Maliki Salat (Easy)Islam,Sunni,Mali

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PrayerandPurificationaccordingtotheMaalikiSchoolofPrayerandPurificationaccordingtotheMaalikiSchoolofPrayerandPurificationaccordingtotheMaalikiSchoolofPrayerandPurificationaccordingtotheMaalikiSchoolof
IslamicJurisprudenceIslamicJurisprudenceIslamicJurisprudenceIslamicJurisprudence

AmanualcomposedbyBr.AbdullahbinHamidAliAmanualcomposedbyBr.AbdullahbinHamidAliAmanualcomposedbyBr.AbdullahbinHamidAliAmanualcomposedbyBr.AbdullahbinHamidAli

TableofContents:TableofContents:TableofContents:TableofContents:

1111––––Preface.Preface.Preface.Preface. 3333

2222––––Introduction.Introduction.Introduction.Introduction. 8888

3333––––PrerequiPrerequiPrerequiPrerequisitesofPrayer.sitesofPrayer.sitesofPrayer.sitesofPrayer. 11111111

4444––––TheStepsofTheStepsofTheStepsofTheStepsof
WudooWudooWudooWudoo.... 13131313

5555––––HowtoPray?HowtoPray?HowtoPray?HowtoPray? 11115555

6666––––TheObligatoryPrayers,theirnames,andtimes.TheObligatoryPrayers,theirnames,andtimes.TheObligatoryPrayers,theirnames,andtimes.TheObligatoryPrayers,theirnames,andtimes. 28282828

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7777––––TheObligatoryPrayers,andtheirNumberofUnits.TheObligatoryPrayers,andtheirNumberofUnits.TheObligatoryPrayers,andtheirNumberofUnits.TheObligatoryPrayers,andtheirNumberofUnits. 31313131

8888––––TheAudiblePrayersandInaudible.TheAudiblePrayersandInaudible.TheAudiblePrayersandInaudible.TheAudiblePrayersandInaudible. 32323232

9999––––PrayPrayPrayPrayerinCongregation.erinCongregation.erinCongregation.erinCongregation. 34343434

10101010––––ThingsthatNullifythePrayer.ThingsthatNullifythePrayer.ThingsthatNullifythePrayer.ThingsthatNullifythePrayer. 39393939

11111111––––ThingsthatNullifyThingsthatNullifyThingsthatNullifyThingsthatNullify
Wudoo.Wudoo.Wudoo.Wudoo. 41414141

12121212––––TheRitualShowerTheRitualShowerTheRitualShowerTheRitualShower
(Al(Al(Al(Al----Ghusl)Ghusl)Ghusl)Ghusl) 44444444

13131313––––TheVoluntaryPrayers.TheVoluntaryPrayers.TheVoluntaryPrayers.TheVoluntaryPrayers. 47474747

14141414––––DryAblutionDryAblutionDryAblutionDryAblution
(Tayammum)(Tayammum)(Tayammum)(Tayammum) 52525252

15151515––––WipingoverleathersocksWipingoverleathersocksWipingoverleathersocksWipingoverleathersocks
(khuff)(khuff)(khuff)(khuff) 57575757

16161616––––WipingoverthecastandmedicatedpadWipingoverthecastandmedicatedpadWipingoverthecastandmedicatedpadWipingoverthecastandmedicatedpad 59595959

17171717––––AdditionalShortAdditionalShortAdditionalShortAdditionalShort
SurahsSurahsSurahsSurahs 61616161

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PrayerandPurificationaccordingtotheMaalikiSchoolofPrayerandPurificationaccordingtotheMaalikiSchoolofPrayerandPurificationaccordingtotheMaalikiSchoolofPrayerandPurificationaccordingtotheMaalikiSchoolof
IslamicJurisprudenceIslamicJurisprudenceIslamicJurisprudenceIslamicJurisprudence
FornewcomerstotheFornewcomerstotheFornewcomerstotheFornewcomerstotheIslamicIslamicIslamicIslamicfaithandotherconcernedfaithandotherconcernedfaithandotherconcernedfaithandotherconcerned
MuslimsMuslimsMuslimsMuslims

PREFACEPREFACEPREFACEPREFACE

All praise is due to
Allah.Allah.Allah.Allah. We beseech Him for His aid and
forgiveness. Whoever He guides, none can misguide.And
whomeverHemisguides,he/shehasnoonecapableofgranting
guidance.AndItestifythatthereisnodeityotherthanHim.He
hasnoassociates.AndItestifytothetruthfulnessofhisNoble
Messenger,
MuhammadMuhammadMuhammadMuhammad – mayAllahAllahAllahAllah bless him and grant him
peace.

