_Malaria_Treatment_Presentation__.pptx

Malaria Treatment: Management of Severe Cases and Pregnant Women

1. Malaria Treatment: Management of Severe Cases and Pregnant Women MITTAL PULKIT IM-565

2. Introduction to Malaria - Caused by Plasmodium parasites (P. falciparum, P. vivax, etc.) - Transmitted via Anopheles mosquitoes - Symptoms: Fever, chills, headache, muscle pain

3. Severe Malaria - Defined by complications like cerebral malaria, severe anemia , or multi-organ failure - High fatality rate if untreated - Primarily caused by P. falciparum

4. First-line Treatment for Severe Malaria - Intravenous (IV) artesunate is the preferred treatment - Alternative: IV quinine (if artesunate unavailable) - Supportive care: Fluid management, blood transfusions, anticonvulsants if needed

5. Monitoring in Severe Malaria - Regular monitoring of blood glucose, kidney function, and respiratory rate - Monitoring for signs of neurological damage (coma, seizures)

6. Malaria in Pregnancy - Higher risk of complications: severe anemia , low birth weight, stillbirth - Malaria during pregnancy can lead to maternal and fetal death - Management differs slightly due to drug safety concerns

7. Treatment of Malaria in Pregnancy (1st Trimester) - Oral quinine with clindamycin (first trimester) - Avoidance of artemisinin derivatives due to potential fetal harm

8. Treatment of Malaria in Pregnancy (2nd & 3rd Trimesters) - Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) recommended after the first trimester - Close monitoring for both mother and baby

9. Prevention Strategies for Pregnant Women - Intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine -pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) - Use of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) - Prompt diagnosis and treatment if symptoms arise

10. Conclusion - Severe malaria requires immediate and aggressive treatment - Special considerations needed for treatment in pregnancy - Prevention is key, especially in endemic areas