Malaria, its pathology, epidemiology and clinical manifestations

discussed about what is malaria, what are the causetive organisms of malaria, what are the reasons for malaria, what are the symptoms of malaria, how can it be diagnosed, what are the risk factors, how can it be prevented etc. also dicusses about the life cycle of malaria

1. MALARIA Presented By JESNA BABY 1

2. Definition It is defined as a mosquito borne infectious disease of human caused by parasitic protozon of the genus plasmodium transmitted via a bite form an infected female anopheles mosquito . 2

3. By protozoan parasites of the genus protoz plasmodium. 4 species Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium vivax Plasmodium ovale Plasmodium malariae People get malaria by bittening of infected female Anopheloes mosquito. ETIOLOGY 3

4. An estimated 300 million cases of malaria occur each year. Annually accounting for 1.5 to 2.7 million death Most of the death are due to infection with plasmodium falciparum & occur among children & pregnant women in the developing world , especially sub- Saharan Africa. EPIDEMIOLOGY 4

5. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 5

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10. Vector transmission – Bite by infective female anopheles mosquitoes Direct transmission Blood transfusion The use of contaminated needle and syringe Organ transplant Congential transmission mother to new born ROUTE OF TRANSMISSION 10

11. Fever Shaking chills Headache Tiredness Nausea Vomiting Diarrhea It may cause anaemia and jaundice SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS 11

12. Environmental factor A warm humid climate temperature between 16℃ and 40℃ and abundant rainfall have anopheles mosquitoes Vegetation nearby to provide shade for the mosquito to hide the day and digest the blood meal from the night before RISK FACTORS 12

13. Human factor Poor water supply and sanitation People working in the field and in irrigation system near or on lakes and reservoris Migrates moving into malarial areas clearing land looking for work refuges 13

14. PREVENTION Preventing mosquito accessing egg laying habitats by management& modification Coverivg ,emptying&cleaning of domestic water storage containers apply insecticides to water storage outdoor containers

15. Using personal household protection such as window screen,long sleeved clothes,coils,vaporizers Massage exposed body parts with insect repellent, Spread awareness about dengue mosquito

16. Prevent patient from being bitten by mosquitoes Breed small mosquito eating fishes in artificial pond to eradicate mosquito larvae

17. Blood film examination Thick blood film Used for detecting malaria larger volume of blood is examined allowing detection of even low levels of parasitaemia. DIAGNOSIS 17

18. Thin blood film Gives more information about the parasite morphology and therefore is used to identify the particular infecting species of plasmodium 18

19. Rapid diagnostic tests PCR based techniques Fluorescent techniques Serologic tests 19

20. Quinine Chloroquine Mefloquine Antibiotic ( eg : doxocycline , dindamycin,azithramycin ) TREATMENT 20

21. 21 THANK YOU