This is a manual for the
Maalikiprayer. It is designed as a
referencebookfornewcomersto
Islam,althoughitcanbeagreat
sourceofbenefitforthoseseekingtoknowprayerasdescribedby
thejuristsofthe
Maalikischooloflaw.

4
Thereaderwhoiscognizantofthearrangementofthechaptersin
thebooksof
Fiqh(jurisprudence)willimmediatelynoticethatI
didn’t follow the same pattern customarily followed by
Islamic
scholars;thatbeingthatthesubjectofpurification
(At(At(At(At----Tahaarah)Tahaarah)Tahaarah)Tahaarah)
wouldusuallybementionedexhaustivelyinthefirstchapter,then
followedbyprayer
(Salaat).(Salaat).(Salaat).(Salaat).Asforme,Ichosetomixbetweenthe
chapter of prayer and purification, while placing the greatest
importanceontheprerequisitesofprayerandwhatfollowsit.
Whatledtothismixingwastheobjectivefromwritingaboutthe
topicitself,whichistoteachthenewcomertothefaithhowto
pray.Therefore,Isawitnecessarytoarrangethechaptersinthe
mannerthatyousoonwillseeintheorderofimportancethatit
wouldbedeemedsowithrelationtothenewcomer.
It appeared to me to be most important to first mention the
prerequisitesofprayer,sinceonesprayerwouldnotvalidifthese
prerequisiteswerenotfulfilled.Ichosethentodiscussthestepsof
wudoowudoowudoowudoo(ablution),sinceitistheonlyoftheprerequisitesthatis
absolutelyrequiredforthevalidityofonesprayer.Theonewho
isn’tinastateofminorritualpurity
(wudoo)cannotpray,justas
weretheytodosotheprayerwouldbeinvalidwhetherornotthey

5
had the ability to performwudoo, and whether or not they
rememberedtheywereinitsinviolablestate.
Afterdealingwiththeprerequisites,Iexplainedthestepsofthe
prayer.Afterlearninghowtoprayitseemsmostnaturalforoneto
knowwhatprayersarecompulsoryandwhichareoptional.SoI
mentionedtheirnames,times,andthenumberofunitsthateachis
comprisedof.
Then, I pointed out which of the prayers are to beperformed
audiblyandwhicharenot.
After that, I talked about the congregational prayer, and the
distinctionsbetweenitandtheindividualprayers.
After I felt that the new comer should know enoughabout his
prayer, I talked about those matters that nullify ones prayer,
becauseonceoneisabletoprayitwouldseemnecessaryforthem
to know what things render his/her prayer to be null and void.
That’snamelybecauseoneshouldbeworkingonhowtoperfect
onesprayerafterknowingthephysicalexteriormotionsofit.
Next,Italkaboutthethingsthatnullifyones
wudoo,sinceitisan
absolutelynecessaryingredientforthesoundnessofonesprayer.
Andwereitinvalid,theprayerwouldautomaticallybeinvalidby

6
extension, since the validity of the prayer is built upon the
soundnessofonesablution
(wudoo).
AfterthatItalkabouttheritualshower
(al(al(al(al----ghusl)ghusl)ghusl)ghusl),itssteps,and
nullifiersasawayofbringingtotheattentionofthenewcomer
certainmattersthatonemustbeconcernedaboutinoneseveryday
life, like how to bathe, and how to remove ones state of major
ritualimpurity
(al(al(al(al----janaabah)janaabah)janaabah)janaabah)whenworshipbecomesaduty.
Then finally, I close with the chapter dealing with voluntary
prayers, and their relative descriptions as a way of bringing our
discussion to completion and perfection. For one may be
interestedinknowinghowonecangainadditionalrewardforones
ownsake.

Itriedtokeepthelanguageofthismanualverysimpleandplain,
sothat
al-fiqh(jurisprudence)couldbeaccessibletoallMuslims,
the educated and the unlettered, and the poor and rich alike.
That’s because this knowledge is not the monopoly of any
particularclassorrace,justasunderstandingitdoesn’trequirean
extensiveEnglishvocabulary.
I adopted a simplified form of transliteration in an attempt to
makethememorizationofcertain
IslamicprayersinArabiceasy

