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1. This Japanese word means play and was believed to be the main idea of Oriental Dances. a. Hara Kiri b. Sakura c. Asobi d. Kabuki

Hara Kiri sometimes referred to as Seppuku, is a form of Japanese ritual suicide by disembowelment. It was originally reserved for samurai in their code of honor but was also practiced by other Japanese people during the Shōwa period to restore honor for themselves or for their families. Sakura A cherry blossom is a flower of many trees of genus Prunus or Prunus subg. Cerasus. They are also known as Japanese cherry and sakura. They generally refer to ornamental cherry trees, not to be confused with cherry trees that produce fruit for eating. It is considered the national flower of Japan.

Asobi Team Asobi was first formed in 2012 as internal part of Japan Studio based in Tokyo by Nicolas Doucet.The team's name is derived from the Japanese word "Asobu", meaning "To Play". After forming, they worked on technical demos and went on to develop The Playroom (2013), Kabuki Kabuki is a classical form of Japanese dance-drama. Kabuki theatre is known for its heavily-stylised performances, the often-glamorous costumes worn by performers, and for the elaborate kumadori make-up worn by some of its performers.

2. In the ethnic tradition of Philippine dance, what dances transform defenses and livelihood activities to celebratory dances? a. Life-cycle dances b. Occupational dances c. Imitative dances d. Ritual dances

Life- cycle Dances Life-cycle Dances are dances which celebrate an individual's birth, baptism, courtship, wedding and demise . The life of the young is devoutly and joyfully ushered in nurtured and promoted. Examples of these dances are. MANMANOK - Manmanok is a dance that dramatizes three roosters from the Bago Tribe who compete against one another to be able to get the attention of a hen, Lady Lien. The Takik is a Bontoc courtship dance performed by a man and a woman. At least 5 other male dancers accompany them, providing the music and rhythm for the dance. Occupational Dances depict the lifestyle and daily work of the people living in various topographies . The fishing villages from north to south of the archipelago developed folk dances depicting their customs in the workplace. Mananagat Dance- Mananagat is occupational dance which originated from Bogo, Cebu. This dance imitates the work of a fisherman and his companions.

Imitative Dances Imitation dance. an imitation of an animal (that can represent a God), or an event or battle, to help a desired outcome to happen. Example: The Egungun. commemorative. a dance usually done to celebrate and event. Egungun , in the broadest sense is any Yoruba masquerade or masked, costumed figure. More specifically, it is a Yoruba masquerade for ancestor reverence, or the ancestors themselves as a collective force. Ritual Dances Ritual Dances combine improvisational movement, music and ritual for a specific, shared purpose . This Ritual allows us to commune in a very ancient way for healing, grieving, expression or celebration with the request of support from the unseen, the Otherworld, our ancestors or deities.

3. Became extremely popular in the 19th century in Europe was a form of quadrille which combined contredanses and cotillions. a. Square Dance b. Virginia Reel c. Rigodon d. French Quadrille

Square Dance A square dance is a dance for four couples (eight dancers in total) arranged in a square, with one couple on each side, facing the middle of the square. Virginia Reel The Virginia reel is a folk dance that dates from the 17th century. Though the reel may have its origins in Scottish country dance and the Highland reel, and perhaps have an even earlier origin from an Irish dance called the Rinnce Fada, it is generally considered to be an English country dance.

Rigodon Rigodon is the Tagalog word derived from the Spanish word 'Rigaudon', for a type of quadrille dance 'of changing partners', which originated in the south of France (as rigadoon) and was popularized during the Spanish colonial period of the Philippines. French Quadrille A quadrille is a type of dance for four couples, with each couple forming a single side of a square. It developed from the cotillon, an earlier form of square dance, and became popular in the French court of the early 19th century.

4. In Central Europe, this dance originally from Bohemia and introduced in Paris in 1840 was feverishly welcomed as a fashionable ballroom dance of tremendous energy. a. Mazurka b. Waltz c. Polka d. Galop

Mazurka The mazurka is a Polish musical form based on stylised folk dances in triple meter, usually at a lively tempo, with character defined mostly by the prominent mazur's "strong accents unsystematically placed on the second or third beat ". Waltz The Waltz is a smooth dance that travels around the line of dance. Characterized by its “rise and fall” action, the Waltz includes a step, slide, and step in 3/4 time. Dancers should move their shoulders smoothly, parallel with the floor instead of up and down. Originating in southern Germany in the 17th century, the popularity of the Waltz dance grew with the music of Johann Strauss and exploded to great popularity in the 20th century.

Polka The polka is originally a Czech dance and genre of dance music familiar throughout all of Europe and the Americas. It originated in the middle of the nineteenth century in Bohemia, now part of the Czech Republic. Galop In dance, the galop, named after the fastest running gait of a horse, a shortened version of the original term galoppade, is a lively country dance, introduced in the late 1820s to Parisian society by the Duchesse de Berry and popular in Vienna, Berlin and London.

5. In the Cuban tradition, the verb rumbiar simply means - a. to dance b. to turn c. to move d. to glide

6. This is a Mexican hat dance of Mexico. a. Joropo b. Jarabe Tapatio c. Zapateado d. Cuenca

Joropo The joropo is a musical style resembling the fandango, and an accompanying dance. It originated in Venezuelan territory and is also present in the eastern Colombian plains. It has African, Native South American, and European influences. In 1882 it became Venezuela's national dance. Jarabe Tapatio Jarabe tapatío, often referred to as the Mexican hat dance, is the national dance of Mexico. It originated as a courtship dance in Guadalajara, Jalisco, during the 19th century, although its elements can be traced back to the Spanish zambra and jabber gitano, which were popular during the times of the viceroyalty.

Zapateado Zapateado is a style of dance and traditional music of Andalusian origins in metre, with lively movement, marked on two beats, the second being very stressed. The dance shows a gracious tapping. Humanists of 16th century affirmed that zapateado derived from the lactisma of the Roman dancers in times of the Empire. Cuenca (X) Cueca is a family of musical styles and associated dances from Chile, Argentina, and Bolivia. In Chile, the cueca holds the status of national dance, where it was officially declared as such by the Pinochet dictatorship on September 18, 1979.

7. This was a lively dance in triple meter that gained popularity during the time of King Louis XIV, the Sun King. The small steps were essential part of the dance. a. Courante b. Pavane c. Sarabande d. Minuet

Courante courante, (French: “running”) also spelled courant, Italian corrente, court dance for couples, prominent in the late 16th century and fashionable. Pavane pavane, (probably from Italian padovana, “Paduan”), majestic processional dance of the 16th- and 17th-century European aristocracy. Until about 1650 the pavane opened ceremonial balls and was used as a display of elegant dress.

Sarabande sarabande, originally, a dance considered disreputable in 16th-century Spain, and, later, a slow, stately dance that was popular in France. ... The sarabande remained popular in France through the 17th century and survived somewhat longer as a stage dance. Minuet minuet, (from French menu, “small”), elegant couple dance that dominated aristocratic European ballrooms, especially in France and England, from about 1650 to about 1750. It was especially popular at the court of Louis XIV of France. Dancers, in the order of their social position, often performed versions with especially choreographed figures, or floor patterns, and prefaced the dance with stylized bows and curtsies to partners and spectators.

8. John Philip Sousa, the King of March produced many popular marches. This dance was basically a marching step with interpolated skips became popular. a. One-step b. Boston Two-step c. Twist d. Mambo

9. In1900, this jerky Negro rhythms challenged the smoothly gliding waltz. a. Cakewalk b. Bunny Hug c. Jitterbug d. Boogie-Woogie

Cakewalk The cakewalk was a dance developed from the "prize walks" held in the mid-19th century, generally at get-togethers on Black slave plantations before and after emancipation in the Southern United States. Bunny Hug The bunny hug was a dancing style performed by young people, in the early 20th century. It is thought to have originated in San Francisco, California in the Barbary Coast dance halls along with the Texas Tommy, turkey trot, and grizzly bear.

Jitterbug Jitterbug is a generalized term used to describe swing dancing. It is often synonymous with the lindy hop dance but might include elements of the jive, east coast swing, collegiate shag, charleston, balboa and other swing dances. Boogie- Woogie Boogie-woogie is a form of swing dance which is closely related to Boogie-woogie genre of music.

10. This was classical ballet choreographed in 1890 by Petipa and first performed in Russia. a. Sleeping Beauty b. Midsummer Night’s Dream c. Fierbird d. Swan Lake

Sleeping Beauty The Sleeping Beauty is a ballet in a prologue and three acts, first performed in 1890. The music was composed by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. The score was completed in 1889, and is the second of his three ballets. Midsummer Night’s Dream "A Midsummer Nights Dream, as part of the Macmillan Modern Shakespeare Series, is a large-format illustrated text which is an ideal and easy introduction to Shakespeares plays.

Fierbird (X) FireBird At the height of the Cold War, a troubled soldier forms a forbidden love triangle with a fighter pilot and his female comrade amid the dangerous surroundings of a Soviet air force base. Swan Lake Swan Lake, Op. 20, is a ballet composed by Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky in 1875–76. Despite its initial failure, it is now one of the most popular ballets of all time.

