macronutrients and micronutrients

It's all about nutrients..

1. MACRONURIENTS AND MICRONUTRIENTS ALL B.Sc. Subject- Nutrition lecture-4 th

2. Nutrients are classified in terms of the amount needed by the body :- 1. Macronutrients 2. Micronutrients Oils

3. These are present in large quantities in foods and are also required in large amounts by the body

4. 1. Available carbohydrates are present in large quantities as starch in cereals, legumes, pulses and potatoes. They are present as simple carbohydrates in sugar, fruits, honey and milk. 2. Unavailable carbohydrates or dietary fibre are in the form of cellulose and hemicelluloses which are not digested in our body. Energy is measured in kilocalories .

5. Functions of carbohydrates Are main source of energy spare proteins- for body building functions Dietary fibre increases the bulk in stools and help in defaecation Food sources of Carbohydrates Cereals:-wheat, rice, Bajra , Maize Pulses:- Rajma , Channa all dhals Sugars Potatoes, sweet potatoes

6. There are two types of amino acids: essential and non essential . Essential are those which our body cannot manufacture and hence have to supplied through diet . Non essential amino acids are those which our body can manufacture

7. Functions of protein Needed for the growth, maintenance and repair of tissues Necessary for the production of enzymes , hormones, antibodies, heamoglobin etc. Helpful for the clotting of blood Provide energy, if necessary

8. Animal protein that is proteins from meat, eggs, milk etc. are better than vegetables, pulses etc Protein also help to broken down of carbohydrates or fat when they does not meet its energy needs, it supply them in the form of calories.

9. If a substance is liquid at room temperature it is called oil and if it is solid at room temperature, it is known as fat . One gram fat gives 9kcal of energy. Fats are made up of small units called fatty acids. Fatty acids may be saturated or unsaturated . saturated fatty acids are found in solid fats where as oils contain more of unsaturated fatty acids.

10. Functions of oils and fats Provide concentrated source of energy Reduce the use of proteins for energy help maintain body temperature . The layer of fat under the skin helps to conserve body heat act as cushion to certain vital organs help in growth of tissues fats improve the texture as well as absorb and retain flavors making meals more appetising Fats have property that help them remain in the stomach longer and prolong feeling of fullness. Sources of Fat and Oils Cooking oils, ghee, butter Oilseeds, nuts Meat, poultry, fish, eggs Whole milk, cheese

11. Other important nutrients which are present in small quantities in foods but are essential for our body are called micronutrients. If these Micronutrients are not consumed in required amounts, it results in deficiency diseases

12. Vitamins • our body contains little quantity of vitamins Minerals • Responsible for all major functions of the body • fat soluble vitamins: A,D,E and K • water soluble Vitamins: Band C Minerals • Constitute in very small amount of the total body tissues • Essential for many vital process • In total there are about 19 minerals required by the body in various amounts WATER • Major constitute of our body • Present in all the cells , being a vital part of all living tissues • gives protection from shock • Help in digestion, absorption and transportation of nutrients in the body • Excrete unwanted material in the form of urine

13. End