7
for the new comers who are mainly non-Arabicspeakers and
readers.Thisinnomeansisanattempttoencourageanyonenot
tolearnhowtoread
Arabicletters,etc.Rather,itwasdonemerely
inconsiderationofthegreatmanypeoplewhohavedifficultyin
learning
Arabic,aswellasnewcomerswhoareobligatedtopray
fivetimesadayoncetheyembrace
Islam.Ittakeslesstimefor
themtomemorizeatransliteratedtextthanitdoesforonetolearn
how to read and write in
Arabic. So, one would definitely be
requiredtoeventuallylearnhowtoreciteallcompulsoryprayers
in
Arabic,andtheirproperrecitations.So,itissimplyamatterof
necessity.
Ididn’tadoptamorescholarlyformoftransliteration,sincethe
bettereducatedwouldnotfindanydifficultyindecipheringsucha
basictransliteration,whereasthelessereducatedwouldsurelyfind
greatdifficultyintryingtoreadamorescholarlytransliteration.
And the Prophet said, “Move at the pace of the weak amongst
you”(seeroosairaDu’afaaikum).
Soweask
AllahAllahAllahAllah,TheMostHigh,toblessthisventure,andmakeit
asourceofbenefittoallMuslimsseekinganeasywaytobecome
acquaintedwiththeirprayers.Amin.

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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

Justaswefoundthatwhenoneacceptedthe
Islamicfaiththere
was a specific utterance required for one to say in order to be
considered a
Muslim, there are also rules one must follow in
fulfillingthesecondpillarof
Islam,prayer(Salaat).
Generally,itisa
Muslim’sobjectiveinprayertocarryitoutinthe
samewaythattheHolyMessenger
Muhammad–mayAllahAllahAllahAllahbless
him and grant him peace - did so. However, due to variant
traditionsandtheleveloftheirweaknessandstrength,therehad
arisen a number of different schools of jurisprudence, each
defining the prayer in their own particular terms,and in
accordancewiththelegislativeprinciplesadoptedbythefounders
ofeachindividualschool.
Ofthesevariousschoolsof
SunniMuslims,thereonlyremain4
thathavebeenacceptedbyall
SunniMuslimsfromasearlyasthe
third century of
Islam until the present day. This acceptance
constitutesaconsensus,whichisconsideredalegislativeproofin
the view of the overwhelming majority of
Sunnischolars. The
resultbeingthatitwouldbeequallyvalidforonetoemulatethe

9
founderofanyofthefourschoolsintheareaofprayer,justas
suchaprayerwouldbeequallyvalidregardlessoftheparticular
jurisprudence adopted. This in itself helps to save the
Muslim
from great confusion with regard to his/her religion. For it
provides them with a simple and valid way of praying without
subjectingthemtothedoubtsanddifficultiesmanyhavesuffered
fromforyearsas
Muslimswhoconstantlyaltertheirmannerof
prayer when confronted by certain tendencies current in the
Islamicworldtoday.So,myadvicetothenewbelieverwouldbeto
holdfastbythisfirstformofprayerthatyoushalllearnhereinthis
manual.
1
Knowthat,althoughyourprayermightdifferfrommany
others’ styles of praying, you do not violate any essential
component of the prayer that would render it invalid. And the
testimony of over a thousand years of
Muslim scholarship
tenaciouslyholdingontothisparticularformofprayer,aswellas
theformsfoundintheotherthreeschools,isatestimonymuch
much more worthy of consideration, than the testimony and
objections of modern-day dissenters who have only appeared
withinthelastcentury.

1
Thesamegoesfortheonewholearnsprayeraccordingtoanyoftheotheracceptedschools
ofIslamicjurisprudence.

10
The names of the 4 schools ofSunni Law are 1) theHaanafiHaanafiHaanafiHaanafi
school,2)theMaalikiMaalikiMaalikiMaalikischool,3)theShaafi’eeShaafi’eeShaafi’eeShaafi’eeschool,and4)the
HanbaliHanbaliHanbaliHanbalischool.Theformofprayerexplainedinthismanualisin
accordancewiththe
Maalikischool,especiallysinceitistheschool
studiedandpracticedbytheauthor.Asfornow,weleaveyouwith
The
Muslim prayer according to theMaaliki school of
jurisprudence.

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ThePrerequisitesofPrayerThePrerequisitesofPrayerThePrerequisitesofPrayerThePrerequisitesofPrayer

For prayer in
Islam are prerequisites by which every person
seekingtoperformtheobligatoryactofprayermustobservein
orderforittobeconsideredvalid.Thepersonmustobservefour
matters:
1111 - One must face the direction of MeccaOne must face the direction of MeccaOne must face the direction of MeccaOne must face the direction of Mecca. It is on theNorth
Americancontinentapproximatelythenortheasterndirectionwith
slightvariancefromonelocalitytoanother.
2222-Onemustremovefromonesbodyallformsoffilthe.g.urine,Onemustremovefromonesbodyallformsoffilthe.g.urine,Onemustremovefromonesbodyallformsoffilthe.g.urine,Onemustremovefromonesbodyallformsoffilthe.g.urine,
feces,blood,etcfeces,blood,etcfeces,blood,etcfeces,blood,etc.
3333-OnemustproperlycoveronesnakednessOnemustproperlycoveronesnakednessOnemustproperlycoveronesnakednessOnemustproperlycoveronesnakednesswhileplacingspecial
emphasisontheprivateparts.Meaning,thatonemustbesurethat
onesnakednessorprivatepartsarenotshowing.Thisentailsfor
themantocoverallbetweenhisnavelandknees.Itispreferred
thathealsocoverstheareaabovehisnaveluptohisshoulders.As
forthewoman,sheisrequiredtocoverherentirebodywiththe
exceptionofherfaceandhands.

