical Lens System Collects the backscattered/reflected light from the object. Focuses the light onto the camera sensor.

10. 4. Camera / Image Sensor Captures the reflected spot position on the sensor plane. CCD or CMOS sensors are commonly used. 5. Triangulation Geometry Setup Fixed baseline distance (b) between light source and camera. Defines the geometry for accurate coordinate calculation. 6. Processing & Control Unit A computer or microcontroller processes the captured images. Uses triangulation formulas to calculate 3D coordinates ( xA , zA ).

11. Advantages Non-Contact Measurement : The system uses cameras and optics to measure parts without physical contact, preventing damage to delicate, soft, or fragile materials. High Precision and Accuracy : Advanced optical technology provides highly precise, micron-level measurements, crucial for industries like electronics and aerospace.

12. Speed and Efficiency : Vision measuring machines can perform inspections and measurements quickly, significantly reducing the time needed for quality control and increasing productivity. Versatility : The systems can accurately measure a wide range of objects, including small microelectronics and large industrial components, of different shapes and materials.

13. Disadvantages High Initial Investment : Vision measuring systems can be expensive to purchase and set up. Skilled Personnel Required : Operating, calibrating, and maintaining these complex systems requires personnel with specialized knowledge and training.

14. Environmental Sensitivity : Systems are sensitive to vibrations, changes in temperature, and ambient light, which can negatively impact measurement accuracy. Limited Depth of Field : A limited depth of field can restrict the area that can be accurately measured at once.

15. Applications Manufacturing : For quality control of small component and detecting flaws. Electronics : For inspecting intricate components. Automotive and Aerospace : For measuring complex parts with tight tolerances. Medical Devices : For precise inspection of small and delicate instruments.

16. THANK YOU!