Mahogany - A TREE FOR HEALTH AND WEALTH

Mahogany is one of the highly prized tropical fast growing timber species in the world. timber traders refer mahogany name to all timbers, which have similar wood quality. True mahogany refer to timber species belong to the Genus " Swietenia" . This lecture covers taxonomy, ecology, seed, nursery, timber uses, medicinal uses, plantation management, pests and diseases, economics and productivity, rotation age.

1. MAHOGANY
A POTENTIAL TIMBER SPECIES FOR AGRFORESTRY & TREE
OUT-SIDE FORESTS

2. September 2012, 432 pages
Today, Mahogany -best known tropical wood
by all means; a traditional wood for furniture
-making; equally loved by carpenters and
furniture owners.
Mahogany is much loved for its reddish-
brown colorthat darkens with age, as well as
for gorgeously-looking chatoyancy (Cat’s
Eye) effect.
Afascinatingbookaboutthemostcoveted
woodinearlyAmerica
BenjaminandWilliamFranklindeclaring
theirsocialdominancethroughhard-won
mahogany possessions-KirkDavis
Swinehart,TheWallStreetJournal

3. Fromthe17to19thcentury,
mahogany wasthepre-eminent
mediumforconspicuousconsumption
onbothsidesoftheAtlantic…-Brian
Odom,LibraryJournal
GeorgeWashingtondecidedtogrow
hisowngroveofthisdesirablecrop,
andhad48seedsplantedatMount
Vernon.
Ms.Andersonstillfindsherself
aestheticallydrawntomahogany.She
canrememberlongingtotoucha
museumpiecethat“lookedlikethe
peltofawildlion,goldenand
shimmering,”shesaid.
Felling Mahogany in Honduras” depicts cutting the
trees to make furniture for the wealthy, as slaves did
across the Caribbean in the 18th century-Credit
New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York

4. History of Mahogany Trade from 16
th
–20
th
Century
In 1514, the Spanish Empire conquered the
West Indies & they discoveredthat the
indigenous wood, which we know as
mahoganywas the perfect materialto repair
their boatsafter the long journey across the
Atlantic.
In the 17th century, the native W. Indians
makes canoes without the use of any iron
instruments (John Esquemeling 1893)
Mahogany "the most tropical valuable
timber tree“, which had been used and
valued by the Americans, British & the
Europeansfor about 400 years(Record
and Mell 1924).

5. Used for making canoes & King Philip II
of Spain had used mahogany to
decorate El Escorial Palaceas early as
1584 (Record and Mell 1924).
InSpain,someoftheearliestships
constructedbymahogany,anditwasalso
likelyusedinawiderangeofdomestic
construction,includinghouseframesand
roofsupportsasearlyas1595(Chambers
1851).
Catesby(1743)wasamongthefirstto
comment onthebeneficialship
characteristicsofmahogany,including
durabilityandresistancetogunshot,but
lateraccountsreferprimarilytoits
buoyancyandresistancetorot(Chaloner
andFleming1850,Chambers1851).
TheBritishGovernmentby1771passed
theMahoganyActabolishinganytaxesor
dutiesonmahogany-Thisimmediately
stimulatedthetradeofmahogany.
History of Mahogany Trade from 16
th
–20
th
Century

6. Importationsofmahogany into
Englandreached525tonsperannum
by1740,3,688tonsby1750,and
morethan30,000tonsin1788,the
peakyearofthe18thcenturytrade
(AdamBowett1997).
TradeinAmericanmahoganyprobably
reachedapeakinthelastquarterof
the19
th
century.Figuresarenot
availableforallcountries,butBritain
aloneimported>80,000tonsin1875
(TheNationalArchives,UK,Cust.5).
Evenextremelyoldmahogany
Spanishshipscapturedbythe
Englishwerebrokenupandthe
piecesredistributedbythe1800s
(ChalonerandFleming1850,Chambers
1851,Lamb1966).
Manyofthemostfamousnamesin
furnituresuchasChippendale,
Sheraton,Phyfe,andHepplewhite
pliedtheirtradeduringthe'goldenage
ofmahogany”(1720s-1820s,Lamb1935
&1966).