11. The Russian choreographer who defected to America in 1933 was one of ballet’s greatest innovators and is considered by many to be the greatest contemporary ballet choreographer. a. Marius Petipa b. Lev Ivanov c. George Balanchine d. Michel Fokine

Marius Petipa Marius Ivanovich Petipa, born Victor Marius Alphonse Petipa, was a French ballet dancer, pedagogue and choreographer. Petipa is one of the most influential ballet masters and choreographers in ballet history. Lev Ivanov Lev Ivanovich Ivanov was a Russian ballet dancer and choreographer and later, Second Balletmaster of the Imperial Ballet. As a performer with the Imperial Ballet, he achieved prominence after performing as an understudy in a benefit performance of La Fille Mal Gardée. Born: March 2, 1834, Russian Empire Died: December 24, 1901, Saint Petersburg, Russia

George Balanchine George Balanchine was a Georgian-American ballet choreographer who was one of the most influential 20th-century choreographers. Styled as the father of American ballet, he co-founded the New York City Ballet and remained its Artistic Director for more than 35 years. Born: January 22, 1904, Saint Petersburg, Russia Died: April 30, 1983, Manhattan, New York, United States Michel Fokine Michael Fokine was a groundbreaking Imperial Russian choreographer and dancer. Born: April 23, 1880, Saint Petersburg, Russia Died: August 22, 1942, New York, New York, United

12. She became Europe’s first great modern dancer. She founded an influential dance school in her native Germany in 1920. a. Martha Graham b. Mary Wigman c. Ruth St. Denis d. Doris Humphrey

Martha Graham Martha Graham was an American modern dancer and choreographer. Her style, the Graham technique, reshaped American dance and is still taught worldwide. Graham danced and taught for over seventy years. Born: May 11, 1894, Allegheny Died: April 1, 1991, New York, New York, United States Mary Wigman Mary Wigman was a German dancer and choreographer, notable as the pioneer of expressionist dance, dance therapy, and movement training without pointe shoes. She is considered one of the most important figures in the history of modern dance. Wikipedia Born: November 13, 1886, Hanover, Germany Died: September 18, 1973, West Berlin

Ruth St. Denis Ruth St. Denis was an American pioneer of modern dance, introducing eastern ideas into the art. She was the co-founder of the American Denishawn School of Dancing and Related Arts and the teacher of several notable performers. Born: January 20, 1879, Newark, New Jersey, United States Died: July 21, 1968, Hollywood, Los Angeles, California, United States Doris Humphrey Doris Batcheller Humphrey was an American dancer and choreographer of the early twentieth century. Along with her contemporaries Martha Graham and Katherine Dunham, Humphrey was one of the second . Born: October 17, 1895, Oak Park, Illinois, United States Died: December 29, 1958, New York, New York, United States

13. Dance in the ballroom maintained its continuing identity as a polite art. Standard four dances had been codified in England. Which of the following options contain the standard four dances? a. Foxtrot, Rumba, Tango, Quickstep b. Foxtrot, Waltz, Tango, Quickstep c. Jive, Paso Doble, Rumba, Cha Cha Cha d. Cha Cha Cha, Waltz, Foxtrot, Jive

Modern sequence dancing has a repeat of the steps at every sixteenth bar, typically going on for five or six sequences in all. Specially performed sequence dance music in strict tempo is usually needed, although some 'ordinary' music may suffice provided it is played in 16 bar sections or sequences throughout. Ideally, sequence music will have a four bar introduction at the correct tempo and in the correct rhythm, followed by 5 or 6 sixteen bar sequences allowing all dancers to progress around the room and ending when the music finishes. Modern dances: Waltz, Tango, Foxtrot, Quickstep Latin-American dances: Rumba, Cha-cha-cha, Samba, Jive, Paso Doble, Bossa Nova, Salsa, Mambo.

14. The dance Samba is innately – a. an Argentinian dance b. a Spanish dance c. a Cuban dance d. a Brazilian dance

Argentinian Dance The Argentine tango is an iconic form of dance, famous the world-over for its passion, rhythm and skill level. Here at pampeano, a company with its roots firmly in Argentine culture, the Argentine tango is our favourite dance in the world. Spanish Dance The concept of Spanish dance immediately conjures up images of the strumming guitars, stomping feet and bright dresses of flamenco. While many people make this common connection between Spain and flamenco, a plethora of traditional dances from Spain's various regions weave into the lengthy history of Spanish dance. For example, not many people would ever expect to visit Spain and hear the music of bagpipes and tambourines floating through the air, yet it is the traditional music accompanying Spanish dance across northern Spain! Flamenco. We need to start with FLAMENCO, this is the most famous traditional Spanish dance. ... Paso Doble. Another very famous Spanish dance is the Paso Doble. ... Zambra. Zambra is one of the most sensual dances on our list. ... Jota. Muiñeira. A dance found in the north-western region of Galicia.

Cuban Dance The mambo, the cha-cha-cha, salsa and of course the rumba – Afro Cuban dance has had a global impact that continues to influence today. Learn how these dances, a legacy of Cuba's slave trade, have escaped suppression to become a defining symbol of Cuban identity and culture. Brazilian Dance samba, ballroom dance of Brazilian origin, popularized in western Europe and the United States in the early 1940s. Characterized by simple forward and backward steps and tilting, rocking body movements, it is danced to music in 4/4 time with syncopated rhythm.

15. What dance imitated of the bull fight which stemmed from Spain but was refined for the ballroom in the Southern region in France, The man represents the matador, the lady his cape. a. Paso Doble b. Samba c. Mambo d. Swing

Paso Doble Paso Doble is a dance performed in Dancing with the Stars. It is a Latin dance, originated in Spain and related to bullfighting. The leader of the dance is the male and he represents the bullfighter, also known as the matador, while the woman represents the bullfighter's cape. Samba Samba is a style of dance and music from Brazil. It developed from a complex mix of influences including West African slaves brought to Bahia, a region in Brazil, by Portuguese traders

Mambo Originating from Cuba in the 1930s, Mambo is enjoyed throughout the world at both the social and competitive dance levels. ... The Mambo dance originated as a mixture of Afro-Caribbean and Latin American cultures. The word “mambo” denotes an African origin, particularly from the Congo region. Swing As we said above, swing dancing originated in Harlem during the 1920s with jazz music, and it was called “Lindy Hop.” Cab Calloway was one of the band leaders who developed the type of music that lent itself to the bouncy movements of swing.

16. This is the dance term used, when the boy turns to the girl at his left and takes her L hand in his L hand and turns her once around counterclockwise, then both falling back to places in a square formation. a. Allemande Left b. Circle Left c. Allemande Right d. Circle Right

Allemande Left Filters. (square dance) Move in which two facing dancers take left hands or forearms, turn halfway around to the left, let go, and step forward. Circle Left The command "Circle", without a direction, is a shorthand for Circle Left. It is mainly used in Singing Calls when required by the timing of the lyrics. When circling, "Reverse" or "Go The Other Way" can be used to tell the dancers to stop and circle in the other direction.

Allemande Right Allemande right are similar to the Turn by the right which quite often precedes Taking hands in Allemande hold. Circle Right (while circling left) Reverse, and Circle Right the other way back. Circle. Dance action: Dancers join hands with adjacent dancers to form a circle and movement.

17. The couple’s original position in a set. a. Corner position b. Opposite position c. Home position d. Costado

Corner Position In a Longwise set of 3 Couples in Scottish Country Dancing, the Dancing couple frequently operate in the centre of The set with one Couple Above them and one Couple Below them. These Supporting Dancers are the Corners; the Dancing man has two Ladies as his Corners and the Dancing lady two Men. Occasionally, the Dancing couple may be 2nd Couple so that 1st and 3rd Couples are their Corners and are already in Place at the beginning of the Repeat, as in the Scottish Country Dance MacDonald Of The Isles. Much more commonly, 1st Couple is the Dancing couple and so their Corners (2nd Couple in 1st Place and 3rd Couple in 3rd Place) are not established until after a Figure (such as 1s Cast While 2s Step up) has interchanged 1st and 2nd Couples; the following diagram shows this situation.

Opposite Position - Reverse Position So important is your dance position and the connection between you and your partner. Before you can move as one, lightly and smoothly around the floor, the gentleman's lead clear and unambiguous, and the lady's follow responsive and precise, you have to get into position and be connected.

Home Position - Original position in a set Costado This is of Spanish origin. “Costados” – When dancers are in square formation, the couples occupying the length of the hall are called “costados

18. Leap sideward R(L) (ct. 1), step L ( R ) across R(L) (ct. and), close R(L) to L ( R ) (ct. 2), pause (ct. and) is the dance pattern of what dance step? a. Pas de Basque b. Hopsa c. Leap step d. Polka step

Pas de Basque a ballet step in three beats, with a circular movement of the front leg on the second beat. (especially in jigs and reels) a step in three beats with one long and two short movements, transferring weight from one foot to the other. Image #3 Hopsa Basic steps Gent: 2 hops (= small jumps) on the left foot, 1 bar, + 2 hops on the right foot, 1 bar. Lady: the same but: opposite foot. In the hop my foot does not leave the floor, except when I want to show special youthfulness. (Very skilled dancers may include an intermediate step with the other foot in between the hops, but it is anyway hard to find time for that with the speed I play hopsa).

Leap Step Polka Step The basic polka step consists of a preparatory hop followed by a chasse done first to the left and then to the right. The Polka is primarily a fast dance. It is danced to music written in 2/4 time with the first beat more heavily accented. Polka music may also be written in 4/4 time.

19. All of the following international dance steps can be executed in 24 and 34 signatures, EXCEPT – a. Grapevine b. Shuffling c. Bleking d. Hopsa

DANCE STEPS MUSIC TIMESIGNATURE 1.BLEKING 2/4 2.CHASSE 2/4 3.DUTCH STEP ¾ 4.GALOP 2/4 5.HOPSA 2/4 6.MAZURKA 3/4 7.MINCING 2/4 8.MINUET 2/4 9.SCHOTTISCHE 4/4 10.SHUFFLING 2/4 11.BALLROOM WALTZ 3/4 12.BOX SQUARE WALTZ ¾ 13.CROSS WALTZ ¾ 14.WALTZ TURN ¾ 15.VARSOVIENNE 3/4

20. Which of the following is the step pattern for Ballroom Waltz/ a. Step close step b. Step slide close c. Slide close step d. Step step close

21. What makes Russian polka distinct from other polkas? a. There is the hop on count and of the previous measure. b. There is an inward foot circle on the air and a hop on count and of the previous measure. c. There is the heel brushing first on count and of the previous measure before putting weight on it. d. There is the heel-place in front and a toe touch in rear.

Polka Step in the Philippines Starting with outside foot, take 2 heel and toe polka steps forward. ( 4 measures) One polka step outward (1 measure) and one polka step inward (1 measure). ( 2 measures) Drop inside hands. ... Repeat (a-c), starting with inside foot. ... Repeat all (a-d).

22. Which of the following is the step pattern for Prysiadka? a. Full-knees bend with knees apart, crosshands down in front (ct. 1), jump to standing position, with feet apart sideward, toes pointed upward and fling arms obliquely upward, palms facing front (ct. 2). b. Step R sideward (ct. 1), close L to R (ct. 2) step R sideward (ct. 3), hop on R, swing the L foot in front (ct. 4). c. With an inward foot circle in the air of the R (L) foot, hop on L (R) (ct. and of previous M) and execute the polka step forward crossing the R (L) foot over the L (R) first (cts. 1 and 2). d. Full-knee bend on R (L) and stretch L ( R ) leg forward (ct. 1), with a spring reverse the position of the feet (ct. 2).

Prysiadka ( Russian squat kick ) The squat-and-kick move itself is properly called prisyadka (knee-bending) and is just one part of the Hopak dance, but it's the only part known to most non-Russians due to its inherently funny looks and obvious athleticism required. The squat dance is an eastern Slavic folk dance. East Slavic culture arose from Slavic, Uralic and Turkic peoples and was influenced by eastern and western cultures from Asia and Europe, mainly from Scandinavia and Baltic regions, as well as from nomadic Eurasian steppe cultures.

