MAKKAH AS A CITY STATE OF PRE-ISLAMIC ARABIA 1-1.pptx

Islamic History/M.A/B.S History

1. Prepared by: Muhammad Naeem Shah MAKKAH AS A CITY STATE OF PRE-ISLAMIC ARABIA

2. The founder of Ka’ba , Hazrat Ibraheem had a son whose name was Hazrat Ismaeel . And Hazrat Ismaeel A.S had twelve sons, who spread in the whole arabia . But a son who lived in Makkah and his off springs populated Makkah and the city came into Being. T his man was kidaar . Historical Background of Makkah

3. The tribe’s foundation was laid by ‘ Fahr ’ whose laqab was ‘ Quraysh ’ . His decendents were called ‘ Qurayshis ’ . With the passage of time, they subdivided into small tribes i.e. Banu al- Harist , Banu 'Amir, Banu ' Adi , Banu Taim , Banu Sahm , Banu Jumah , Banu Makhzum , Banu Zuhrah , Banu Abdu Dar, Banu Abdu Shams, Banu Naufal , Banu Hashim, Banu Muthalib , and Banu Asad . Origin of the Quraysh tribes

4. Quraysh was organized by ‘ Qusa ’ or ‘ Qusi ’. He was born in the 5 th generation after Fahr . Qusa made Makkah as a city state of pre-Islamic Arabia in 440 A.D. And took these following steps: Foundation of mutual parliament ‘ Dar-ul- Nadwa Made a national flag ‘ Livaa ’ Established four departments i.e. ‘ Rifada ’, ‘ Siqaya ’, ‘ Hijaba ’, ‘ Qiyada ’. Settlement of internal disputes Foreign affairs Foreign trade Origin of the Administration of Pre-Islamic Makkah

5. Establishment of four departments Rifada In Arabic language, ‘Rifada’ means ‘support’ . It was the main civil and financial department of Makkah. It imposed a certain trading taxe to fereign traders annually. The tax’s money was used to support needy pilgrims. It was carried out by banu Nofal. Siqaya Siqaya means providing water to pilgrims . The duty of Siqaya was under the banu Hashim. Origin of the administration of pre-Islamic Makkah

6. Hijaba Hijaba was the department which duty was lookafter of the walls of Kaba It was also carried out by Banu Hashim. Qiyada qiyada was the name of leadership. It commanding the whole army and deciding whether to go into war or to go out of. Banu Umayyah had this responsibilty . For example, in Battle of Badar , chief of the high command was Utba and in Battle of Uhad , Abu Sufiyan was the army chief. Settlement of internal disputes Makkah did not have legal courts or an institutions to enforce the execution of judicial decisions. Arbitration was the common tradional method for solving conflicts. During the times of Holy Prophet (PEACE BE UPON HIM) the popular arbitrator were Hazrat Abu Bakr , Walid bin Mughera and Harith bin Qays .

7. Foreign Affairs There were ambassadors of Makkah who mantained their political relations With other communities and represented Quraysh in front of them. This Service was called ‘ Sifara ’. And it was assinged according to merit. Amr -bin- Aas from banu Sahm was the popular ambassador. Foreign Trade The foreign trade of Makkah was mainly based on a commercial treaty called Al- Ilaf . It was first introduced by the grand-father of Holy Prophet PEACE BE UPON HIM, Hashim bin Abd -e- Munaf . After this treaty, the people Quraysh used to organize two big commercial expedition in a year. One was organized to Syria in a summer-time and the other to Yemen in winter-time.