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1. Malaria: A Global Health Challenge

2. TABLE OF CONTENTS Epidemiology Transmission & cases Impact Prevention CONCLUSIONS INTRODUCTION 01 02 03 5 4 06

3. About the Disease 01

4. INTRODUCTION Malaria is a parasitic infection caused by the parasite Plasmodium , which is spread through the bite of an infected mosquito. Malaria can only be transmitted by mosquitos of the Anopheles genus.

5. INTRODUCTION A pproximately 200 million to 500 million new cases each year in the world, and the disease is the direct cause of 1 million to 2.5 million deaths per year.

6. INTRODUCTION Malaria is caused by protozoa of the genus Plasmodium.

7. INTRODUCTION Four species cause disease in humans: P falciparum; P vivax; P ovale; and P malariae

8. INTRODUCTION Other species of plasmodia infect reptiles, birds and other mammals. Malaria is spread to humans by the bite of female mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles.

9. Epidemiology 2

10. EPIDEMIOLOGY Malaria transmission intensity, levels of acquired immunity in a population, and manifestations of malaria illness are intimately linked

11. EPIDEMIOLOGY Understanding this relationship should help in estimating the likely impact of malaria in a given population.

12. EPIDEMIOLOGY An important additional consideration is understanding the implications of differences between the environment from which a displaced population comes and the environment in which that population settles, even if only temporarily.

13. Transmission 3

14. TRANSMISSION Malaria can be transmitted by being bitten by an infected female Anopheles mosquito.

15. The life cycle of the Plasmodium Protozoa

16. Rare transmissions: blood transfusion and organ transplant shared use of needles or syringes contaminated with blood congenital malaria

17. Case study The Department of Health on February 7, 2023 reported that all provinces in the country have achieved malaria-free status except Palawan. Most of the reported malaria cases come from high mountainous areas in province of Palawan. In 2022, there were 3,157 confirmed indigenous malaria cases.

18. Impact 4

19. High Disease burden Mortality economic impact social and Educational Impact Impact

20. Rare transmissions: Global efforts progress Climate change Drug resistance

21. Who Is Most Vulnerable?
•Young children, who have not yet developed partial immunity to malaria
•Pregnant women, whose immunity is decreased by pregnancy, especially during the first and second pregnancies
•Travelers or migrants coming from areas with little or no malaria transmission, who lack immunity

22. Prevention 5

23. PREVENTION 2. INDOOR RESIDUAL SPRAYING 3. CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS 1. VECTOR CONTROL

24. PREVENTION 4. ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL 5. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE MEASURE 6. COMMUNITY EDUCATION

25. Insecticide- Treated Bed Nets – Sleeping under ITNs Helps protect individuals from mosquito bites. PREVENTION 1. Vector control

26. IRS involves spraying insecticides on the interior walls of houses to kill mosquitos that come into contact with the walls. PREVENTION 2 . Indoor residual spraying

27. In areas with high malaria transmission, antimalarial drugs can be taken as a preventive measure. For example, drugs like Malarone . PREVENTION 3. Chemoprophylaxis

28. Eliminating mosquito breeding sites, such as stagnant water, by proper drainage, and reducing standing water around homes, can help decrease the mosquito population. PREVENTION 4. Environmental control

29. Wearing long-sleeved clothing and using mosquito repellents containing DEET or picaridin can reduce the risk of mosquito bites. PREVENTION 5 . Personal protective measure

30. Raising awareness in affected communities about the importance of these prevention methods and how to use them effectively is crucial in controlling malaria. PREVENTION 6. C ommunity education

31. conclusion 6

32. Malaria can be transmitted by being bitten by an infected female Anopheles mosquito. Malaria remains a formidable global health issue, with a profound impact on human populations, particularly in regions with limited access to healthcare and resources. CONCLUSIONS

33. As international efforts to combat the disease continue, it is crucial to address challenges such as drug resistance, while also focusing on prevention and public health education. The goal of malaria eradication remains an ambitious but necessary aspiration for the well-being of communities worldwide. CONCLUSIONS