Mahoma

Mahoma

1. Sketch I Islam, an Saudi born religion. Mahoma was it founder. i The Arabian Peninsula a. Physical aspects. b. The inhabitants of Arabia: Nomadic and sedentary. 1) Bedouin 2) Yemenis c. Society: 1) Tribes and clans 2) Previous religious organization: Jewish, Christians, Polytheist. Worship at the moon god: Allah. 3) Social activity: herders of camels and sheep, II. Mahoma i . Biographical information: a) Name b) Birth c) Died ii . Revelation iii . Preaching: Corán. iv . Foundation of the Islamic era v. Death III. The expansion of the Islam IV. Conclusion Mahoma The Persian epic of Rostam and Esfandiyar from the Shahnameh. This kind of stories would influence later in the European epic songs. Courtesy: Wikipedia Common .

2. 330 The pro-Christian Roman emperor Constantine dedicates the city of Constantinople (in Greek "the city of Constantine"), established on the site of the Greek city Byzantium, as the new capital of the Roman Empire. 337 Saint Nina converts the Georgians to Orthodox Christianity. 395 The empire is divided into eastern and western portions under Arkadios and Honorius, the sons of Emperor Theodosius I. 410 Rome is sacked by the Visigoths. 476 Romulus Augustulus, the last Western Roman emperor, is deposed by the German Odoacer. 527 Justinian becomes Eastern Roman emperor. Constantinople covers eight square miles (Manhattan covers twenty-two square miles) with at least 500,000 inhabitants. 532 – 37 Justinian builds the church of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople. 548 – 65 Justinian builds a monastery dedicated to the Virgin on Mount Sinai; in the ninth century it is renamed for Saint Catherine. 639 Muslim armies conquer the southern territories of the Byzantine Empire (Syria, the Holy Land, Egypt, and Jordan). 726 Byzantine Emperor Leo III orders all icons in the Byzantine Empire destroyed. (Yikes!) 800 Charlemagne, king of the Franks, is crowned "Emperor of the West" by Pope Leo III in Rome. Ninth century Saint Constantine the Philosopher and Saint Methodios create a writing system for the Slavs; the Cyrillic alphabet will follow. Mahoma

3. Mahoma

4. Mahoma Courtesy: http://www.thirteen.org/edonline/accessislam/timeline.html

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6. World Muslim population by percentage (Pew Research Center, 2014). Courtesy: Wikipedia Common. Mahoma Islam is a word derived from the Arabic "salima" which can be translated as submission to the will of God, obedience, peace or salvation. Represents a Saudi-born religion promoted by the preaching of Muhammad in the early decades of the seventh century. [ 0] [0] http://www.arteguias.com/islam.htm

7. Mahoma Courtesy: http://www.slideshare.net/luisjosanchez/mapas-histricos-de-la-edad-media

8. Arcadio: East Roman Empire Honorio: Western Roman Empire EMPEROR THEODOSIUS DIVIDED THE EMPIRE BETWEEN HIS SONS Division of the Roman Empire. Courtesy: http://www.slideshare.net/luisjosanchez/mapas-histricos-de-la-edad-media Mahoma

9. The East Roman Empire: Byzantine Empire. Courtesy: http://www.slideshare.net/luisjosanchez/mapas-histricos-de-la-edad-media Mahoma

10. Byzantine 7th century (before the rise of Islam). Courtesy: http://www.slideshare.net/luisjosanchez/mapas-histricos-de-la-edad-media Mahoma

11. The Arabian Peninsula. Its physical aspects: Deserted. The two group of inhabitants of Arabia: Bedouin Yemenis They was nomadic people. The Society: Tribes and clans Previous religious organization: Jewish, Christian and polytheistic. Social activity: Agriculture and livestock and trade. Bedouin. Courtesy: http://lahavnet.co.il Mahoma Arabia peninsula is located To the Southwest of Asia and is limited to: North : Syrian desert; South: Gulf of Aden; East: Persian Gulf West: The Red Sea. It is a desert with a dry climate, agriculture is only possible in some parts of the coast and the interior oases

