M pox/ Monkey pox - a public health emergency of international concern | PPT | Dr. Haneena Shada

What is m pox/Monkey pox?
Routes of Transmission
Signs and Symptoms
Diagnosis
Complications
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention

1. Mpox (Monkeypox) Dr. Haneena Shada BHMS

2. CONTENTS Introduction R outes of T ransmission S igns and Symptoms Diagnosis Complications Differential Diagnosis Treatment Prevention

3. INTRODUCTION V iral zoonotic disease (transmitted from animals to humans) C aused by monkeypox virus (Genus: O rthopoxvirus , Family: Poxviridae ) Symptoms similar to that seen in the past with smallpox (variola virus) but less severe. Lasts 3-4 weeks Severe illness occurs more commonly in children.

4. F ound in Africa , mostly around tropical rainforest re gions R ange of illness from asymptomatic to death WHO has declared mpox a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) twice Risk factors for severe illness children immunodeficiency Invasive route of infection ( animal bites, needle stick injury) Congo Basin clade variant

5. Genetic clades of monkeypox virus Genetic clades of monkeypox virus Two clades: West African and Congo Basin (or Central African) Geographic ranges overlap in Cameroon

6. TRANSMISSION V irus transmitted to humans from infected animals, most commonly rodents I nfected through direct contact with blood, body fluids, external lesions of infected animals Eating inadequately cooked meat of infected animal Human to human : respi ratory droplets, skin lesions, contaminated objects contaminated materials such as bedding due to importation by travelers or infected animals

7. Unprotected contact with: respiratory droplets lesion material body fluids contaminated materials and surfaces The virus can enter through: respiratory tract mucous membranes (eyes and mouth) broken skin (e.g. animal bites)

8. Animal species in Africa found to host monkeypox viruses

9. SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

10. Incubation period : 6 to 15 days INVASION PERIOD (0-5 DAYS) Fever, Headache, Lymphadenopathy, Back Pain, Myalgia, Fatigue, Sore throat DISTINCTIVE FEATURE-Severe lymphadenopathy before rash (neck, axilla, inguinal regions) Small lesions in the mouth (enanthem) appear towards the end.

11. RASH (1-3 days after fever) Macules(flat)  papules(raised) vesicles pustules crust

12. Beginning on face, spreading to trunks & limbs Affects face (95%), Palms & soles(75%), Oral mucosa(70%), Genitalia(30%), Conjunctiva & cornea(20%) Painful rash Antibodies are produced & become detectable during rash stage.

13. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Chickenpox (Varicella) Measles Smallpox (now eradicated) Bacterial skin infections Scabies Syphilis

14. MPOX, CHICKENPOX, MEASLES

15. (White spots which (Cough, Coryza, Conjuctivitis ) Painful rash appear in mouth before rash) Varicella zoster(herpes virus) Paramyxovirus Orthopox virus Lymphadenopathy - absent

16. Distribution & Shape of lesion Monkeypox Chickenpox Centrifugal distribution Centripetal distribution Sharply raised with depression in center Like a dew drop on a rose petal with irregular borders

17. DIAGNOSIS PCR (most commonly used to confirm monkeypox) -Tests conducted on lesion material

18. Best to confirm monley pox virus

19. COMPLICATIONS Corneal infection and vision loss Secondary bacterial infections Abscess and airway obstruction Pneumonia Bacterial infection of the blood (sepsis) Inflammation of the brain (encephalitis) Miscarriage Death

20. Danger signs loss of vision delirium, loss of consciousness, convulsions respiratory distress bleeding, inability to produce urine signs of sepsis (drop in b.p , rapid breathing, slurred speech, pale/blue blotchy skin/lips/tongue)

21. TREATMENT Supportive care (rehydration, control pain) includes mental health support Vaccination prevention of secondary infections prevent complications

22. PREVENTION Avoid unprotected close contact with infected people. Do not share bedding, clothing, towels or utensils with sick people. Avoid contact with wild animals specially those found sick or dead. Thoroughly cook all food containing animal meat or parts properly before eating. Wash hands frequently with soap & water, especially after caring or visiting sick people. For Healthworkers : Use Masks, gloves and other personal protective equipment (PPE) when caring for patients Isolate infected patients in hospital or at home.

23. THANKYOU