Machine Level Language

By viewing this slide, you can get some general knowledge of Machine Level Language.

1. Presentation on Machine Language Submitted to Bijeta Mam. Department of Computer science Prime College Nayabazar,ktm Submitted by Sundar Acharya CSIT. 1 st sem

2. CONTENTS Introduction and Definition Requirements Advantages and Disadvantages Future of Machine language Conclusion References

3. INTRODUCTION There is nothing b elow machine language(only hardware). M achine language is the only language understood b y computers. Impossible for humans to read. Combination of 0’s and 1’s.

4. Definition Machine languages are the only languages understood by computers, machine languages are almost impossible for humans to use because they consists entirely of numbers. Programmers, therefore, use either a high level programming language or an assembly language.

5. Requirements Every machine language must contain following commands: Load operation (CPU loads data directly from memory into ac register) consists of : Operation code Address of main memory cell from which ac register will be loaded. Stored instruction stores computed information into a memory cell or CPU(ALU) register. Store instruction stores computed information into a memory cell or CPU(ALU).

6. ADVANTAGE and DISADVANTAGE The advantage of machine language is that it is faster to execute as no need of translation is required. The disadvantage of machine language is that it is difficult to understand. Example:- if “01100001” is a computer instruction for add, then to add 2 & 3, we have to write “01100001(i.e. ADD)00000010(i.e. 2)00000011(i.e. 3)”.

7. Future Of Machine Language With the introduction of 64-bit CPUs (Itanium, Itanium-2, AMD 64, new assembly language instructions have to be added, old ones have to be either redesigned or eliminated. This also puts stress on compiler designers as well as hardware implementation. Most recent introduction of Intel’s family of dual-core CPUs puts even higher demands on proper hardware and software implementation. Possibly current 16 and 32-bit instruction set will become obsolete in near future in order to avoid backward compatibility problems and minimize production costs.

8. Conclusion After doing this presentation we came to conclusion that machine language is the only language understandable by computer without which computer cannot be operated.

9. Refrence https://www.webopedia.com/TERM/M/machine_language.html, 12/08/2014 http://www.cs.sjsu.edu/faculty/lee/cs147/Machine%20Language.ppt,12/08/2014