12. A Bedouin camp, by Karl Wilhelm Gentz . Courtesy: www.apuntesdehistoriauniversal.blogspot.com Mahoma

13. Some Saudis were nomadic or sedentary bedouins and others. The Bedouins were goat herders and commercial traffic with camel caravans, being led by a sedentary jeque.los living from agriculture, crafts and trade. The rich owned large tracts of land, caravans, livestock, and businesses dedicated to the craft. Free men were engaged in crafts; and the slaves were prisoners of war. Religion: each tribe had their own beliefs (polytheistic) MahomA

14. Name: Abu l- Qāsim Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al- Hāšimī al- Qurayšī o Mahoma. Date of born: Mecca, April 26 of 569/570 DC. (Year of elephant) Date of died: Medina,June 8 of 632 D.C. Biographical Data Weddings= 13 wifes Jadiya bint Juwaylid (595-619) Sawda bint Zamʿa (619-632) Aisha bint Abi Bakr (619-632) Ḥafṣa bint ʿUmar (624-632) Zaynab bint Juzayma (625-627) Hind bint Abi Umayya (629-632) Zaynab bint Ŷahš (627-632) Ŷuwayrīya bint al- Ḥāriṯ (628-632) Ramla bint Abi Sufyān (628-632) Rayḥana bint Zayd (629-631) Ṣafīya bint Ḥuyayy (629-632) Maymūna bint al- Ḥāriṯ (630-632) Māriya al- Qibṭīya (630-632) Illustration from the 15th century of a copy of a manuscript of Al - Biruni depicting Muhammad preaching the Qur'an in Makkah. Courtesy: Wikipedia Common. Mahoma Sons: 6 sons Qasim ibn Muhammad; Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ; Zainab bint Muhammad; Ruqayya bint Muhàmmad ;Umm Kulthum bint Muhammad ;Fátima az -Zahra

15. Etnia: Arabic (Quraysh). Semitic people. Tribal groups (families) that were part of the pre-Islamic States. Local problems with the Bedouin merchants caravan routes The revelation: Year 610 D.C. in cave of Hira on the Jabaal an Nur the " Mountain of Light" near Mecca. He saw visions of god and archangel Gabriel, who told him to write the Koran. The cave Hira in the mountain Jabal al- Nour where, according to Muslim belief, Muhammad received his first revelation. Courtesy: Wikipedia Common. Mahoma

16. El Islam - Mahoma 621 D.c. Hégira. Courtesy: http://www.slideshare.net/luisjosanchez/mapas-histricos-de-la-edad-media Mahoma

17. Under the influence of the Empire, Sassanid (last pre- islamic Persia dynasty) and Byzantine, being the big shopping caravan, Yathrib (current Medina) and Mecca , creating the latter a confederation of tribes around the Kaaba (the black stone). A political trouble in the Mesopotamia and Egypt, have resulted in problems with the caravan of Bedouins. The common trade route began to change to a more popular path onto the Mediterranean through Mecca to Yemen and then by ship across the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean. Image Courtesy: http://www.universodosviajantes.com Mahoma

18. Courtesy : http://redicecreations.com/article.php?id=17158 Mahoma

19. Muhammad is considered by the Islamic tradition as a direct descendant of Ishmael being related with the Quraysh dynasty and belonging to the Banu Hashim clan. This dynasty ruled “The holy city of Mecca” for five generations and his influence got the important mission of keeping the Kaaba, which already attracted numerous pilgrims to worship inside the 360 idols who were staying there. Mohammed belonged to a poor branch of the Quraysh , but his luck changed after his marriage with a widow named Khadija , to be responsible for their business. Mahoma Imaginary Portrait of Muhammad Courtesy: www.biografiasyvidas.com

20. Mahoma Countries that form today the Arabian peninsula. Courtesy: http://microrespuestas.com/que-paises-forman-la-peninsula-arabiga