23. Richie is tasked to execute four (4) varsouvienne steps by his professor. How many measures will it take for Richie to complete the task? a. five measures b. six measures c. seven measures d. eight measures

24. The 1 –Bar step construction of Jive is “Step Step Jive Chasse”. Which the following is its timing? a. Quick Quick Slow b. Quick Quick Quick a Quick c. Slow Slow Quick Quick Slow d. Slow Quick Quick

1 –Bar step construction of Jive is “Step Step Jive Chasse” Timing: The correct way of counting the Jive Chasse is Quick a Quick. One bar construction including a Jive Rock: Quick Quick Quick a Quick, for example Whip, steps 1 & 2 for the man are a Latin Cross and a side step. One and a half bar construction: Quick Quick Quick a Quick Quick a Quick, for example Basic in Fallaway.

25. The rhythm “Slow Slow Quick Quick Slow “ or “ 2 3 4 and 1” is an off-beat rhythm for – a. Rumba b. Samba c. Cha Cha Cha d. Paso Doble

Rumba The basic rhythm in rumba is slow-quick-quick, with the first step taking 2 beats and the last two steps each taking one beat. It is done as a box step, just like waltz! However, that's where the similarity ends. Samba Samba is counted in 2/4 time (2 beats to a bar of music). The only important thing to remember is that the dance is done in triple time - meaning, three steps are performed in two beats. There are many versions of the Samba - Mesemba, Carioca, a Baion, a Batucado, Conga, Carnivale and so on.

Cha Cha Cha The rhythmic step pattern for cha-cha combines a break step (two weight changes in two counts to execute a change of direction that propels the body in a new direction on each step) with a triple step (three weight changes in two counts) that is executed twice for a total of eight counts. Paso Doble Paso Doble music has strong Flamenco influences, so it will sound similar to Flamenco music. The bold, inspiring music has a simple 1-2-1-2 march rhythm, with very few rhythm changes. The tempo of Paso Doble music is usually a brisk 60 beats per minute.

Tango Basic is made of five steps taken to 8 counts of music. The rhythm is slow, slow, quick, quick, slow. The slow steps consume two beats of music and the quick steps one.

PART 2

1. When the physical education teacher assists a student in making personal and group adjustments as well as adjustments as a member of society, which of the following objectives does he want to attain? a. Physical Fitness Development objective b. Cognitive Development Objective c. Motor Skills development objective d. Social-Emotional-Affective Development Objective

2. Which of the following ally of physical education concerns itself on aesthetic expression through movements? a. Sport b. Health c. Dance d. Games

Sport an activity involving physical exertion and skill in which an individual or team competes against another or others for entertainment. Health Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. ... The achievement of any State in the promotion and protection of health is of value to all.

Dance dance, the movement of the body in a rhythmic way, usually to music and within a given space, for the purpose of expressing an idea or emotion, releasing energy, or simply taking delight in the movement itself. Games A game is a structured form of play, usually undertaken for entertainment or fun, and sometimes used as an educational tool. Games are different from work, which is usually carried out for remuneration, and from art, which is more often an expression of aesthetic or ideological elements.

3. All of the following are attributes of the philosophy of existentialism that influence learning experiences in physical education, EXCEPT – a. Competition b. Creativity c. Self-responsibility d. Self-awareness

4. Self-direction and individualized learning are important in the teaching and learning process in physical education. These aspects are emphasized in this philosophical approach. a. Idealism b. Pragmatism c. Realism d. Naturalism

Idealism An ideology is a set of beliefs or philosophies attributed to a person or group of persons, especially as held for reasons that are not purely epistemic, in which "practical elements are as prominent as theoretical ones." Pragmatism Pragmatism is a philosophical tradition that considers words and thought as tools and instruments for prediction, problem solving, and action, and rejects the idea that the function of thought is to describe, represent, or mirror reality.

Realism Realism in the arts is generally the attempt to represent subject matter truthfully, without artificiality and avoiding speculative fiction and supernatural elements. The term is often used interchangeably with naturalism, even though these terms are not synonymous. Naturalism In philosophy, naturalism is the idea or belief that only natural laws and forces operate in the universe.

5. Although physical activities in the primitive society were practical in nature, primitive men still had to participate in recreational activities. Which of the following provided children in the primitive society preparation for adult responsibilities? a. Dancing b. Mimetic games c. Physical exercise d. Chanting

Dancing Mimetic Games

Physical Exercise Chanting

6. A strong Persian army meant a healthy and physically fit army. Persian physical education was ____. a. The modality to lift weights, shoots the bow, and handles the sword. b. Personified by iron discipline, obedient to authority, indifference to pain and suffering, and obsession to victory in battle. c. The modality for brutal method of training the body for war which was a prestige profession. d. The modality used to develop military skills, high moral standards, and patriotism.

7. Dancing was popular that a man’s prestige depended on his prowess in it. This could be traced back from this ancient nation. a. ancient China b. ancient India c. ancient Egypt d. ancient Greece

Ancient China Ancient India

Ancient Egypt Ancient Greece

8. Greek sport manifested itself in the concept of the amateur athlete, whose primary goal is to compete in a “circuit” of four major national games that were designated as the ____. a. Capitoline Games c. Funeral Games b. Heraean Games d. Pan-Hellenic Games

Capitoline Games Heraean Games

Funeral Games Pan-Hellenic Games

9. When was the first recorded Olympic Game that was held at the foot of Mt Olympus and had a single event, the stade, a 192-yrd foot race? a. 476 A.D. c. 776 B.C. b. 394 A.D. d. 724 B.C.

Olympic Game that was held at the foot of Mt Olympus and had a single event, the stade, a 192-yrd foot race

10. A Greek medical man who used physical education as an aid to medicine as early as the 5th century. a. Herodotus c. Galen b. Hippocrates d. Xenophon

Herodotus Hippocrates

Galen Xenophon

11. Aside from the warriors, Rome grew into a nation of spectators. Spectacu lar and bloody gladiatorial combats became popular and were a favorite of the Romans. Where were these bloody spectacles held? a. Circus Maximus c. Colosseum b. Campus Martinus d. Thermae

Circus Maximus Campus Martinus

Colosseum Thermae

12. This was a kind of education for the sons of the nobility that was physical, social, and military in nature that emerged after the fall of the Western Roman Empire. a. Asceticism c. Feudalism b. Scholasticism d. Chivalry

Asceticism Scholasticism

Feudalism Chivalry

13. With the emergence of this philosophy and its concepts of the “universal man”, physical education became more valued during the Renaissance period. a. Realism b. Existentialism c. Monism d. Humanism

14. “Understanding the influence of feedback, practice, and individual differences especially how they relate to the retention and transfer of motor skill” are goals of - a. Transfer of Learning b. Motor Control c. Motor development d. Motor Learning

Transfer of Learning Motor Control

Motor Development Motor Learning

15. What important factor should physical educators be interested of that motivates the formation of groups? a. The belief that the child is liked by the other members b. The belief that the child is accepted. c. The drive action that is inherent in a child. d. The child’s self-esteem

16. This philosophical approach assesses dance performance in terms of graceful and expressive movements. a. Metaphysics b. Linguistics c. Aesthetics d Ethics

Metaphysics Linguistics

Aesthetics Ethics

17. In teaching for psychomotor learning, the physical educator is concerned with – a. the acquisition of motor skills. b. the understanding of concepts presented. c. the instilling of qualities and values. d. the realization of learning potentials .

18. During this stage of learning, the physical education teacher provides the learner to work on mastering the timing needed for the skill. a. Autonomous stage b. Cognitive stage c. Associative stage d. Motor development

Autonomous Stage Cognitive Stage

Associative Stage Motor Development

19. What is the concern of the physical educator in teaching for skill learning? a. The physical educator is concerned with attitudes, appreciations, and values toward physical activity. b. The physical educators is concerned in increasing the individual’s knowledge, improving problem-solving abilities, clarifying, understanding, and developing and identifying concepts. c. The physical educator is concerned with motor learning and motor control. d. The physical educator is concerned with the development of motor skills.

20. The physical education teacher grouped the students in his class and gave important task to be accomplished. One of his objectives is to give opportunity to each member of the group to make his own decision. This is opportunity for the students to – a. acquire the need for affection b. feel the sense of belongingness c. be independent d. achieve social approval

21. Which of the following statement reflects a pragmatic teacher of physical education? a. Provides activities that give students the opportunity to develop the qualities of honesty, courage, creativity, and sportsmanship. b. When the physical educator uses the problem-solving method in teaching an activity to effect learning. c. Provides individualized learning through self-activity that leads to the attainment of individual goals. d. Uses drills extensively after instructions.

22. All of the following statements are naturalistic view of physical education EXCEPT a. Developmentally appropriate physical activities at all levels of instruction are used. b. Activities are socializing in nature c. Physical educators emphasize individualized learning. d. The physical educator allows normal growth.