7. By the early 20
th
century, mahogany had
been used in a myriad of additional ways viz.,
railway cars, interior decoration for
businesses and private vessels, musical
instruments, and plywood veneer (Lamb
1935).
When you look at out extensive range of
Georgian furniture in both Dublinand New
Yorkstores remember it was not just the
history of the cabinet maker, the owner of the
piece but the fantastic quality and history of a
natural material that has endured (O'Sullivan
Antiques, 2017).
It is amazing to think that even after > 400
years, mahogany is still considered the
premier timber for fine furniture and still
favored as the wood of choice for craft
ship builders.

8. From1715totoday,Mahoganyhasbeenimportedand
exportedallovertheglobetomakehigh-endtables,
chairs,chests,bedsteadsandotherfurniture.
Beyondfurniture,Mahoganyisidealforhigh-grade
joinery,shop-fittings,showcases,counters,expensive
panelling,musicalinstrumentsandinteriordecoration.
Itsgreatestvirtuesareitseasyworkabilityandstability;
onceshaped,itdoesnotshrinkorwarp.Moreover,itis
naturallydurableandcanbereadilypolishedtoa
glossyluster.
Onem
3
ofbig-leafmahoganycanfetchsomeUSD
1,300ontheinternationalmarket(in2001)andone
treealonecanproducemorethanUSD100,000worth
ofhigh-qualityfurniture(www.cites.org).
Fromthe1880s,Africanmahogany(Khayaspp.),a
relatedgenus,begantobeexportedinincreasing
quantitiesfromWestAfrica,andbytheearly20th
centuryitdominatedthemarket.
In1975,SwieteniahumiliswasplacedonCITES
Appendix-IIfollowedbyS.mahagoniin1992&S.
macrophyllawasplacedonAppendixIIIin1995and
movedtoAppendixIIin2003.

9. Usage of “Mahogany” Label in the Timber Market
Today, when you go in search of Mahogany lumber, it is hard to say what you
will get.
Because, timber merchants have slapped the Mahogany Label on just any
reddish-brown timber species around the world.
Currently over a half dozen types of mahogany listed onthe Wood Database.
This makes it difficult when buying to know what to look for and which species
is best for your specific application. It makes Confusion to consumer.
How to find Genuine Mahogany.....?????
Mahogany grouped into two groups:
a). Meliaceae member Mahogany &
b). Non-Meliaceae member mahogany

10. Meliaceae Member Mahogany

11. Non-Meliaceae Member Mahogany
D). Un-related Woods Bearing the Label “Mahogany” in the
Name only
1.Shorea spp (Phillipine mahogany)
2.Myroxylon balsamum (Santos mahogany)
3.Eucalyptus robusta (Swamp mahogany)
www.wood-database.com

12. Themahoganytreeisanemergent,
frequentlyattainingheightsof100ormore
feet(RecordandMell1924,Snook1998)with
severalfeetindiameter,thebolestraight
andCBHasmuchas60feet,and
supportedbylargebuttressroots(Lamb1966;
Snook1998).
CubanMahogany/S.mahoganiisnolonger
availablefortradeduetooverharvestingin
the18thand19thcenturies.
Asthecurrenttradelevelcouldendanger
thelongevityofthespeciesandneedtobe
regulatedforitsfuture,nowitislistedin
appendixIIoftheCITES.Thisappliesonly
toCentralandSouthAmericanMahogany.
However,itisapplicabletoplantations
growninIndonesia,Fiji,Philippinesand
India.
Photo courtesy Leopold Grinage
8 men stand in front of this Mahogany
Tree. It would have taken a little over 20
men to form a full circle around this
magnificent Mahogany Tree. Amazing
Cuban Mahogany-Swietenia mahogani

13. Amonggenuinemahoganies,S.macrophyllahas
becomeapromisingtreespeciesforindustrial
plantationsaswellasforreforestationand
afforestation.
No.ofS.macrophyllaplantationsinsmall–holders
landincreasesinSEAsiancountriesespeciallyafter
1990s(duetorestriction/banonfellinginitsnative
States&hugedemand)
InIndia,mahoganywasintroducedintheBotanical
GardenatKolkatain1795.
Despiteofitsexcellenttimberqualityandearly
introduction,stillitislesser-knowntreespeciesinour
country.