21. The Archangel Gabriel and Muhammad. Courtesy: www.biografiasyvidas.com Sometimes the revelations produced it certain physical reactions : He felt pain and perceived a strong sound, like ringing of bells; Sometimes, on cold days, his disciples saw how thick drops of sweat fell from his front, while the revelation took place. Jadicha, his wife, was the first disciple and who supported him in moments of crisis to experience the first visions; she convinced him of the prophetic nature of such experiences [0] [0] http ://www.biografiasyvidas.com/monografia/mahoma / Mahoma

22. Three areas were distinguished • The southern area , whose population was soon settled and began to live in cities. • Indoor area and inhabited by nomadic desert Bedouins living by herding goats and camels. • The western area, where the largest cities (Mecca and Medina) were. Arabian Peninsula. It was a passage for merchant caravans carrying their products to major areas of Arabia. Courtesy : http://es.slideshare.net/copybird/2-eso-presentaciontema5?related=1 Mahoma

23. Preaching Islam arose as a continuation of Christianity and Judaism , religions that Mahoma knew. At the beginning, Mahoma had a hard confrontation with the polytheistic Arabs . But then, Muhammad begins to attack the way of life of the rich of the Mecca. So, Muhammad began to be seen as a political enemy. Mahoma Preaching of Muhammad in Mecca. Courtesy: www.biografiasyvidas.com

24. His uncle and protector Abu Talib and his wife died in the year 619. His second wife was Sawda, a widow who was among the first disciples. Abu Lahab , successor of the uncle , removal protection to the Prophet. Mohammed escaped to Al - Ta'if it attempted to put its inhabitants against Mecca , but he can't, and was even stoned by the crowd. He returned to Mecca clandestinely obtained the protection of one of the clans, and their proselytizing was bound. Muhammad tried to made Pricing with various nomadic tribes near Mecca, but neither succeeded. Mahoma Miniature from Rashid-al-Din Hamadani's Jami al- Tawarikh , c. 1315, illustrating the story of Muhammad's role in re-setting the Black Stone in 605. ( Ilkhanate period). Courtesy: Wikipedia Common.

25. The Hegira In 620, Mahoma contacted inhabitants of Medina. The following year, these same pilgrims, on behalf of the majority of the clans of Medina, promised to Muhammad accepting him as a prophet, and obey him. This event was baptized with the name of the first oath of Al - Aqaba . Muhammad sent ahead to one of his men to preach his doctrine and at the same time informed of the political situation in that city. Emigration (Hegira) to Medina was staggered groups not to draw attention. The latest in splitting were Muhammad, his friend Abu Bakr, his cousin Ali and some of his relatives. The Islamic calendar counts the years from July 16, 622, date of the Hijra . Muhammad is defended by his father-in-law Abu Bakr. Turkish miniature of the 16th century. Courtesy: Wikipedia Common. Mahoma

26. The Archangel Gabriel and Muhammad in the battle of Badr. Courtesy: www.biografiasyvidas.com Mahoma The new faith in Medina In Medina, was drafted the Constitution of Medina. His first hit, was getting the tribe to accepted the new beliefs. This success would have deep political repercussions. The new community not be arrived with the laws, customs and urban traditions imposed by the aristocracy,. That will be given its own rules emanating from Allah, the one God, through his Prophet Muhammad.

27. The Arabian peninsula, Middle East and North Africa during the middle ages. Courtesy: apuntesdehistoriauniversal.blogspot.com Mahoma

28. The War In April 623 Mahoma consummated the marriage, held two years ago in Mecca, Abu Bakr, Aisha , nine-year-old daughter . In the same year, began attacks on mequies caravans. But the most important battle took place March 15, 624 at the battle of Badr . 300 men of Muhammad defeated a caravan, guarded by 900 men . In the battle, died main leaders of the Mecca. Before his death in 632, Mahoma had consolidated his hold on the Arabian peninsula. Courtesy: Wikipedia Common. Mahoma

29. Military successes of the Mohammedans, finished with the commerce of Mecca, and their leaders agreed that Muhammad safeguard its commercial interests. Muhammad seized Mecca in the year 631, destroyed idols and decreed a general amnesty. After successive battles did undergo throughout Arabia in the 632. Then, after his death, the Arab tribes will embark in an unprecedented expansion. Mahoma Last pilgrimage of Muhammad onto the Mecca. Courtesy: www.biografiasyvidas.com