12
Theclothingofneitherthemannorthewomanshouldbetight
fittingorsee-through.
2

4444-OnemustperformOnemustperformOnemustperformOnemustperform––––inpreparationfortheprayerinpreparationfortheprayerinpreparationfortheprayerinpreparationfortheprayer––––whwhwhwhatisatisatisatis
knownasknownasknownasknownas
wuduwuduwuduwudu.Itisaspecialformofwashingofthebodilylimbs
thatwewillspecializeforitsstepsasectionofitsown.

2
Togetamoredetailedlegalexplanationofthelimitsofonesnakedness,oneshouldenroll
inthenearnessclasson
Maalikilaw.

13
TheStepsofTheStepsofTheStepsofTheStepsofWuduWuduWuduWudu

1111-Oneshouldbeginoneswudu,justasallotheractsofworship,
withthesaying“Inth“Inth“Inth“InthenameofAllah,”(enameofAllah,”(enameofAllah,”(enameofAllah,”(bismillaabismillaabismillaabismillaa).).).).
2222-Thefirststepaftermentioning
Allah’sAllah’sAllah’sAllah’snameistowashfromthehands any filth or other matter that may prevent water from
dampeningtheskin.
3333-Next,oneshouldrinseouthis/hermouththreetimes.
4444-Takewaterupthenoseandblowitoutthreetimes.
5555-Washthefacethreetimes.Theboundariesofthefacearefrom
thefronthairlinetothetipofthechin,andfromtheedgeofone
eartotheother.Ifonehappenstohaveabeard,hemerelywipes
overthetopofitiftheskincannotbeseenduetoitsdenseness.
However,ifthebeardhappenstobethin/shortallowingforoneto
seethecoloroftheskin,onemustseparatethehairsofthebeard
tobesurethatwaterreachestheskin.
6666-Washthearmstoandincludingtheelbows,beginningfromthe
fingertips,threetimes.
7777-Wipethehead.Thewaytodothisistointerlacethefingersof
bothhands.Positionthetwothumbsateachrespectivetemporal

14
lobe.Then,commencetowipethehead,startingfromthefront
hairline and ending up at the nape of the neck or end of the
cranium,andthenreturnthehandsbackovertheheaduntilthey
reachthefronthairlineonceagain.Thisallshouldbedoneintwo
strokes,usingofthesamewater.
8888-Wetthethumbsandindexfingersagain,andwipethebackside
oftheearsthatareclosesttothehead.Usetheindexfingersto
wipetheholesoftheears.
9999-Washeachfoottoandincludingtheanklethreetimesstarting
withtherightfoot.Oneshouldseparatethetoesofeachfootwhile
doingthiswiththepinkytoinsurethatwatergetsbetweenthegaps
ofthetoes.
10101010-Itisrecommendedforonetosay:“Ibearwitnessthatthereis“Ibearwitnessthatthereis“Ibearwitnessthatthereis“Ibearwitnessthatthereis
nodeityotherthannodeityotherthannodeityotherthannodeityotherthan
Allah.Allah.Allah.Allah.Heisalone,andhasnoassociates.AndHeisalone,andhasnoassociates.AndHeisalone,andhasnoassociates.AndHeisalone,andhasnoassociates.And
IbearwitnessthIbearwitnessthIbearwitnessthIbearwitnessthatatatat
MuhammadMuhammadMuhammadMuhammadishisslaveandmessenger.”(ishisslaveandmessenger.”(ishisslaveandmessenger.”(ishisslaveandmessenger.”(AshAshAshAsh
haduallaailaahaillallahuwahdahulaashareekalawahaduallaailaahaillallahuwahdahulaashareekalawahaduallaailaahaillallahuwahdahulaashareekalawahaduallaailaahaillallahuwahdahulaashareekalawa
ashhaduashhaduashhaduashhadu
annaMuhammadan‘abduhuwarasooluhu).annaMuhammadan‘abduhuwarasooluhu).annaMuhammadan‘abduhuwarasooluhu).annaMuhammadan‘abduhuwarasooluhu).
Nowyou’rereadyto
pray.