14. S.macrophyllacantolerateawiderangeofsoilsand
environmentalconditions.
Itgrowswellonalluvialsoils,volcanicsoils,heavy
clays,lateriticsoilsandlimestonesoil,igneousor
metamorphicrockformations.
Itisconsideredaspioneerspeciesforre-vegetating
degradedagriculturalland.
Itcangrowonverypoorsoilsbutperformbeston
deep,fertile,well-drainedsoilswithapHof6.5–7.5.
Itisverywindfirmspecies.
Mahoganycangrowatelevationsof0–1500mMSL
wheremeanannualtemperatureof20–28°C.
ECOLOGICAL RANGE

15. Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia,
Costa Rica, Ecuador, El
Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras,
Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama,
Peru and Venezuela.
Native Range of Mahogany

16. 87.4%plantation in Indonesia (1,87,500
ha), Fiji(42,000) Philippines(34,000 ha)
and Mexico(21,400 ha).
10.21% in Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Solomon
Islands, Guadeloupe and Samoa (33,300
ha) & 2.4% in 9 countries (7,807 ha).
1,87,500 ha
34,000 ha
MAHOGANY PLANTATIONS IN SE ASIA

17. survey
Tamil Nadu (10)
Karnataka (2)
Kerala (22)
Topslip
Chennai
Tiruchirappalli
Thanjavur
Pudukkottai
Tiruvarur
Kothagiri
Burliyar
Sathyamangalam
Chetheri
Melpet
Denkanikotta
Ariyankavu
Punalur
Pathanapuram
Konni
Ranni
Vadasserykara
Maniyar
Naduvathumoozhi
Kasaragode
Kannur
Malaiyattur
Thrissur
Bangalore
Mysore
Hunsur
West Bengal
Maharastra
Punjab

18. Mahogany Populations in S.India
Tamil Nadu:
Topslip, Burliyar, Pacchamalai
Mayamapadi , Chetheri &
Kothagiri
Kerala
Nilambur, Punalur,
Achenkoil, Malaiyatur,
Kannur and Kasarkod.
Karnataka:
Bangalore & Mysore

19. State
No of
Populations
(CPTs)
Altitude
(m)
Height
(m)
GBH
(cm)
Clear
Bole
(m)
TamilNadu 10 (43)12-123410 -27120 -3802 -18
Kerala 22 (82)36-24721 -42105 -5948 -30
Karnataka 3 (23)826 -9448 -2766-3063 –9
Total 35 (148)
ABSTRACT PASSPORT DATA OF CPTS OF MAHOGANY

20. Selected populations of Swietenia mahoganyand S. macrophylla
in southern India

21. 1235
244
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
AltitudeGBH
Altitude and GBH variations of selected CPTs of S. macrophyllaat
Tamil Nadu

22. Height and clear bole variations of selected CPTs of S. macrophyllaat
Tamil Nadu
37
18
10
9
6
6.5
13
10
16
8
15
12.5
7.5
9.5
7
20
19
16
30 30
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Height Clear Bole

23. Altitude and GBH variations of selected CPTs of S. mahoganyat Tamil
Nadu
971
300
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
TCBP-6 TCBG-1 TCGG-2 TCCG-3 TCTG-4 TCTG-5 TCTG-6 TCMP-7 TTBG-1 TTBG-2 TTSG-3 TPCG-1 TPCG-2 TPCG-3 TTRG-1 TCSG-1 TDCG-1 TDDG-2 TTPG-1 TTPG-2 TTPG-3 TTPG-4 TTPG-5
Altitude GBH

24. Height and clear bole variations of selected CPTs of S.
mahoganiat Tamil Nadu
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Height Clear Bole

25. Distribution of Populations of Mahogany in Tamil Nadu

26. Topslip
Pachamalai
Denkanikotta

27. Barliyar populations
Kothagiri population

28. Thanjavur
Chennai populationSathiyamangalam population
Tiruvarur
Pudukkottai
Chennai population

29. 502
276
246
300
280
152
158
115
245
300
195
235
132
155
145
195
137
260
228228
142
163
182
212
160
200
180
145
150
306
165
148
156
183
245
143
105
594
250
258
353
250
295
156
183
170
161
340
317
385
272
527
364
262
313
188
120
162
152
253
387
150
232
282
212
192
219
190
160
255
498
260
237
265
254
318
406
536
210
155158
273
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
KTAP-1 KTAP-3 KPOP-5 KPTP-7
KVMP-9
KVMP-11 KVMP-13
KBKP-15 KKEP-17 KPNP-19 KKPP-21 KKPP-23
KKMP-25 KKMP-27 KKMP-29
KKPP-31 KKVP-33 KKVP-35
KKMP-37
KKCP-39 KKCP-41 KKPP-43 KKNP-45 KKNP-47 KKPP-49 KNCP-51 KNCP-53 KNNP-55 KNMP-57 KNMP-59
KNAP-61 KNAP-63 KNAP-65 KNAP-67 KNDP-69 KPDP-71 KPDP-73 KPDP-75 KPDP-77
KWKP-79 KWKP-81
AltitudeGBH
Altitude and GBH of selected CPTs of S. macrophyllaat Kerala

