Malignancy.eye.pptx malignancy eye......

Malignancy of eye and types of malignancy

1. Malignancy Submitted by:Ayshathul anwara

2. Malignancy The term "malignancy" refers to the presence of cancerous cells that have the ability to spread to other sites in the body or to invade nearby (locally) and destroy tissues A term used to describe cancer.malignant cells grow in an uncontrolled way and can invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph system.

3. Grading and staging of cancer: While a grade describes the appearance of cancer cells and tissue, a cancer's stage explains how large the primary tumor is and how far the cancer has spread in the patient's body. There are several different staging systems. Many of these have been created for specific kinds of cancers.

4. he TNM system divides tumors into five stages: stage 0, stage 1, stage 2, stage 3, and stage 4. Stage 0 tumors are non-invasive and are called carcinoma in situ. Stage 1 tumors are early and localized . Stage 2 tumors are larger and have spread to nearby tissues. Stage 3 tumors are even larger and have spread to nearby lymph nodes. Stage 4 tumors have spread to other parts of the body.

5. There are two methods of staging cancer: clinical and pathological. Clinical staging  is based on physical examination, lab tests, imaging studies, and biopsy results. Pathological staging includes all of these, as well as a complete examination of the removed tumor .  Pathological staging  provides a more precise understanding of the cancer and is used to plan treatment.

6. Thank you