23. This refers to a condition within an individual that initiates activity directed toward a goal. Needs and drives form its basic framework. a. Reinforcement b. Motivation c. Individual Differences d. Readiness

Reinforcement Motivation

Individual Differences Readiness

24. It is using events, actions, and behaviors to increase the likelihood of a certain response. a. Reinforcement b. Motivation c. Level of Development d. Independence

Reinforcement Motivation

Level of Development Independence

25. In any learning situation, what must the physical educator understand in terms of social and economic backgrounds, physical abilities, intelligence and preferred learning styles, and personality among students. a. Individual Differences b. Cooperation c. Need for Affection d. Responsibility

PART 3

1. What is the meter of music when the time signature is a fast 6/4 ? a. simple duple b. compound duple c.simple triple d. compound triple

2. In cut time music, how many beats will a dotted half note receive? a. 3 beats b. 2 beats c. one and a half beat d. one beat

3. Which does not have a syncopated rhythm?

4. Complete this measure below:

5. What interval can be found between the 6th and the 7th notes of a harmonic minor scale? a. whole tone b. 3 semi tones c. semitone d. 2 whole tones

6. The resulting interval of an inverted diminished 5th is___________. a. perfect 5th b. perfect 4th c. diminished 4th d. augmented 4th

7. The enharmonic note of G double sharp is___________. a. F double sharp b. A Double flat c. F d. A

8. Keys having the same key signature but different tonic notes. a. parallel keys b. relative keys c. tonic keys d. perfect keys

9. The first note of a mode is called_________. a. finalis b. tenor c. confinalis d. dominant

10. A grace note that has no definite time value and is usually played as quickly as possible. a. Turn b. Appoggiatura c. Acciacatura d. mordent

11. A property of tone that is concern with the weakness and strength; or the softness or loudness of tone a. duration b. timbre c. sonority d. intensity

12. Which of the following songs follows the unisectional form? a. Leron-Leron Sinta b. Pambansang Awit c. Plilipinas Kong Mahal d. Bituing Marikit

13. The underlying principle in this form is the recurrence of a main theme which alternates with one or more subordinate themes. a. rondo b. theme and variation c. ternary d. sonata allegro

14. All these songs are in strophic form, except for one. Which one is it? a. Bahay Kubo b. Leron-Leron Sinta c. Pamulinawen d. Sitsiritsit

15. What is the missing 3rd note in this diminished triad, when the root and 5th are given: a. D b. Db c. D# d. Dbb

16. What kind of triad is formed on the 3rd note of a harmonic minor? a. Major b. minor c. augmented d. diminished

17. A congregation of people singing in a worship service in unison is likely to produce_______ texture. a. monophony b. homophony c. polyphony d. heterophony

18. The gradual increase in volume. a. crescendo b. diminuendo c. accelerando d. decrescendo

19. Which does not belong to the group? a. Symphony No.5 in Cm (Beethoven) b. Piano Concerto No. 7 (Tchaikovsky) c. Moonlight Sonata (Beethoven) d. Etude No.3 (Chopin)

20. The highest and lowest tones an instrument or voice is capable of playing/ singing. a. register b. pitch c. range d. direction

PART 4

1. Mr. Abando, the head of the Physical Education Department, is planning for the forthcoming School Intramurals. To ensure the success of the program he met with all the faculty members and invited key people from the other departments, some staff and school administrator to chair the working committees. Which of the management functions is being illustrated in this situation? A. Planning B. Organizing C. Evaluating D. Staffing

Planning Planning is the process of thinking regarding the activities required to achieve a desired goal. Planning is based on foresight, the fundamental capacity for mental time travel. The evolution of forethought, the capacity to think ahead, is considered to have been a prime mover in human evolution. Organizing Organizating or organising is the establishment of effective authority relationships among selected work, persons and work places in order for the group to work together efficiently. Or the process of dividing work into sections and departments.

Evaluating Evaluation is the systematic and objective assessment of the relevance, efficiency, effectiveness, sustainability, and impact of development interventions or programs. Staffing Staffing refers to the continuous process of finding, selecting evaluating and developing a working relationship with current or future employees. The main goal of staffing is to fill the various roles within the company with suitable candidates.

2. San Pedro High School accepted Allan, a blind student in the regular PE class. Allan is very good in following directions that is why he can cope up with the lessons in gymnastics and dance. If the PE teacher allows Allan to play Volleyball which of the following is the best way do to? A. Modify instruction B. Modify activity C. Modify equipment D. Modify rules

Modify Instruction Learner accommodations and instructional modifications are designed to support students who have learning problems within classroom settings. Such changes can include modifications to lesson presentation, student responses, and evaluation and assessment techniques. Modify Activity Modifying activity in order to minimize the daily load. Activity modification is really a four-fold process which includes: Challenging the patient to look at their lifestyle and find out how they can take less steps and spend less time standing each day Exploring strategies for how they can have less force go through their feet with each step (ex. footwear modifications, walking surfaces, etc.) while still maintaining an active lifestyle Identifying and avoiding activities that aggravate their symptoms Maintaining proper leg and core strength and balance to diminish the shock to the feet.

Modify Equipment Equipment Modifications means any patch, fix, alteration, improvement, correction, revision, release, new version or any other change to the Equipment that is required to address a field affecting change, except for Equipment Feature Enhancements. Modify Rules Frequently the modified rules for children include modifications to ball sizes, field sizes, duration of competitions, smaller distances, and closer and smaller goals. These rule modifications help make participation in sports safer for the child and enhance their wellbeing.

3. Performance evaluation should determine the extent by which the employee is contributing to the overall mission of the organization. This evaluation is crucial in providing information into the organization’s reward and punishment system. Which of these is not true about performance evaluation? A. Employees themselves must refrain from participating in the evaluation process B. Evaluation helps members to grow in the job C. Evaluation to be relevant must be centered on agreed-upon job performance criteria. D. Evaluation result aids management in the promotion of qualified employee

4. In order to accommodate twenty teams for the school intramurals in two days, which of the following may help the Committee on Games accomplish the task best? A. Use Ladder type of game scheduling B. Use Single Elimination C. Use Double Elimination D. Use Round Robin

Ladder Type of Game Scheduling -a tournament in which the names of all contestants are drawn and arranged one above the other on a posted list and in which each entrant is entitled to challenge one of the two contestants directly above him and if victorious to assume his opponent's place in the ranking. -This format sees all players placed in a ladder, one on top of the other. Players challenge each other. If a player lower down the ladder beats a higher placed player, they change places – the lower, winning player moving up the ladder. Single Elimination A single-elimination, knockout, or sudden death tournament is a type of elimination tournament where the loser of each match-up is immediately eliminated from the tournament. Each winner will play another in the next round, until the final match-up, whose winner becomes the tournament champion.

Double Elimination A double-elimination tournament is a type of elimination tournament competition in which a participant ceases to be eligible to win the tournament's championship upon having lost two games or matches. It stands in contrast to a single-elimination tournament, in which only one defeat results in elimination.

Round Robin A round-robin tournament (or all-play-all tournament) is a competition in which each contestant meets every other participant, usually in turn. A round-robin contrasts with an elimination tournament, in which participants are eliminated after a certain number of losses. To determine the number of games for a single round robin tournament, as seen above, use the following formula, N x (N-1)/2. With a tournament of 6 teams, the calculation would be: 6 x (6-1)/2 = 6 x 5/2 = 30/2 = 15 games. To keep track of winners I use the following record chart in class.

5. Which of the following management functions does the manager performs when he creates a shared culture and values, creates a shared communi cating goals and instilling among employees the desire to perform at a high level? A. Controlling B. Planning C. Leading D. Organizing

Controlling Controlling can be defined as that function of management which helps to seek planned results from the subordinates, managers and at all levels of an organization. The controlling function helps in measuring the progress towards the organizational goals & brings any deviations, & indicates corrective action. Planning Planning is the process of thinking regarding the activities required to achieve a desired goal. Planning is based on foresight, the fundamental capacity for mental time travel. The evolution of forethought, the capacity to think ahead, is considered to have been a prime mover in human evolution.

Leading Leading involves the social and informal sources of influence that you use to inspire action taken by others. If managers are effective leaders, their subordinates will be enthusiastic about exerting effort to attain organizational objectives. Organizing Organizing is the function of management that involves developing an organizational structure and allocating human resources to ensure the accomplishment of objectives. The structure of the organization is the framework within which effort is coordinated. The structure is usually represented by an organization chart, which provides a graphic representation of the chain of command within an organization. Decisions made about the structure of an organization are generally referred to as organizational design decisions.

6. This management function requires certain types of steps to be followed to bring about meaningful course of action. A. Problem Solving B. Coordinating C. Decision making D. Innovating

Problem Solving The managerial problem-solving process is a never-ending cycle of planning, doing, checking, and acting, while also monitoring the situation and the outcomes. As needed, managers make adjustments to their plans so that the team can continue to move towards the solution that will lead them to better business results. Coordinating Coordination is the function of management which ensures that different departments and groups work in sync. Therefore, there is unity of action among the employees, groups, and departments. It also brings harmony in carrying out the different tasks and activities to achieve the organization's objectives efficiently.

Decision Making Decision-making is an integral part of modern management. Essentially, Rational or sound decision making is taken as primary function of management. A decision can be defined as a course of action purposely chosen from a set of alternatives to achieve organizational or managerial objectives or goals.

Innovating Innovation management involves the process of managing an organization's innovation procedure, starting at the initial stage of ideation, to its final stage of successful implementation. It encompasses the decisions, activities and practices of devising and implementing an innovation strategy.

7. Physical Education and Sports Programs spend thousands of pesos on supplies and equipment in order to provide a meaningful and varied program of activities. Because a large expenditure of funds is made for supplies and equipment, it is important that the management responsibilities be carried out in a business-like manner . Which of the following statements best describes this management responsibility? A. Supplies and equipment needs must be accurately determined B. Purchase must be conducted within organizational policy C. Storage, maintenance and repair of items must be considered for longevity of use D. Selection must be accomplished according to sound judgment.

8. Which of the following best describes the principles in the organization of comprehensive school health services in the public school setting? A. Every school must have a physician who will function as a school medical adviser B. The Physical Education Department Head is frequently the health coordinator C. The coach and the physical education teacher come into close informal contact with the students and thus can gain understanding of their health problems and needs. D. The physical educator is in a strategic position to perform excellent health service.

School Health Services These embrace all medical, dental and psychological measures taken at school to appraise, protect, promote and maintain the health of the school pupils and students as well as personnel. Comprising this arm of the school health programme are the following services: health appraisal, health counselling, control of communicable disease, emergency care and disaster procedures and care of the handicapped. Other services include health care of school personnel, health records and work records keeping, and supervision of school sanitation among others.

9. The fundamental purpose of health instruction is to equip the student with sufficient knowledge to enable him to attain and maintain both in attitude and practice the highest possible health. Which of the following is one of the basic principles of health instruction ? A. Throughout the school life, health and health promotion should be one of the objectives of the whole school program B. Instruction must be done in the vernacular language to enable the students to relate to the concepts and health principles C. Learning experiences must not be prejudicial to community beliefs, taboos and cultural differences D. Normal and differently-abled students must be considered in the preparation of the curriculum

According to this definition, physical, social, and psychological factors all contribute to health. Wellness is then expressed through the integration of the physical, intellectual, emotional, spiritual, social, and environmental components called the Six Dimensions of Health.

10. For the full implementation of the comprehensive school health education program, which of the following plays a vital role in the absence of personnel, facilities and equipment of any public schools in the Philippines? A. Teacher-nurse coordination B. School-community coordination C. School-health center coordination D. Teacher-community health worker coordination

11. Organizational design is the deliberate process of configuring processes, reward systems, practices and policies to achieve the organization’s goals. Which of the following words is used incorrectly to mean organizational design? A. Physical Plant B. Structure C. Organization D. Framework

Physical Plant Physical plant, mechanical plant or industrial plant refers to the necessary infrastructure used in operation and maintenance of a given facility. The operation of these facilities, or the department of an organization which does so, is called "plant operations" or facility management.