30. Height and Clear Bole Height of selected CPTs of S. macrophyllaat Kerala
30
29
30
29
26
30
32
22
33
28
33
27
24
30
32
2727
29
35
32
30
27
32
23
34
30
3232
33
36
27
25
23
22
26
24
21
42
34
39
40
37
40
30
25
32
30
34
27
30
37
34
32
29
30
20
22
25
23
31
30
28
30
28
32
30
35
25
27
23
3030
28
3131
29
35
40
20
14
15
28
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
KTAP-1 KTAP-4 KPTP-7
KVMP-10 KVMP-13
KKEP-16 KPNP-19 KKPP-22
KKMP-25 KKMP-28
KKPP-31 KKVP-34
KKMP-37
KKCP-40 KKPP-43 KKNP-46 KKPP-49 KNCP-52 KNNP-55 KNMP-58
KNAP-61 KNAP-64 KNAP-67 KNDP-70 KPDP-73 KPDP-76
KWKP-79 KWKP-82
HeightClear Bole

31. Distribution of Mahogany Populations in Kerala
in Kerala

32. Pambaha
Naduvathumoozhi
Maniyar
Ariyankavu Kasaragod

33. Kasaragod Population(Bhovikkannam) Kannur Population(Poozhiyode)
Kannur Population (Mangayam) Kannur Population(Panniyode)

34. SlNo. Place Lat. Long Alt.Ht.GBHCBH
1
LangfortRoad-Hocky
Association
12˚57'38"77˚36'00"852121204
2Lalbagh Garden 12˚56'43"77˚35'41"848131159
3Bangalore university 12˚56'58.5"77˚30'12.7"849890 4
4Bangalore university 12˚56'58.2"77˚30'16.4"845121005
5Bangalore university 13˚01'39.3"77˚34'32.2"839151415
6Hebbal 13˚02'36.1"77˚35'12.8"838221955
7Ring Rd,Bangalore 13˚00'57.1"77˚31'51.3"90499044
8
MargosaRd,
Malleswaram
13˚00'12.0"77˚34'09.2"919171688
9Millers Rd, Bangalore 12˚59'42.4"77˚35'54.5"944121657
Swietenia macrophylla in Karnataka
Location, Altitude , Ht., GBH & CBH of Selected CPTs

35. 5
3
4
5 5 5
3
6
7
16
21
8
10
18
17
20
25
15
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
KBLG-1KBUG-2KBUG-3KBUG-4KBUG-5KBMG-6KBMG-7KBMG-8KBWG-9
Clear Bole Height
Total Height and Clear Bole Height of selected CPTs of S. mahoganiat
Karnataka

36. Total Height and Clear Bole Height of selected CPTs of S. Macrophyllaat
Karnataka
4
9
4
5 5 5
44
8
7 7
6
8
5
6
12
13
8
12
15
22
9
17
12
15
17
18
15
17
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Clear Bole Height

37. Karnataka population

38. Populations of Big-leaf Mahogany in Kerala
Lalbagh Garden
Cubbon Park
Anekkal
Bannerghata Zoo
Malleswaram

39. Variations in Bark of CPTs of Mahogany

40. Variations in Bark of CPTs of Mahogany

41. Variations in Bark of CPTs of Mahogany

42. Variations in Leaf of CPTs of Mahogany

46. Collection of wood samples
Wood core samples
Wood sample fresh weight
Soil sample collection
Assessment of Wood Quality of CPTs & Soil Quality Studies

47. HOW TO ESTABLISH PLANTATION ?

49. FRUIT AND SEEDS OF MAHOGANY

50. Source Pre-treatmentPotting MediaGermination %
Siruvani
(S.mahogani)
Whole seed
Loculevia,
Naked seed
Sand bed
-Do-
Petri -plate
95-100
80
60
Pachamalai
(S.macrophylla)
Cold water
Over Night
Lab petr-iplate
Lab petri-plate
60
75
Pachamalai
(S.macrophylla)
With wing
De-winged
Sides nibbed
De-winged
Sand Bed
Sand Bed
Sand Bed
Petri-plate
28
40
52
40
Bangalore
(S.macrophylla)
De-winged Sand bed 24
Standardization of Swietenia seed germination