15
HowtoprayHowtoprayHowtoprayHowtopray

The word for prayer in
Arabic(which is the language of the
Qur’Qur’Qur’Qur’ananananandIslamIslamIslamIslam)isSalaatSalaatSalaatSalaat.Itismorethanwhatisknowninother
religioustraditionsassupplication,
whichiscalledDu’aaDu’aaDu’aaDu’aa.Rather,
theprayerof
Islamismorelikenedtoacompleteserviceinitself,
since it is comprised of many units, bowings, prostrations,
supplications,andthelike.
Theobligatoryprayershouldbeginwiththerecitationofwhatis
termed
“Al“Al“Al“Al----Iqaamah”Iqaamah”Iqaamah”Iqaamah”(TheFirstCalltoPrayer).ThewordsofAlAlAlAl----
IqaamahIqaamahIqaamahIqaamah
areasfollows.
(AllahuAkbar,AllahuAkbar,AshhaduallaailaahaillAllah,wa(AllahuAkbar,AllahuAkbar,AshhaduallaailaahaillAllah,wa(AllahuAkbar,AllahuAkbar,AshhaduallaailaahaillAllah,wa(AllahuAkbar,AllahuAkbar,AshhaduallaailaahaillAllah,wa
ashhaduannaMuhammadanrasoolAllah,Hayya‘alasSalaati,ashhaduannaMuhammadanrasoolAllah,Hayya‘alasSalaati,ashhaduannaMuhammadanrasoolAllah,Hayya‘alasSalaati,ashhaduannaMuhammadanrasoolAllah,Hayya‘alasSalaati,
Hayya‘alalfalaah,qadqaamatisSalaatu,AllahuAkbar,AllahuHayya‘alalfalaah,qadqaamatisSalaatu,AllahuAkbar,AllahuHayya‘alalfalaah,qadqaamatisSalaatu,AllahuAkbar,AllahuHayya‘alalfalaah,qadqaamatisSalaatu,AllahuAkbar,Allahu
Akbar,LaailaahaillAllah.)Akbar,LaailaahaillAllah.)Akbar,LaailaahaillAllah.)Akbar,LaailaahaillAllah.)
((((AllahAllahAllahAllahisGreater.isGreater.isGreater.isGreater.AllahAllahAllahAllahisGreater.IbearwitnessthatthereisnoisGreater.IbearwitnessthatthereisnoisGreater.IbearwitnessthatthereisnoisGreater.Ibearwitnessthatthereisno
deity butdeity butdeity butdeity but
AllahAllahAllahAllah, and I bear witne, and I bear witne, and I bear witne, and I bear witness that Muhammad is thess that Muhammad is thess that Muhammad is thess that Muhammad is the
Messenger ofMessenger ofMessenger ofMessenger of
AllahAllahAllahAllah. Hasten to Prayer. Hasten to Prosperity.. Hasten to Prayer. Hasten to Prosperity.. Hasten to Prayer. Hasten to Prosperity.. Hasten to Prayer. Hasten to Prosperity.
Prayerhasdrawnnear.Prayerhasdrawnnear.Prayerhasdrawnnear.Prayerhasdrawnnear.
AllahAllahAllahAllahisGreater.isGreater.isGreater.isGreater.AllahAllahAllahAllahisGreater.ThereisisGreater.ThereisisGreater.ThereisisGreater.Thereis
nogodbutnogodbutnogodbutnogodbut
AllahAllahAllahAllah.).).).)

16
AlAlAlAl----IqaamahIqaamahIqaamahIqaamah should be recited before obligatory prayers, those
doneincongregation,aswellasthoseperformedindividually.As
forthevoluntaryprayers,itisnotnecessarynorpreferablethat
onerecites
alalalal----iqaamahiqaamahiqaamahiqaamah.
Asforthestepsforthe
Islamicprayerservice,theyareasfollows:

1111 - Raise both hands parallel with the shoulders
(almost as if
raising them in surrender), and say“Allahu Akbar”“Allahu Akbar”“Allahu Akbar”“Allahu Akbar” (Allah is
Greatest). No other expression will suffice. The hands are not
raisedatanyothertimeduringtheprayer,justasthearmsshould
beatone’ssidesasifstandingatattention.Thisistheviewofthe
majorityof
Malikijurists,althoughitisalsopermissibleforoneto
praywithoneshandsfolded,therightbeingovertheleft.
3
The
handsshouldbepositionedbetweenthechestandnavel.

3
Ideemeditimportanttomentionthis,sincethereismuchdisputebetweenmostadherents
ofthereligionofthefaith,whoareunlearned,withregardtothepermissibilityofpraying
withoneshandsatonessides.Itmightbewiseforonetoabandonwhattheybelievetobethe
correctpositionorevenavalidpositionsometimeswhentheyfindthattheirfellowbrothers
andsistersinthefaithhavenotyetlearnedtobetoleranttovaliddifferencesofopinion.The
newMuslimwillcometoknowthisinnotime,justashe’ll/she’llcometoknowthecircles
whereitwouldbeadvisabletopossiblyabandonwhatonehaslearnedinitiallytobecorrect
andvalid.Thiswouldmerelybedoneforthesakeofpreservingunity.