Structure A structure is an arrangement and organization of interrelated elements in a material object or system, or the object or system so organized. Material structures include man-made objects such as buildings and machines and natural objects such as biological organisms, minerals and chemicals. An organizational structure defines how activities such as task allocation, coordination, and supervision are directed toward the achievement of organizational aims. Organizational structure affects organizational action and provides the foundation on which standard operating procedures and routines rest. Organization An organization, or organisation, is an entity—such as a company, an institution, or an association—comprising one or more people and having a particular purpose. The word is derived from the Greek word organon, which means tool or instrument, musical instrument, and organ.

Framework The organizational framework defines the product and service flow throughout companies and also who will be responsible for making decisions about processes, projects, product development, and so on.

12. Any school needs an organization that is dynamic to respond to the changes in the internal & external environment. To ensure success, the following characteristics must be present in the management of the organization except A. Active Leadership B. Knowledge of Management C. Commitment of members D. Re-designed framework

Active Leadership Active leadership, as the name implies, requires leaders who are directly involved with their employees or team members. They encourage them, engage with them, and cheer them on. Active leaders are energetic and passionate, forming genuine connections with their teams. Knowledge of Management Knowledge management is the collection of methods relating to creating, sharing, using and managing the knowledge and information of an organization. It refers to a multidisciplinary approach to achieve organisational objectives by making the best use of knowledge.

Commitment of Members Commitment means that team members understand and agree to support team recommendations and decisions. Teams can only move forward when everyone on the team accepts the decision and stands behind it — even if a team member may have initially been opposed, or proposed a different idea.

Re- designed Framework Education technology nonprofit Digital Promise has updated its guidance to help school leaders set up maker programs that are sustainable and serve all learners. The organization's "Maker Learning Leadership Framework" has been redesigned to emphasize three areas: Building support systems for administrators, teachers and the broader school community; Viewing teaching and learning as a blend of core content and maker projects with assessment; and Getting what's needed to build and run maker programs.

13. The current emphasis on equal education has helped to focus attention on children with special needs. Physical Education can offer solutions to relevant problems through any of the following except A. Organizing activity-oriented programs B. Implement initial screening for classification C. Counseling of Parents D. Parental Involvement

14. Common problems of school administrators in implementing school sports program includes all of the following except A. Providing qualified coaches B. Inadequate facilities and equipment C. General supervision of the program D. Sustainability of the program of activities

15. Class management skills are pre-requisite to instruction. Moving and organizing students quickly and efficiently requires all of these except A. The teacher’s comprehension of various techniques B. Students’ effective acceptance of the techniques C. Adjusting what to be learned to the needs of the learner D. Organizing students into groups and formations

16. The students of teacher Flor are preparing the write up of the result of the health survey in the community. The best way to disseminate the information in the various sector of the barangay is to: A. Prepare flyers to be distributed to households B. Submit written report to the barangay chairperson C. Present the result in an assembly D. Coordinate with the barangay to hold a meeting for that purpose

17. If PE supplies and equipment are inadequate per class per session, which of the following could be the best option for a teacher to do in order to ensure proper conduct of the class? A. Adapt instruction for the time being B. Improvise equipment for the teaching of basic skills C. Divide the class into smaller groups to take turn in the use of equipment D. Ask students to bring their own equipment

18. Program organizers find the management of behavior to be the most difficult task in any of school activities. Which of the following best describes effective behavior management? A. Reprimand children who break the rules B. Allow students to participate without encroaching on the rights of others C. Develop an action plan for modifying and maintaining desired behavior D. Use praise and facial expressions to acknowledge desired behavior

19. A relatively small amount of money is needed to operate an intramural program. Which of the following can be the best procedure to ensure the success of the activities without so much budgetary allocations? A. Use of minimal entry fee from the participating team. B. Use of Physical Education class equipment C. Request administrative support for the activity D. Get the amount from the athletic fee of the students.

20. This management process requires that certain steps be followed to bring about meaningful actions. A. Planning B. Organizing C. Leading D. Decision Making

21. Which of the following least describes the characteristics of a good leader? A. Leaders are individuals who are inventive, who takes the risks, and who are entrepreneurial B. Leaders provide vision of potential and promise, and they possess the ability to attract, mobilize, and energize others C. A good leader tends to influence burnout people to function best in a structured work in a dynamic, creative environment D. A good leader helps shape personal philosophies of management, management style and decision-making.

22. A leader who provides guidance but leaves the decision making to the group to solve the problem is practicing which type of management style? A. Laissez-faire B. Authoritarian C. Democratic D. Eclectic

Laissez- Faire Laissez-faire leadership takes a hands-off approach to leadership and gives others the freedom to make decisions. While leaders still provide their teams with the resources and tools they need to succeed, they remain largely uninvolved in the day-to-day work. An example of laissez faire are the economic policies held by capitalist countries. An example of laissez faire is when a homeowner is allowed to plant whatever they want to grow in their front yard without having to get permission from their city. ... A policy of non-interference by authority in any competitive process. Authoritharian An authoritarian leadership style is exemplified when a leader dictates policies and procedures, decides what goals are to be achieved, and directs and controls all activities without any meaningful participation by the subordinates. Such a leader has full control of the team, leaving low autonomy within the group.

Democratic Democratic leadership, also known as participative leadership or shared leadership, is a type of leadership style in which members of the group take a more participative role in the decision-making process. Eclectic Eclectic Leadership is an approach that does not hold rigidly to a single paradigm or set of assumptions, but instead draws upon multiple theories, styles, approaches, or ideas to gain complementary insights into leadership, or applies different theories in particular cases.

23. For the selection of best athletes, which of the following types of game scheduling is best to use when time, budget and venue permits? A. Double elimination B. Round robin C. Single elimination D. Double round robin

A double round robin -is a competition where each player plays each other player twice. ... Players play each other on a different court the second time. Players' games are distributed across different courts as equally as possible. The order of second round opponents is not the same as the first round.

24. Students must be involved in as many roles as possible in the organization and management of school intramurals in any of the following except as; A. Record/score keepers B. Managers C. Officials D. Team Captain

Record/score keepers a person who keeps the score of a game. Managers Managers are responsible for the processes of getting activities completed efficiently with and through other people and setting and achieving the firm’s goals through the execution of four basic management functions: planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Both sets of processes utilize human, financial, and material resources.

Officials An official is someone who controls the actual play of a competition (e.g. umpire, referee or judge) and administers the rules and laws of the sport to ensure the proper conduct of a sporting fixture in a safe environment. Officials are an essential part of sport. Team Captain Being named a team captain is quite the honor. The position of captain is given to those athletes whom the rest of the team respect and trust to lead the team The role of the team captain is to lead, support, inspire and represent the members of their appointed team fairly and consistently at all times. The team captain will act as a role model for the club and their team.

25. The following are extramural competitions except: A. Inter-department competition B. Inter-school competition C. District Meet D. Division Meet

Extramural means operating outside the walls, extramural sports would involve competitions with teams outside of your own institution or school. Extramural studies occur outside the normal course of study inside one's university. Extramural sports were designed to allow top athletes an opportunity to compete with athletes from other universities in sports not contained in the intercollegiate athletic program. Men's teams included skiing, soccer, and rugby, while women's teams included field hockey, volleyball, and track and field. Difference between Intramural and extramural: (a) Intramural activities refer to activities conducted within the boundaries of the institute/school. (b) It does not involve competitions between teams representing different schools. ... (a) Extramural Sports refers to sporting activities carried outside the walls of the school/institute .

PART 5

1. There are several reasons why a person becomes drug dependent or Drug Abuser. Who can help him/her best to get freed from his dependency? A. Family and friends B. Institutions who cater for this group of people C. Self D. Government

Family and Friends Family, a group of persons united by the ties of marriage, blood, or adoption, constituting a single household and interacting with each other in their respective social positions, usually those of spouses, parents, children, and siblings. Friena person whom one knows and with , whom one has a bond of mutual affection, typically exclusive of sexual or family relations. Institutions who cater for this group of people A social institution consists of a group of people who have come together for a common purpose. These institutions are a part of the social order of society, and they govern the behavior and expectations of individuals.

Self The self is an individual person as the object of its own reflective consciousness. Since the self is a reference by a subject to the same subject, this reference is necessarily subjective. The sense of having a self—or selfhood—should, however, not be confused with subjectivity itself. Government -the governing body of a nation, state, or community. -government, the political system by which a country or community is administered and regulated.

2. There are several ways to prevent from drug addiction. Which of these is the best way to be free from being hooked to drugs? A. Believe and trust yourself B. Have a healthy lifestyle C. Be friendly and go out with friends D. Isolate yourself from the crowd

3. Which of the following is not an advantage of the availability of over-the counter drug? A. Self-administered treatment B. Feed physician from serving people whose illnesses are worst than them C. People engaged in self-diagnosis D. Determined a course for their own treatment

Self-administered Treatment A method of drug administration in which a person takes medication without being observed by a health care professional. Feed physician from serving people whose illnesses are worst than them

People engaged in self-diagnosis -Self diagnosis is the process of diagnosing or identifying a medical condition in yourself. Majority of the time, people google a symptom or medical sign and try to figure out if they have a condition, this is self diagnosing. Determined a course for their own treatment A treatment plan made up of several cycles of treatment. For example, treatment given for one week followed by three weeks of rest (no treatment) is one treatment cycle. When a treatment cycle is repeated multiple times on a regular schedule, it makes up a course of treatment.

4. Which of the following has pollution the greatest effect? A. Economic and social planning B. People’s physical health C. Values D. Technological innovations

Economic and Social Planning -Economic planning is a resource allocation mechanism based on a computational procedure for solving a constrained maximization problem with an iterative process for obtaining its solution. An economy primarily based on planning is referred to as a planned economy. -Social planning is a process for planning social services programs, services, and policies. The term “social planning” is used generically to describe the planning of social services or efforts to improve the quality of life in communities. People’s physical health Physical health and mental health are strongly connected. Taking care of your physical health is scientifically shown to improve mental wellbeing, and vice versa. If one declines, the other can be affected too.

Values Values are individual beliefs that motivate people to act one way or another. They serve as a guide for human behavior. Some values have intrinsic worth, such as love, truth, and freedom. Other values, such as ambition, responsibility, and courage, describe traits or behaviors that are instrumental as means to an end. Technological Innovations A technological innovation is a new or improved product or process whose technological characteristics are significantly different from before. Technological innovation is an extended concept of innovation. While innovation is a rather well-defined concept, it has a broad meaning to many people, and especially numerous understanding in the academic and business world. One of the most useful technological innovations examples is the innovations in renewable energy. The innovations include technological inventions such as wind turbines, photovoltaic cells, concentrated solar power, geothermal energy, ocean wave power and many other emerging innovations.

