MALARIA PREVENTION most those that are done in Zambia

Presentation

1. MALARIA PREVENTION Henry Taulo

2. Outline Introduction Epidemiology Risk factors Clinical features Diagnosis Treatment prevention

3. Introduction Life threatening parasitic infection caused by plasmodium 5 Plasmodium species: falciparum, vivax, ovale , knowlesi and malariae In Zambia 98% are plasmodium falciparum Transmitted by females anopheles mosquitos Available in Zambia are ano . fenistus , ano . gambiae and ano . arabiensis

4. Epidemiology WHO 2023 Malaria report Globally in 2022 249 million cases and 608000 deaths African region highest share with 94% (233million) cases and 95%(508000) deaths In Zambia (Zambia national malaria elimination centre ) Incidence is 323 per 1000 Mortality is 8 per 100000.

5. Risk Factors Host Under 5 children and immunosuppression Environmental Living near dams or waters sources, rainy season and high temperate areas Vector Presence of female anopheles mosquitos Social Poor housing and low social economic status

6. Clinical features UNCOMPLICATED Fever Chills Loss of appetite Myalgia Nausea/vomiting Malaise Abdominal pains COMPLICATED Dark urine Drowsiness /coma Mental confusion Jaundice Seizures Haemoglobinuria Poor urine output Difficulty in breathing

7. Diagnosis Malaria rapid diagnostic test(MRDT) Light microscopy Thin and thick smear PCR

8. Treatment First line Uncomplicated = artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) eg Coartem Complicated = artesunate Second line Uncomplicated = artesunate amodiaquine (ASAQ) Complicated = quinine

9. Prevention Vector control Indoor residual spraying larvae source management Use of long lasting insecticide treated nets Case management Integrated Community Case Management Intermittent preventive therapy during pregnancy Parasite clearance Mass and focal drug administration Critical support system Supply chain : reduce annual average stock out rate Health promotion Awareness campaign

10. Other suggested methods of prevention Malaria vaccine House improvement Subsidy of mosquito repellants Use of genetically modified mosquitos

11. THANK YOU Be good, keep smiling!