17
2222-RecitetheopeningchapteroftheQQQQur’anur’anur’anur’anentitledAlAlAlAl----FaatihaFaatihaFaatihaFaatiha.
Itmustberecitedin
Arabic,althoughitistakenintoaccountthat
onemayhavedifficultyinmemorizingitattheoutstart.Ifthisis
thecase,onemustfindsomeoneelsewhoperfectsitsrecitationto
pray behind. This might entail attending the mosque at the
prescribedtimesforprayer.However,ifonedoesn’tfindsomeone
topraybehind,reciting
Al-Faatihafallsasanobligation,justas
oneshouldnotreciteanythinginitsstead.Thisisthepopularview
intheMalikiSchool.Yet,thereisaminorviewthatholdsittobe
permissible for one to recite certain forms of glorification and
remembrance. So, in accordance with this second view, it is
recommendedforonetosay:
“SubhaanAllahwalHamdulillaa“SubhaanAllahwalHamdulillaa“SubhaanAllahwalHamdulillaa“SubhaanAllahwalHamdulillaa
waAllahuwaAllahuwaAllahuwaAllahu
AkbarAkbarAkbarAkbarwalaahaulawalaaquwwataillaabillaa”walaahaulawalaaquwwataillaabillaa”walaahaulawalaaquwwataillaabillaa”walaahaulawalaaquwwataillaabillaa”(Glory(Glory(Glory(Glory
betobetobetobeto
AllahAllahAllahAllah.Allpraiseisdueto.Allpraiseisdueto.Allpraiseisdueto.AllpraiseisduetoAllahAllahAllahAllah....AllahAllahAllahAllahisGreatest.AndthereisGreatest.AndthereisGreatest.AndthereisGreatest.Andthere
isnomightandnopowerexceptbyisnomightandnopowerexceptbyisnomightandnopowerexceptbyisnomightandnopowerexceptby
AllahAllahAllahAllah).).).).Thiscanbesaiduntil

Asforthevalidityofoneprayingwithoneshandsatonesside,theproofsofitsvaliditywill
notbementionedhere.Rather,Ihavededicatedanotherworkforthat.Itissufficientto
knowthattheclaimthatyouwillhearfrommanywithregardtothereasoningbehind
Imaam
Maalik
prayingwithhishandsathissidesbeingthathewastorturedsharesnoportionof
truth.Especiallysince,the
Imaamhimselfexpresslymentionedhispreferenceofprayingwith
hishandsathissidestohisstudentsasquotedin
AlAlAlAl----MudawwanahMudawwanahMudawwanahMudawwanah
ofImaamSahnoon.