5. Hair is as important as the rest of the body parts. Which of the following is not a good reason of why we need to give importance to our hair? A. It helps insulate our body from cold and heat B. Keep dust and dirt out of our eyes, nose and ears C. Help sweat from running into our eyes D. They are made of dead a cell that needs to be nourished.

6. Labels can help consumer compare and evaluate health products especially on drugs because____. A. Tells about the side effects B. It gives the price C. Tells about the ingredients D. It includes expiration dates

The primary role of a label is to ensure that the medicine is clearly and easily identifiable by health professionals and consumers. Confusion between products that have similar names, labels or packaging is acknowledged as a major cause of error by health professionals supplying medicines to patients. Expiration date – the medication is not effective after this date

7. The danger of burns depend on_________. A. Depth, size and location B. Size, location but not depth C. Depth and location only D. Depth, size but not location

The severity of a burn depends largely on the depth of tissue destruction and the amount of body surface affected. Other factors—including the patient's age and prior state of health, the location of the burn wound, and the seriousness of any associated injuries—can also influence recovery from a burn.

8. Water is vital to all living things. What is the percentage of water in our body? A. 65 to 70% B. 75% to 100% C. 55% to 65% D. It depends on the size and age of a person

According to Dr. Jeffrey Utz, Neuroscience, pediatrics, Allegheny University, different people have different percentages of their bodies made up of water. Babies have the most, being born at about 78%. By one year of age, that amount drops to about 65%. In adult men, about 60% of their bodies are water. However, fat tissue does not have as much water as lean tissue. In adult women, fat makes up more of the body than men, so they have about 55% of their bodies made of water. Thus: Babies and kids have more water (as a percentage) than adults. Women have less water than men (as a percentage). People with more fatty tissue have less water than people with less fatty tissue (as a percentage). Most of the human body is water, with an average of roughly 60%. The amount of water in the body changes slightly with age, sex, and hydration levels. While the average percentage of water in a person’s body is around 60%, the percentage can vary from roughly 45–75%. For example, babies have a high percentage of water in their bodies, which decreases with age.

Also, fatty tissue contains less water than muscle, so the percentage of water can vary with body type. The percentage of water in the body varies slightly, depending on factors such as age and sex, but is usually within the 45–75% range. There is more water in lean muscle than there is in fatty tissue. Typically, a female body contains a lower percentage of water than a male one. This is due to females having a higher percentage of fat. This water distribution means that people with a higher percentage of body fat are likely to have a lower percentage of water in their bodies. The percentage of water in the body changes with age. Babies have a very high percentage of water in their bodies, while older adults have less. The following tables give the average percentages and ranges of water in the body, according to sex and age:

Age 12–18 years Age 19–50 years Age 51 years and older Male Average: 59% Range: 52–66% Average: 59% Range: 43–73% Average: 56% Range: 47–67% Female Average: 56% Range: 49–63% Average: 50% Range: 41–60% Average: 47% Range: 39–57% Birth to 6 months 6 months to 1 year 1–12 years Infants and children Average: 74% Range: 64–84% Average: 60% Range: 57–64% Average: 60% Range: 49–75% The following tables give the average percentages and ranges of water in the body, according to sex and age:

9. If you are caught in an open area during lightning, lying down on a dry land is the best way to avoid accident. Which of these is not the reason of such decision ? A. Water is a conductor of electricity B. The tallest building is often hit by lightning C. Those inside the building are often struck by lightning D. Tall and isolated trees are commonly hit by lightning

Taller trees are more likely to be hit, not only because of their height but also because they are more likely to suffer root or stem decay. As a result, the plant tissue is wetter and makes a better conductor.

Lightning Myths and Facts Myth: If you're caught outside during a thunderstorm, you should crouch down to reduce your risk of being struck. Fact: Crouching doesn't make you any safer outdoors. Run to a substantial building or hard topped vehicle. If you are too far to run to one of these options, you have no good alternative. You are NOT safe anywhere outdoors. See our safety page for tips that may slightly reduce your risk. Myth: Lightning never strikes the same place twice. Fact: Lightning often strikes the same place repeatedly, especially if it's a tall, pointy, isolated object. The Empire State Building is hit an average of 23 times a year Myth: If it’s not raining or there aren’t clouds overhead, you’re safe from lightning. Fact: Lightning often strikes more than three miles from the center of the thunderstorm, far outside the rain or thunderstorm cloud. “Bolts from the blue” can strike 10-15 miles from the thunderstorm.

Myth: Rubber tires on a car protect you from lightning by insulating you from the ground. Fact: Most cars are safe from lightning, but it is the metal roof and metal sides that protect you, NOT the rubber tires. Remember, convertibles, motorcycles, bicycles, open-shelled outdoor recreational vehicles and cars with fiberglass shells offer no protection from lightning. When lightning strikes a vehicle, it goes through the metal frame into the ground. Don't lean on doors during a thunderstorm. Myth: A lightning victim is electrified. If you touch them, you’ll be electrocuted. Fact: The human body does not store electricity. It is perfectly safe to touch a lightning victim to give them first aid. This is the most chilling of lightning Myths. Imagine if someone died because people were afraid to give CPR! Myth: If outside in a thunderstorm, you should seek shelter under a tree to stay dry. Fact: Being underneath a tree is the second leading cause of lightning casualties. Better to get wet than fried!

Myth: If you are in a house, you are 100% safe from lightning. Fact: A house is a safe place to be during a thunderstorm as long as you avoid anything that conducts electricity. This means staying off corded phones, electrical appliances, wires, TV cables, computers, plumbing, metal doors and windows. Windows are hazardous for two reasons: wind generated during a thunderstorm can blow objects into the window, breaking it and causing glass to shatter and second, in older homes, in rare instances, lightning can come in cracks in the sides of windows. Myth: If thunderstorms threaten while you are outside playing a game, it is okay to finish it before seeking shelter. Fact: Many lightning casualties occur because people do not seek shelter soon enough. No game is worth death or life-long injuries. Seek proper shelter immediately if you hear thunder. Adults are responsible for the safety of children.

Myth: Structures with metal, or metal on the body (jewelry, cell phones,Mp3 players, watches, etc), attract lightning. Fact: Height, pointy shape, and isolation are the dominant factors controlling where a lightning bolt will strike. The presence of metal makes absolutely no difference on where lightning strikes. Mountains are made of stone but get struck by lightning many times a year. When lightning threatens, take proper protective action immediately by seeking a safe shelter â€“ don’t waste time removing metal. While metal does not attract lightning, it does conduct it so stay away from metal fences, railing, bleachers, etc. Myth: If trapped outside and lightning is about to strike, I should lie flat on the ground. Fact: Lying flat increases your chance of being affected by potentially deadly ground current. If you are caught outside in a thunderstorm, you keep moving toward a safe shelter.

Myth: lightning flashes are 3-4 km apart Fact: Old data said successive flashes were on the order of 3-4 km apart. New data shows half the flashes are about 9 km apart. The National Severe Storms Laboratory report concludes: "It appears the safety rules need to be modified to increase the distance from a previous flash which can be considered to be relatively safe, to at least 10 to 13 km (6 to 8 miles). In the past, 3 to 5 km (2-3 miles) was as used in lightning safety education." Source: Separation Between Successive Lightning Flashes in Different Storms Systems: 1998, Lopez & Holle, from Proceedings 1998 Intl Lightning Detection Conference, Tucson AZ, November 1998. Myth: A High Percentage of Lightning Flashes Are Forked. Fact: Many cloud-to-ground lightning flashes have forked or multiple attachment points to earth. Tests carried out in the US and Japan verify this finding in at least half of negative flashes and more than 70% of positive flashes. Many lightning detectors cannot acquire accurate information about these multiple ground lightning attachments. Source: Termination of Multiple Stroke Flashes Observed by Electro- Magnetic Field: 1998, Ishii, et al. Proceedings 1998 Int'l Lightning Protection Conference, Birmingham UK, Sept. 1998.

Myth: Lightning Can Spread out Some 60 Feet After Striking Earth. Fact: Radial horizontal arcing has been measured at least 20 m. from the point where lightning hits ground. Depending on soils characteristics, safe conditions for people and equipment near lightning termination points (ground rods) may need to be re-evaluated. Source: 1993 Triggered Lightning Test Program: Environments Within 20 meters of the Lightning Channel and Small Are Temporary Protection Concepts: 1993, SAND94-0311, Sandia Natl Lab, Albuquerque NM.

10. A victim of car accident has pain in his neck. Upon checking, you found out the neck is swollen and tender. What should you do? A. Ask the patient to remain quite and not to move B. Splint the neck C. Ask the patient to bend his head from side to side D. Ignore it and tell the patient, it is nothing

11. Which of the following is not an effect of changes in the atmosphere? A. Agriculture and industrial consumer practices B. Cutting of trees which consume carbon dioxide C. Water pollution D. Noise pollution

12. Drug is considered a friend because_______ A. It treats anxiety and tensions B. Of its overall medical importance C. It is used as anesthetics for surgical procedures D. It treats different diseases

13. There are four critical areas of the body. What are they? A. Face, feet, hands and genitals B. Torso, genitals, feet and legs C. Hands, feet, arms and legs D. Head, chest, hand and genitals

14. During earthquakes one has to observe the following except: A. If outdoor get away from buildings B. Get out of the car and run inside a building for safety C. If indoors stand in a doorway D. If swimming out in the sea, get to the shore as fast as possible

15. A conscious victim has broken leg and blood is gushing from a big cut on the arm. What would you do first? A. Splint the leg B. Stop the bleeding C. Check the breathing D. Raise his arm

16. Wrong use of drugs can cause great harm to our body. Which of the following should we practice to get the full benefit from drug? A. Illegal use of drug B. Taking drugs for a different purpose C. Following the correct dosage D. Taking a substance for its intended use but not in appropriate amount

17. Certain types of wastes are classified as hazardous wastes, which of these has the greatest hazardous effect on mankind? A. Lead and mercury B. Nuclear waste C. Garbage D. Chemical waste

Lead and Mercury Heavy metals are toxic to humans. Two of the most common and widely studied of these metals are lead and mercury, both of which are highly toxic to the developing brain and nervous system. Excessive exposure can begin in the intrauterine period, leading to adverse effects at birth. Mercury, arsenic, and lead are found naturally in the earth, but just because they're natural chemical elements doesn't mean they're harmless. They are heavy metals with a long history of industrial and personal use—and just as long of a history of harming human health.