52. S.
No
Treatment
(IBA)
No of
Cuttin
gs
Potting
media
Time of
cuttings
Result
(Sprou
t)
Result
(Rooting
)
11500ppmPowderdip 50
Vermiculat
e
May √ x
2200ppm soaking 24hrs200VermiculateMay √ x
36000ppm (Leafpetiole)50VermiculateMay x√ (10%)
4
400ppm soaking 24hrs
800ppm soaking 24hrs
1200ppm soaking 24hrs
200VermiculateMay √ x
5
2000ppmsoaking 48hrs
3000ppm soaking 48hrs
4000ppm soaking 48hrs
(Stem)
268Soil(1:1:1)June√√ (20%)
Standardization of Vegetative Propagation

53. S.
No
Treatment
(IBA)
No of
Cutti
ngs
Potting
media
Time
of
cuttin
gs
Sprout
Rooti
ng
62000ppm powder -IBA
3000ppm powder-IBA
95Soil (1:1:1)Junex15%
74000ppm powder-IBA85VermiculaiteJulyx x
8
IBA+BAP
5000+1000ppm powder
5000+2000ppm powder
6000+1000ppm powder
6000+2000ppm powder
100VermiculaiteSeptx x
9
3000ppm water
treatment 48hrs
(Coppice fromCPTs)
40Soil(1:1:1)Nov √
(100%)
Yetto
Root
10
2000ppm powder –
IBA -Coppice -
Seedlings
25Soil(1:1:1)Oct√
(100%)
100%

54. Standardization of vegetative propagation technique
through leaf and stem cuttings
Stem Cuttings of CPTs
Rooted Leaf Cuttings of CPTs

55. Rooted Seedlings from Coppice Shoots (IBA 2000PPM)

57. Seedlingscanbeplantedinthefieldwhen
theyareabout50-100cmtall.
Closespacingcanhelpstoreduceweeds
growthandalsoservetoreducethe
developmentofvigorouslateralbranches.
SpacingforplantingS.macrophyllais
usually2-3m.
Mahogany in Agroforestrysystems & ToFs

58. Widerspacingofabout4-5×4-5m
isrecommendedforAgroforestry
systemsinordertoobtainmultiple
yieldsbyintercroppingmahogany
treeswithcassava,corn,peanut,
pumpkinandotheragriculturalcrops
andfoddergrasses.

60. Largest Mahogany
(Ht -35m & GBH 567cm)

61. PLANTATION MAINTENANCE
Weeding
Duringthefirst2yearsafterplanting,weedingandhoeingshould
bedone4timesevery6months.
Eitherlineweeding/ringweeding(ina1mdiameteraroundthe
seedling)isrecommended.
Fertilising
FertilisingS.macrophyllaseedlingsmayreducesusceptibilityto
shootborerdamagebyalteringthechemicalcompositionofthe
apicalshootsand/orenhancingtolerancebyimprovingvigour.
Usually,appliedafterplantingatadoseof75-100gNPKperplant
inaringaroundtheseedlings.
Replanting
Replantingcanbedonetwiceduringtherotation.
1
st
replantingnormallytakesplaceintherainyseasonat1month
afterplantingtoreplaceanydeadseedlings&
2
nd
isattheendofthesecondyear.

62. Removing dead or non-productive branches from the lower trunk to
encourage the production of clear wood.
It also reduces the risk of disease and pest infestations.
Pruning is usually done for the first 3 years;
Best time for pruning is just before the rainy season.
PRUNING

63. Done to improve the growth of remaining trees with an acceptable
form.
Diseased / pest-infested trees, deformed or poorly shaped trees and
suppressed trees removed.
1
st
thinning should be done in around 5-10 years, depending on site
quality and initial stand density.
No. of thinnings required in a rotation also varies depending on
initial density and site quality.
Interval period between thinnings is 5-10 years.
Multiple thinnings are suggested for closer spaced stands (3m ×3
m; 2m ×3 m). For stands with high initial planting density (2m ×
3 m), 4 -thinnings in a rotation is recommended.
For 3m ×3m spacing, 2 -3 thinning appears to be essential
In a wider spacing (4m ×4m), one thinning is suitable.
THINNING