18
one has fully memorizedAl-Faatiha. At that time, it is not
permissibleforonetoreciteanythinginitsstead.
AsforthewordsofAl-Faatiha,theyfollowbelow.
“Al“Al“Al“Al----hamdu lillaahi rab bil ‘aalameen, ar rahmaa nir raheem,hamdu lillaahi rab bil ‘aalameen, ar rahmaa nir raheem,hamdu lillaahi rab bil ‘aalameen, ar rahmaa nir raheem,hamdu lillaahi rab bil ‘aalameen, ar rahmaa nir raheem,
maalikiyomiddeen,iyyaakana’buduwaiyyaakanasta’een,ihmaalikiyomiddeen,iyyaakana’buduwaiyyaakanasta’een,ihmaalikiyomiddeen,iyyaakana’buduwaiyyaakanasta’een,ihmaalikiyomiddeen,iyyaakana’buduwaiyyaakanasta’een,ih
dinassirawtalmustaqeem,sirawtadinassirawtalmustaqeem,sirawtadinassirawtalmustaqeem,sirawtadinassirawtalmustaqeem,sirawtalladheenaan’amta‘alaihim,lladheenaan’amta‘alaihim,lladheenaan’amta‘alaihim,lladheenaan’amta‘alaihim,
ghairilmaghdoobi‘alaihimwaladdaweleen.”ghairilmaghdoobi‘alaihimwaladdaweleen.”ghairilmaghdoobi‘alaihimwaladdaweleen.”ghairilmaghdoobi‘alaihimwaladdaweleen.”
(AllpraiseisduetoAllah,Lordoftheworlds,theMostGracious,(AllpraiseisduetoAllah,Lordoftheworlds,theMostGracious,(AllpraiseisduetoAllah,Lordoftheworlds,theMostGracious,(AllpraiseisduetoAllah,Lordoftheworlds,theMostGracious,
theMostMerciful,MasteroftheDayofJudgment.YoualonedotheMostMerciful,MasteroftheDayofJudgment.YoualonedotheMostMerciful,MasteroftheDayofJudgment.YoualonedotheMostMerciful,MasteroftheDayofJudgment.Youalonedo
weworship,andfromYoualonewebeseechforaiweworship,andfromYoualonewebeseechforaiweworship,andfromYoualonewebeseechforaiweworship,andfromYoualonewebeseechforaid.Showusthed.Showusthed.Showusthed.Showusthe
straightway,thewayofthoseuponwhomyouhavebestowedyourstraightway,thewayofthoseuponwhomyouhavebestowedyourstraightway,thewayofthoseuponwhomyouhavebestowedyourstraightway,thewayofthoseuponwhomyouhavebestowedyour
grace.Notofthosewhohaveincurredyourwrath.Norofthosegrace.Notofthosewhohaveincurredyourwrath.Norofthosegrace.Notofthosewhohaveincurredyourwrath.Norofthosegrace.Notofthosewhohaveincurredyourwrath.Norofthose
whoareastray.)whoareastray.)whoareastray.)whoareastray.)
Aftersaying“WaladDawlLeen”“WaladDawlLeen”“WaladDawlLeen”“WaladDawlLeen”youshouldsay“Aameen.”“Aameen.”“Aameen.”“Aameen.”Itisa
phrasethatmeans
“OAllah!Resp“OAllah!Resp“OAllah!Resp“OAllah!Respond!”ond!”ond!”ond!” Itisrecommendedthatit
besaidinaudibly(i.e.inalowvoice).Thisisthepopularopinion
heldintheMaalikiSchool,althoughitispermissibleforonetosay
itoutload.Asfortheoneleading,theprayer,heshouldn’tsayit

19
unlessitisduringoneoftheinaudibleprayerswheretherecitation
ofAl-Faatihaisheard.
4

3333-Reciteanyadditionalshortchapter(
SurahSurahSurahSurah)oftheQur’anQur’anQur’anQur’an
one
might know. If not, the recitation of the aforementioned
glorificationwillsufficeuntilonememorizesanadditional
Surah
alongside
Al-Faatiha.M
4444-Aftercompletingthe
Surahorglorification(dhikr),onemust
bow
(rukoo’
)whileplacingthepalmsofthehandsontheknees.
Onescountenanceshouldbepointedtotheground,andtheback
shouldbestraight.Inplainerterms,thebodyshouldbeshaped
likeaninverted“L”.Oneshouldsaywhilebowing
“Subhaanarab“Subhaanarab“Subhaanarab“Subhaanarab
bilaZeemwabihamdih”bilaZeemwabihamdih”bilaZeemwabihamdih”bilaZeemwabihamdih”
(GloryandPraisebetomyLord,The(GloryandPraisebetomyLord,The(GloryandPraisebetomyLord,The(GloryandPraisebetomyLord,The
Magnificent),Magnificent),Magnificent),Magnificent),althoughanyotherglorificationwouldsuffice.
5555-Returntothestandingposition
.Onthewayupfrombowing
(rukoo’), one should say“Sami Allahu liman hamidah”“Sami Allahu liman hamidah”“Sami Allahu liman hamidah”“Sami Allahu liman hamidah” (Allah(Allah(Allah(Allah
hears the one who praises Him).hears the one who praises Him).hears the one who praises Him).hears the one who praises Him). This is said if one is praying
alone, or is leading someone else in prayer. However, if one is
followingsomeoneelsethisshouldnotbesaid.Thatis,onlythe

4
ItisalsopermittedfortheImamtosay“Aameen”outloud,sincethereexistssoundhadiths
thatmentiontheProphet(pbuh)ashavingsaid“Aameen”untilthoseintherowbehindhim
couldhearhimsayit.AaboveopinionisthestandardviewtakenbyMaalikis.

20
oneleadingshouldsaythis.Whenprayingaloneoneshouldsayin
addition to the previous statement
“Rabbanaawalakal“Rabbanaawalakal“Rabbanaawalakal“Rabbanaawalakalhamd”hamd”hamd”hamd”
(OurLord!AndforYouisallpraise).(OurLord!AndforYouisallpraise).(OurLord!AndforYouisallpraise).(OurLord!AndforYouisallpraise).Iffollowingsomeoneelsein
prayer, one should only say the latter statement after the one
leading
(imaam) says the former, just as the latter statement
shouldn’t be said if one is leading someone else in prayer.
Meaning, that one should limit oneself to saying
“SamiAllahu“SamiAllahu“SamiAllahu“SamiAllahu
limanhamidah”.limanhamidah”.limanhamidah”.limanhamidah”.