Nuclear Waste Radioactive (or nuclear) waste is a byproduct from nuclear reactors, fuel processing plants, hospitals and research facilities. Radioactive waste is also generated while decommissioning and dismantling nuclear reactors and other nuclear facilities. There are two broad classifications: high-level or low-level waste. Radioactive waste is a type of hazardous waste that contains radioactive material. Radioactive waste is a result of many activities, including nuclear medicine, nuclear research, nuclear power generation, rare-earth mining, and nuclear weapons reprocessing. Activities that produce or use radioactive material can generate radioactive waste. Radioactive waste is hazardous because it emits radioactive particles, which if not properly managed can be a risk to human health and the environment.

Garbage Garbage, trash, rubbish, or refuse is waste material that is discarded by humans, usually due to a perceived lack of utility. The term generally does not encompass bodily waste products, purely liquid or gaseous wastes, nor toxic waste products. Garbage is commonly sorted and classified into kinds of material suitable for specific kinds of disposal. Chemical Waste A chemical waste is any solid, liquid, or gaseous waste material that, if improperly managed or disposed of, may pose substantial hazards to human health and the environment. Examples of Chemical Waste include, but are not limited to: Unused and surplus reagent grade chemicals. Intermediates and by-products generated from research & educational experiments. Batteries. Anything contaminated by chemicals. Used oil of all types. Spent solvents - including water based. Mercury containing items.

18. One of the following is not a common reason why people lack safety awareness, what is it? A. Ignorance and lack of caution B. Education C. Person’s emotional state D. Peer pressure

19. Checking the victim’s breathing is important. This is because A. A few minutes without oxygen can cause brain damage B. An aider needs to decide if the patients needs CPR C. To find out if the patient is still alive D. Anything that blocks the victim’s mouth or throat should be removed

If the victim is unconscious and is unresponsive, you need to make sure that his airway is clear of any obstructions. The breaths may be faint and shallow - look, listen and feel for any signs of breathing. If you determine that the victim is not breathing, then something may be blocking his air passage. Checking the respiration This ensures that the correct priority is given to your call. You should summon an ambulance in either case if the patient is unconscious. After opening the victim's airway, check to see if the victim is breathing. In cardiac arrest, a victim's heart can stop beating and they may stop breathing. ... By utilizing rescue breathing, air immediately can be send into the victim which can keep them alive while waiting on first respondents to arrive.

20. Problems such as tooth decay can be prevented by the following, except. A. Eat a balance diet low in sugar B. Brushing teeth thrice a day C. See dentist regularly D. Eat sweet foods and high in cholesterol

Frequently consuming sugary foods or beverages can lead to cavities, gum infections, and oral irritation. Tooth decay is one of the biggest concerns when consuming too much sugar. Each time you eat a meal, the bacteria in your mouth combine with the sugar molecules to form a sticky substance known as plaque. Here are some of the worst foods for your teeth: Sugary Sweets and Candies. If you need to have sweets, eat those that quickly dissolve in your mouth. ... Soft Drinks. Soft drinks, whether sugar-free or not, contain acid. ... Pickles. ... Wine. ... Citrus Fruits. ... Crackers. ... Sports Beverages. ... Sugar.

21. There are different ways to stop bleeding but what among the following is the best first aid to simple cuts? A. Tourniquet B. Direct pressure C. Inhalation D. None of these

Tourniquet -Tourniquets are tight bands used to control bleeding by completely stopping the blood flow to a wound. Tourniquets work only on arm and leg injuries; you can't exactly wrap a tight band around a patient's neck and cinch it down to stop the flow of blood. Direct Pressure -Press the bandage firmly with your palm to control bleeding. Apply constant pressure until the bleeding stops. Maintain pressure by binding the wound with a thick bandage or a piece of clean cloth. Don't put direct pressure on an eye injury or embedded object. Stop Bleeding. Apply direct pressure on the cut or wound with a clean cloth, tissue, or piece of gauze until bleeding stops. ... Clean Cut or Wound. Gently clean with soap and warm water. ... Protect the Wound. Apply antibiotic cream to reduce risk of infection and cover with a sterile bandage. ... When to Call a Doctor.

Inhalation When you breathe in, or inhale, your diaphragm contracts and moves downward. This increases the space in your chest cavity, and your lungs expand into it. The muscles between your ribs also help enlarge the chest cavity. They contract to pull your rib cage both upward and outward when you inhale.

22. An accident is an event that cannot be predicted. Which of these is not an element that characterized accidents? A. Accidents can make us rich because of insurance B. Accidents may result to damage to properties C. Accidents may result to unsuccessful performance D. Accidents may happen anytime to anyone

23. The following are first aid treatment for Open Wound. Which of these is to be avoided? A. Clean wound with soap and water B. Use hydrogen peroxide to clean the wound C. Clean out all the dirt D. Apply any ointment even if the wound has not been cleaned yet

24. You have been advised to take antibiotics for your skin disease. But because you are so busy you forgot to take one after lunch. What would you do? A. Take one right away and adjust the frequency of medicine intake B. Shift to a much higher milligram C. Double the dosage in the evening D. Discontinue taking the pills

25. There are different ways of reducing personal pollution. What among the following is not recommendable? A. Preserving the air B. Preserving the water C. Reducing solid and chemical waste D. Depend on the program of different health organization

PART 6

26. This is the first thing to do in an emergency A. Rescue the victim B. Check victims breaths C. Give CPR D. Treat wounds

27. Heart attack involves a clot in one of the blood vessels that supply the heat. Which of the following should be avoided A. Remove the victim from the source of heat B. Open the airways C. Cool the patient by means of cold water bath or cold moist towel D. Watch out for convulsions or vomiting

28. IT is a drug primarily employed in surgery on the membranes lining the nose and throat. A. Shabu B. Cocaine C. Barbiturates D. Amphetamines

Shabu Shabu is a white, odorless crystal or crystalline powder with a bitter numbing taste. Abusers are known to take this drug by ingestion inhalation (chasing the dragon), sniffing (snorting) or by injection. Cocaine Users primarily administer cocaine orally, intranasally, intravenously, or by inhalation. When people snort the drug (intranasal use), they inhale cocaine powder through the nostrils, where it is absorbed into the bloodstream through the nasal tissues. Users also may rub the drug onto their gums (oral use).

Barbiturates Barbiturates are sedative-hypnotics, a type of central nervous system (CNS) depressant used to treat insomnia, seizures, and headaches. Barbiturates may also be used in a hospital setting for pre-operative sedation . Amphetamines Amphetamines are stimulant drugs. They make the messages between your brain and body move faster. As a result, you are more alert and physically active. Some people use amphetamines to help them stay awake on the job or to study for a test. Others use them to boost their performance in sports.

Cocaine. Cocaine (Figure 4), derived from the coca plant grown in the Andean mountains of South America, is legitimately used in the USA as a local anesthetic in ear, nose, and throat surgery. Cocaine is a strong central nervous system stimulant that is sometimes used as a topical local anesthetic for ear, nose, and throat surgery or other medical procedures. Recreationally, it is used to create euphoria, increase alertness, reduce fatigue, and create feelings of well-being and strength. Cocaine also increases mental focus, mental clarity, and improved performance of some simple tasks. At higher doses it can cause confusion, disorientation, delusions, hallucinations, fear, paranoia, aggression, and antisocial behavior.

29. Second degree burns has_____ A. Open tissues B. Few or no blisters C. Black painful blisters D. Red blisters

This type of burn affects both the epidermis and the second layer of skin (dermis). It may cause swelling and red, white or splotchy skin. Blisters may develop, and pain can be severe. Deep second-degree burns can cause scarring. Second-degree burns (also known as partial thickness burns) involve the epidermis and part of the dermis layer of skin. The burn site appears red, blistered, and may be swollen and painful.

30. What is the most common reason why people turn to drugs? A. Forced by parents B. Curiosity C. Necessity D. Drugs are available

31. It is the branch of public health that is concerned with all aspects of the natural and environment that may affect human health. A. Safety Education B. Environmental Health C. Community Health D. Environmental Pollution

Safety Education Safety education is the teaching of specific knowledge, skills and understanding that children need in order to stay safe in a given situation. ... Accident statistics are also often quoted as an important justification for safety education in schools. Environmental Health Environmental health (EH) is a branch of public health protection that is concerned with all aspects of the natural and built environment that may affect human health. Other terms that refer to the discipline of environmental health include environmental public health and environmental health and protection. EH is a field of science that studies how the environment influences human health and disease. "Environment" in this context means identifying and addressing how the environment impacts human health.

Community Health Community health is a major field of study within the medical and clinical sciences which focuses on the maintenance, protection, and improvement of the health status of population groups and communities. Community health is a medical specialty that focuses on the physical and mental well-being of the people in a specific geographic region. ... “Good community health equates to healthy people, as a community is the ecosystem or environment in which people live,” says Thomas G. Environmental Pollution Environmental pollution is defined as “the contamination of the physical and biological components of the earth/atmosphere system to such an extent that normal environmental processes are adversely affected.

32. AN old woman is unable to move one side of her body, her speech is hard to understand. She might be suffering from______ A. Heat stroke B. A stroke C. Heat exhaustion D. Heart attack

Heat Stroke A core body temperature of 104 F (40 C) or higher, obtained with a rectal thermometer, is the main sign of heatstroke. Altered mental state or behavior. Confusion, agitation, slurred speech, irritability, delirium, seizures and coma can all result from heatstroke. Alteration in sweating. Symptoms of heat stroke include: Confusion, altered mental status, slurred speech. Loss of consciousness (coma) Hot, dry skin or profuse sweating. Seizures. Very high body temperature. Fatal if treatment delayed. A Stroke A stroke occurs when a blood vessel in the brain ruptures and bleeds, or when there's a blockage in the blood supply to the brain. The rupture or blockage prevents blood and oxygen from reaching the brain's tissues. Signs of Stroke in Men and Women Sudden numbness or weakness in the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body. Sudden confusion, trouble speaking, or difficulty understanding speech. Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes. Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance, or lack of coordination. Sudden severe headache with no known cause. If you think someone may be having a stroke, act F.A.S.T. and do the following simple test: F—Face: Ask the person to smile. Does one side of the face droop? A—Arms: Ask the person to raise both arms. Does one arm drift downward? S—Speech: Ask the person to repeat a simple phrase. Is the speech slurred or strange? T—Time: If you see any of these signs, call 9-1-1 right away.