30. Death of Mahoma That same year Mahoma(632 DC), in person he directed the pilgrimage to Mecca, which had already become an exclusively Muslim rite. On 15 March of 632 , suffering from fever and strong headaches, he died with his face on the knees of his young wife Aisha. His father-in-law and friend, Abu Bakr, would succeed the Prophet in the Caliphate. Death of Mahoma on the Siyer-i Nebi of 1596. Courtesy: Wikipedia Common. Mahoma

31. Mohamed's death the Arabs had a common religion, had become accustomed to obey a sovereign and were able to start the conquest of an empire. They were the intermediaries between the Asian world and Western Europe. They were throwing at combat with irresistible push and, despite lacking military bases, lines of communication, supplies and equipment, their victories were so quick and decisive that fifteen years after the death of the Prophet, the Crescent banner waved on Damascus, Antioch, Jerusalem, Tripoli, Egypt and much of North Africa. Mahoma Bedouins: Scene of Lawrence of Arabia (1962). Courtesy: apuntesdehistoriauniversal.blogspot.com

32. They conquered throughout Persia, Turkestan and the territories situated on the shores of the black and Caspian seas. In 711 they crossed the Strait of Gibraltar, and after defeating the Spanish Visigoths on the banks of the Guadalete, was splattered like a cyclone throughout the Iberian Peninsula. From the border of France began planning the conquest of Europe and the destruction of Christianity; they crossed the Pyrenees and threatened Gaul, but they were stopped in Poitiers by the Franks. In that memorable battle occurred 732 died the emir Abd ar-Rahman el- Gafeki , Arabic caudillo, defeated by the famous Carlos Martel. Mahoma The Kaaba sanctuary Courtesy: apuntesdehistoriauniversal.blogspot.com

33. Mahoma The Qur'an, modern version of Al - Azhar , 1123. Courtesy: Wikipedia Common. The Expansion Two stages: 1. The period of the Umayyad Dynasty (Omayyad C a liphate 661-750) They submitted to the North African Berbers. Easy penetration and rapid conquest (711 AD) of the Visigoth kingdom by the Arabs. Victoria of the franks in 731 AD at the Battle of Poitiers. Damascus, the Syrian capital, which became the political center of the Arab Empire. Expansion and consolidation of classical Islamic civilization.

34. 2. The period Abbasi (el Califato Abbasi 750-945) religious boundaries, as there are territories such as Al- Andalus , North Africa and the occupied areas of India, beyond the political authority of the caliph. The capital was moved from Damascus to Baghdad (the current capital of Iraq) and Persian influence grew considerably in culture and Islamic art. The subsequent political developments: Preponderance of the Turkish dynasties, have a profound influence on the cultural and artistic field. Geographically Islam expands to Eastern Indonesia, after entering the center of Asia and Africa. And still, even today, a religion in global expansion. Mahoma Courtesy: Wikipedia Common Courtesy: Wikipedia Common

35. Mahoma Expansión del Islam bajo el califato ortodoxo. Courtesy : www.biografiasyvidas.com

36. Mahoma El califato omeya . Courtesy : www.biografiasyvidas.com

37. Mahoma El califato abasí . Courtesy : www.biografiasyvidas.com

38. Mahoma To the principle, they ruled without promoting radical changes in conquered societies. Initially, a massive conversion of Christians was not intended. [0] During the first 100 years of life of Islam, there is no really new art development. Map of fast the expansion. Courtesy: http://www.arteguias.com [0] http://www.arteguias.com/islam.htm

39. Mahoma Expansión islámica - cronología

40. Muslim conquests to 661 d. c. Courtesy: www.apuntesdehistoriauniversal.blogspot.com Mahoma

41. Possibly one of the first truly original contributions of Muslim art was writing as decoration. Although the writing is based on the religious significance of the buildings consecrated to God, is not negligible aesthetic value that the traces of Kufic script is on the walls. Mahoma Courtesy: http://www.arteguias.com ART

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