64. CONTROL OF PESTS AND DISEASES
Mostdestructivepestistheshoot-borer
Hypsipylarobusta.
Oftennoticedonsaplingsandpolesize
Symptoms-terminalshootsdieback.
Larvaeboreintothegrowingshootsof
saplings,destroyingtheterminalbudand
causinggrowthretardationandstem
forking-multipleleadersareformed.
Atpresent,thereisnoeffectivemethodto
controlthisinsect.
Extensive pruning until 3 years
after planting may reduce the
threat.
Planting of repellent trees to the
moth along the plantation border or
in a mixed stand has also been
suggested to prevent the arrival of
moths for egg

66. MINOR PESTS
Leaf-feeding caterpillar (Attacus
atlas (Lepidoptera, Saturnidae) &
Leaf cutter bee (Megachile sp.)
Disease -bark rot.
Attacus atlas
Megachile sp
Bark rot

67. PRODUCTIVITY
In the best sites , Mahoganyplantations are predicted to reach a
maximum volume mean annual increment (MAI) of 38.1 m
3
/ha/year
and up to 572 m3/ha in 15 years &
In medium-quality sites, a volume MAI of 19.7 m
3
/ha/year can be
attained in 25 years, producing up to 493 m
3
/ha.
If the rotationis set to 30 years, stands growing in moderate sites can
attain a mean height of 24.4 m and a mean diameter of 35.4 cm and
produce total volume 583 m
3
/ha including thinning .
Thus, total timber volume yielded over the rotation of 15-30 years of
age was between 200.5 -501.6 m
3
/ ha with MAI of 7.7–19.3
m
3
/ha/year.
Price of Sawn wood (6+ ft length): US$ 1,230 -1,290 per
m
3
(Rs. 79,950 -83,850/-).
For 200 -501 m3/ ha in 15 -30 yrs rotation ,
US$ 2,46,000 –6,16,230 /ha (Rs.1,59,90,000 -
4,00,54,950/ha), i.e. Rs. 65,53,279 -1,64,15,963/acre)

68. African Mahogany:Furniture
high class joinery, boat building,
decorative vaneers, cabinetry,
etc.
American Mahogany: High
class furniture and cabinetry,
carving, model making,
flooring, boat building, musical
instruments, etc.
Ship building, furniture, high
class joinery, flooring,
plywood, decorative vaneers,
chemical tanks and vats, etc.
4-Faced Buddha -
Mahogany
Mahogany Pot

69. Excellent workability
Mahogany is known for its cooperative nature and easy sanding and machining
with enough hardness. As the grain is straight and consistent, there’s not much
that can go wrong ≠Teakdo not have this much quality.
Excellent stability
Mahogany is equally known for its superb dimensional stability. Flat pieces will
remain flat. Joints and glue-ups will remain intact. Despite seasonal changes,
mahogany exhibits minimal shrinkage and swelling ≠Teakis not Match with
Mahogany.
Decent rot resistance
Perhaps Mahogany is not same level asTeakbut certainly Respectable.
Beautiful grain
Mahoganydisplay stripe, ribbon, broken stripe, rope, ripple, mottle/ fiddle-back
figures ≠Teakis generally exhibits straight grain, mottled or fiddle-back figures.
Large, clear lumber
Mahogany trees are both tall and stout, yielding long, wide, knot and defect-free
boards. Teakknots and defects are major issue.
Rotation: Mahogany is 15-30yrs ≠Teak > 30yrs.
Leaf decomposition: Mahogany leaves easily decompose ≠Teak leaves takes
longer
What makes mahogany so great?

70. Muchofthefirst-qualityfurnituremadeintheAmerican
coloniesfromthemid18thcenturywasmadeofmahogany.
Mahoganyisstillwidelyusedforfinefurniture;however,the
rarityofCubanmahoganyandoverharvesting
ofHondurasandBrazilianmahoganyhasdiminishedtheiruse.
USAistheleadingmahoganyimporterfollowedbyUK
(Bridge,2012)-whilethelargestexportertodayisPeru,which
surpassedBrazilafterthatcountrybannedmahoganyexportsin
2001.
MahoganyisthenationaltreeoftheDominicanRepublic
(Alan(1997)andBelize.
In2005,thepriceofexportqualitymahoganywoodis$US
1,570–1,655/cu.m(र.1,02,050–1,07,575/-)intheUSmarket.
Facts continue…….

71. Mahogany –“Cure-all medicine”

74. THANK YOU
MAHOGANY –A PROMISING TREE FOR ENHANCING
WEALTH (TIMBER) & WEALTH ( LIFE SAVING DRUG)
OF PEOPLE