Heat exhaustion Heat exhaustion is a condition whose symptoms may include heavy sweating and a rapid pulse, a result of your body overheating. It's one of three heat-related syndromes, with heat cramps being the mildest and heatstroke being the most severe. Heart Attack A heart attack, also called a myocardial infarction, happens when a part of the heart muscle doesn't get enough blood.

33. It slows down the brain function and other parts of the nervous system A. Chocolate B. Alcohol C. Coffee D. Tea

depressants – slow down the function of the central nervous system. ... Examples include: alcohol.

34. It is prescribed to control extreme pain A. Sedative B. Antibiotic C. Morphine D. Opium

Sedative Sedatives are a type of prescription medication that slows down your brain activity. They're typically used to make you feel more relaxed. Doctors commonly prescribe sedatives to treat conditions like anxiety and sleep disorders. They also use them as general anesthetics. Sedatives are controlled substances. Antibiotic Antibiotics are medicines that fight bacterial infections in people and animals. They work by killing the bacteria or by making it hard for the bacteria to grow and multiply.

Morphine Morphine is used to relieve moderate to severe pain. Morphine extended-release tablets and capsules are only used to relieve severe (around-the-clock) pain that cannot be controlled by the use of other pain medications. Opium Opium is dried latex obtained from the seed capsules of the opium poppy Papaver somniferum. Approximately 12 percent of opium is made up of the analgesic alkaloid morphine, which is processed chemically to produce heroin and other synthetic opioids for medicinal use and for the illegal drug trade.

35. This is a simple scrape-type wounds which can be contaminated and infected due to dirt and bacteria A. Laceration B. Punctured C. Incision D. Abrasion

Laceration A laceration is a wound that is produced by the tearing of soft body tissue. This type of wound is often irregular and jagged. Punctured A puncture wound is a forceful injury caused by a sharp, pointed object that penetrates the skin. A puncture wound is usually narrower and deeper than a cut or scrape. Many people accidentally get puncture wounds with household or work items, yard tools, or when operating machinery.

Incision An incision is a cut through the skin that is made during surgery. It is also called a surgical wound. Some incisions are small, others are long. The size of the incision depends on the kind of surgery you had. Sometimes, an incision breaks open. Abrasion An abrasion is a type of open wound that's caused by the skin rubbing against a rough surface. It may be called a scrape or a graze. When an abrasion is caused by the skin sliding across hard ground, it may be called road rash. Abrasions are very common injuries. They can range from mild to severe.

36. What drugs increase heart rate, blood pressure and breathing rate? A. Inhalants B. Hallucinogens C. Depressants D. Stimulant

Depressants Depressant substances reduce arousal and stimulation. They do not necessarily make a person feel depressed. They affect the central nervous system, slowing down the messages between the brain and the body. Stimulants Stimulants are a class of drugs that speed up messages travelling between the brain and body. They can make a person feel more awake, alert, confident or energetic. Stimulants include caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines and cocaine.

Inhalants Inhalants are a broad range of household and industrial chemicals whose volatile vapors or pressurized gases can be concentrated and breathed in via the nose or mouth to produce intoxication, in a manner not intended by the manufacturer. Hallucinogens Hallucinogens are a diverse group of drugs that alter a person's awareness of their surroundings as well as their own thoughts and feelings. They are commonly split into two categories: classic hallucinogens (such as LSD) and dissociative drugs (such as PCP).

37. First degree burns could be treated first by ______ A. Ordinary water sprinkle B. Pouring oil on the affected area C. Application of burn ointment D. Pouring cold water on the burn

38. How does first aider check breathing of victims? A. check the pulse at the neck B. check the eyes C. ask the patients D. Listen at his breathing

To check if a person is still breathing: look to see if their chest is rising and falling. listen over their mouth and nose for breathing sounds. feel their breath against your cheek for 10 seconds.

39. Prevention of drug addiction is the responsibility of A. Parents B. Government C. Self D. None of these

40. In hair spa treatment, scalp is massaged for at least 10 minutes after shampooing. After the shampoo, a deep conditioning mask is applied and it should be massaged for: A. 10- 15 minutes B. 20-25 minutes C. 15-20 minutes D. 20-30 minutes

If you prefer a conditioner of another brand that suits your hair, go ahead and use it. Just remember that conditioners are applied on hair strands and not your scalp. After washing your hair, squeeze out extra water and apply the conditioner. This is the most important step of any hair spa treatment even if you do it at home. Choose a deep conditioning hair spa cream or a homemade hair mask with kitchen ingredients like honey, curd, eggs, banana avocado or even green tea. Leave the hair mask on for 15-20 minutes in your hair.

41. This is a simple scrape type which can be contaminated and infected due to dirt and bacteria A. Laceration B. Puncture C. Incision D. Abrasion

42. What drugs are used to treat people who have trouble sleeping? A. Sedative B. Alcohol C. Tranquilizer D. Antibiotics

Sedative Sedatives are a type of prescription medication that slows down your brain activity. They're typically used to make you feel more relaxed. Doctors commonly prescribe sedatives to treat conditions like anxiety and sleep disorders. They also use them as general anesthetics. Sedatives are controlled substances. Alcohol An alcoholic drink is a drink that contains ethanol, a type of alcohol produced by fermentation of grains, fruits, or other sources of sugar that acts as a drug. The consumption of alcoholic drinks, often referred to as "drinking", plays an important social role in many cultures.

Tranquilizer A tranquilizer refers to a drug which is designed for the treatment of anxiety, fear, tension, agitation, and disturbances of the mind, specifically to reduce states of anxiety and tension. Tranquilizer, as a term, was first used by F.F. Antibiotic Antibiotics are medicines that fight bacterial infections in people and animals. They work by killing the bacteria or by making it hard for the bacteria to grow and multiply.

43. A person with symptoms such as fever with chills, muscle aches, nasal congestion and sore throat is suffering from: A. Pneumonia B. Common colds C. Typhoid D. Bronchitis

44. What will you check after you rescue a little girl from the bottom of a pool? A. Breathing B. Pulse C. Broken bones D. Head injury

Rescuing a Drowning Person Get Help. Notify a lifeguard, if one is close. ... Move the Person. Take the person out of the water. Check for Breathing. Place your ear next to the person's mouth and nose. ... If the Person is Not Breathing, Check Pulse. ... If There Is No Pulse, Start CPR. ... Repeat if Person Is Still Not Breathing.

45. The protection & wise use of natural resources by using less of the materials we take from the environment. A. Recycling B. Reducing C. Conservation D. Re-using

Recycling Recycling is the process of converting waste materials into new materials and objects. The recovery of energy from waste materials is often included in this concept. The recyclability of a material depends on its ability to reacquire the properties it had in its original state. Reducing Reducing means decreasing the amount of waste we create. That could also mean cutting down on use of natural resources.

Conservation Earth’s natural resources include air, minerals, plants, soil, water, and wildlife. Conservation is the care and protection of these resources so that they can persist for future generations. It includes maintaining diversity of species, genes, and ecosystems, as well as functions of the environment, such as nutrient cycling. Conservation is similar to preservation, but while both relate to the protection of nature, they strive to accomplish this task in different ways. Conservation seeks the sustainable use of nature by humans, for activities such as hunting, logging, or mining, while preservation means protecting nature from human use. Re- using Reuse is the action or practice of using an item, whether for its original purpose or to fulfill a different function. It should be distinguished from recycling, which is the breaking down of used items to make raw materials for the manufacture of new products.

46. An injury in which the end of the bone comes out of its joint, swollen and deformed is called______. A. Sprain B. Strain C. Dislocation D. Fracture

Sprain A sprain is a stretching or tearing of ligaments — the tough bands of fibrous tissue that connect two bones together in your joints. The most common location for a sprain is in your ankle. Initial treatment includes rest, ice, compression and elevation. Mild sprains can be successfully treated at home. Strain A strain is when a muscle is stretched too much and tears. It is also called a pulled muscle. A strain is a painful injury. It can be caused by an accident, overusing a muscle, or using a muscle in the wrong way.

Dislocation A dislocation is an injury in which the ends of your bones are forced from their normal positions. The cause is usually trauma resulting from a fall, an auto accident, or a collision during contact or high-speed sports. Dislocation usually involves the body's larger joints. -is an injury in which the bones in a joint are forced apart and out of their usual positions. Fracture A fracture is a break, usually in a bone. If the broken bone punctures the skin, it is called an open or compound fracture. Fractures commonly happen because of car accidents, falls, or sports injuries. Other causes are low bone density and osteoporosis, which cause weakening of the bones.

47. To lessen assaults, the following should be observed except: A. Tell a stranger that you are alone that is why you cant entertain them B. Keep door locked C. Walk with friends and avoid deserted areas D. Do not bring valuable if alone

48. The following are signs for shocks except: A. Rapid, shallow breath B. Pinkish skin C. Blue lips D. Nausea and weaknesses

Signs and symptoms of shock vary depending on circumstances and may include: Cool, clammy skin. Pale or ashen skin. Bluish tinge to lips or fingernails (or gray in the case of dark complexions) Rapid pulse. Rapid breathing. Nausea or vomiting. Enlarged pupils. Weakness or fatigue.

49. Healthy skin is one of the things people see when they look at you. What are essentials for healthy skin? A. A regular body scrub B. Taking vitamins needed for healthy skin C. A balanced diet, regular exercise and sleep D. Bathing regularly and applying lotion

50. A stretched or torn muscles or tendons is called_____ A. Strain B. Sprain C. Fracture D. Dislocation

Strain A strain is when a muscle is stretched too much and tears. It is also called a pulled muscle. A strain is a painful injury. It can be caused by an accident, overusing a muscle, or using a muscle in the wrong way. Sprain A sprain is a stretching or tearing of ligaments — the tough bands of fibrous tissue that connect two bones together in your joints. The most common location for a sprain is in your ankle. Initial treatment includes rest, ice, compression and elevation. Mild sprains can be successfully treated at home.

Fracture A fracture is a break, usually in a bone. If the broken bone punctures the skin, it is called an open or compound fracture. Fractures commonly happen because of car accidents, falls, or sports injuries. Other causes are low bone density and osteoporosis, which cause weakening of the bones. Dislocation A dislocation is an injury in which the ends of your bones are forced from their normal positions. The cause is usually trauma resulting from a fall, an auto accident, or a collision during contact or high-speed sports. Dislocation usually involves the body's larger joints. -is an injury in which the bones in a joint are forced apart and out of their usual positions.

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