Male reproductive physiology.pptxzgmzkxulcljulluflutulkmc

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1. Functional anatomy of male reproductive system

2. The male reproductive system comprises the external genital organs and internal genital organs and accessory glands. External genital organs :- 1)Penis :- It is the male copulatory organ/ intromittent organ and common outlet for urine and semen I t is divided into 3 parts : Root , Body and Glans penis including the shaft skin, and the foreskin the   foreskin  covering the  glans .

3. The body of the penis is made up of three columns of  tissue : two  corpora cavernosa  on the  dorsal side  and  corpus spongiosum between them on the  ventral side 2) Scrotum :- It is a  cutaneous fibromuscular sac that hangs behind the penis . It contains testis, epididymis and lower ends of spermatic cards

4. I t maintains the temperature lower than the normal body temperature which is necessary for normal spermatogenesis. Scrotum has ability to contract and relax helps regulate the temperature of testes . It contracts from cold,  exercise , or sexual stimulation and expands and relaxes when warm.

5. Internal genital organs :- 1) Epididymis :- A narrow tightly- coiled tube that is attached to each of the testicles. The efferent ductus transports the sperms from the rete testis to the epididymis where they stored. The sperms can remain viable for a month in the epididymis.

6. secretions of epididymis provide nourishment to the spermatoza and helps them to mature. non- motile spermatozoa become motile after passing through epididymis .

7. 2)Vas deferens or ductus deferens:- I t is the continuation of the tail of epididymis . It ends by joining to the duct of seminal vesicle, it serve as a secondary store house for spermatozoa which will be released at the time of ejaculation 3)Ejaculatory ducts:- paired, short tubes formed by junction of the vas deferens and seminal vesicle ducts they run through prostate gland and empty into urethra.

8. 4) Spermatic cord :- it suspends the testis in the scrotum and contains structures that pass through the inguinal canal to and from the testis ie ductus deferens , vessels and nerves of the testis. 5) urethra:- it is a muscular tube 18-20cm long that carries urine from bladder to outside of body and also provides an exit for semen .

9. 6) Testes:- oval shaped organs within the scrotum responsible for producing sperm and male sex hormone testosterone

10. Accessory glands:- 1) Seminal vesicles :- these are two lobulated glands situated on either side of prostate. they secrete thick alkaline fluid and have fructose that nourishes the sperm and that mixes with the sperms as they pass into the ejaculatory ducts and urethra. 2) prostate gland :- it is largest accessory gland of the male reproductive system it secretes a thin milky fluid which forms 30% the volume of semen .

11. the prostate also converts testosterone into another hormone called dihydrotestosterone which influences sexual development and prostate growth 3) Bulbourethral glands ( cowpers gland) :- a pair of pea – sized exocrine glands situated near the urethra just below the prostate gland. secrete clear lubricating fluid that helps to neutralize any acidity in the urethra from residual urine