Malaria intro.pptx malaria introduction ppt

Malaria introduction

1. ‐ Pragathi b l Reg no- 17m1887 MALARIA

2. Introduction Protozoal disease of man Causative organism :- Plasmodium Species : • Plasmodium vivax • Plasmodium falciparum • Plasmodium ovale • Plasmodium malariae

3. EPIDEMIOLOGY Malaria is an important tropical disease , afflicting 350-500 million patients annually with over one million deaths. The national vector borne disease control program reported around 0.8 million cases of malaria in India in 2014 with some 300 deaths; 60% of the cases were due to P.falciparum. Large number of cases are reported from Orissa, Chhattisgarh, West Bengal, Karnataka, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh , Uttar Pradesh, Assam , Gujarat and Rajasthan. About 10% cases are reported from the urban areas, due to construction activities, population migration, and inappropriate water storage and disposal.

4. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS A) AGENT FACTORS : Malaria in man is caused by four distinct species of the malaria parasite – P. vivax, P. malariae , P. Falciparum, P. ovale . In India, about 50% of the infections are reported to be due to P.falciparum and 4-8% due to mixed infection and rest due to P.vivax . The largest focus of P.malariae in India is reported to be in Tumkur and Hassan districts in Karnataka.

5. B.)HOST FACTORS : AGE: malaria affects all ages . New-born infants have considerable resistance to infection with P.falciparum . This has been attributed to the high concentration of fetal haemoglobin during the first few months of life , which suppresses the development of P.falciparum . SEX : Males are more frequently exposed to the risk of acquiring malaria than females because of the outdoor life they lead. PREGNANCY : malaria during pregnancy may cause intrauterine death of the fetus , it may also cause premature labour or abortion. Primigravida has no affect on the parasite. OCCUPATION : malaria is predominantly a rural disease and is closely related to agricultural practices.

6. TEMPERATURE: The optimum temperature for the development of the malaria parasite in the insect vector is between 20deg to 30deg. RAINFALL: R ain in general provides opportunities for the breeding of mosquitoes and may give rise to epidemics of malaria. ALTITUDE: A s a rule, Anopheles are not found at altitudes above 2000-2500 mts , due to unfavourable climatic conditions. C) ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS : SEASON : In most parts of India, the maximum prevalence is from July to November.

7. Transmission Vector transmission Direct transmission Congenital transmission

8. Vectors of malaria:- A.Culicifacies A.Fluvatalis A.Stephensi A.Minimus A.Philippinesis A.Sundaicus

9. Incubation period:-

10. Thank you!