6666-Fallprostratetotheground
.Onesforeheadandnoseshould
touchtheground.Thehandsshouldbeparallelwiththeearswith
the fingers pointing in a forward direction (i.e. the direction of
prayer).Whenmovingfromthestandingpositionintoprostration,
oneshandsshouldtouchthegroundbeforetheknees.Thetoesof
the feet should be pointing in the forward direction while
prostratingalso.Notbackwardinthewesterlydirection.Thearms
ofthemaleshouldbeoutspreadasifonehadwingswithelbows
bentinawaysuchthattheirarmstaketheshapeoftwosquares,
oneonbothsidesofthebody.
5
Thefeetshouldhaveasmallgap

5
Ofcourse,thisisifoneisabletodoso.Ifoneisinatightrankwithotherpeopleitisnotan
obligationtofulfillthisrecommendedact.Especiallysince,itwouldcauseunnecessary
comfortforonesfellowbrothersandsisters,anditwoulddistracttheminawaythatone

21
between them, and the knees should not be too close to the
abdominalarea.
As for the female, it should be the opposite. Thatis, the arms
shouldnotbeextended.Rather,theyshouldbeconstrictedandat
hersides.Thefeetshouldbetogether.
Itshouldbesaidwhileprostrating,
“Subhaanakarabbeeinnee“Subhaanakarabbeeinnee“Subhaanakarabbeeinnee“Subhaanakarabbeeinnee
zalamtunafseewazalamtunafseewazalamtunafseewazalamtunafseewa
‘amiltusooanfaghfirlee”‘amiltusooanfaghfirlee”‘amiltusooanfaghfirlee”‘amiltusooanfaghfirlee”(GlorytoYou,My(GlorytoYou,My(GlorytoYou,My(GlorytoYou,My
Lord!Ihavesurelywrongedmysoulanddoneevil,soforgLord!Ihavesurelywrongedmysoulanddoneevil,soforgLord!Ihavesurelywrongedmysoulanddoneevil,soforgLord!Ihavesurelywrongedmysoulanddoneevil,soforgiveme).iveme).iveme).iveme).
Anyotherglorificationwilldoalso.
7777 - Remove head and hands from floor, and assume asitting
posture.Thepalmsofthehandsshouldrestonthethighs,andthe
feetshouldbepositionedinawaythattherightfootisproppedup
(toespointinginthedirectionofprayer)andtheleftfootshould
be bent underneath ones bottom. The left buttock should be
restingonthefloor.
Thisisaslongasoneisabletodoso.Thismightnotbepossible
when one is praying with others in a tight rank. Here, one can
simplyfoldonesleftfootunderneathhis/herleftbuttockresting

wouldnotbeabletofocusinprayer.Thismightcausefrictionbetweenoneanotherand
violatethesenseofbrotherhoodthatiscompulsoryuponallMuslims.So,oneshouldbe
carefulnottoabandonanobligationinordertoperformsomethingthatisnotthus.

22
theposterioruponit.Ifitistoocrowdedonemaysitinawaymost
suitabletoonescomfort.
Duringthissitting,oneshouldsay:
“Allahhummaghfirleewar“Allahhummaghfirleewar“Allahhummaghfirleewar“Allahhummaghfirleewar
hamneewa‘aafinhamneewa‘aafinhamneewa‘aafinhamneewa‘aafineeeeeeee
wa’fu‘annee”wa’fu‘annee”wa’fu‘annee”wa’fu‘annee” (O Allah! Forgive me, have(O Allah! Forgive me, have(O Allah! Forgive me, have(O Allah! Forgive me, have
mercyuponme,cureme,andpardonme).mercyuponme,cureme,andpardonme).mercyuponme,cureme,andpardonme).mercyuponme,cureme,andpardonme).However,anyother
formofglorificationwillbesufficient.
8888-Aftersittingafterthefirstprostration,oneprostratesasecond
timeinthesamemannerashe/shedidthefirsttimewhilesaying
thesameglorification/supplication.Step1tohere(step8i.e.end
of second prostration) is considered to be what isknown as a
complete
rak’atrak’atrak’atrak’atorunitofprayer.Aprayermaybecomprisedof1,
2,3,or4units
(rak’aat).(rak’aat).(rak’aat).(rak’aat).
9999-Returntostandingposition
,andrepeatthesamesequenceof
actionspreviouslymentioned.
10101010-Insteadofstandingafterthesecondprostration,thistimeone
sitstorecitewhatisknownasthetashahhudtashahhudtashahhudtashahhud(testimonialprayer).
Itswordsareasfollows:
“At tahiyyaatu lil laa hiz zaakiyaatu lil laa hit tayyibaatus“At tahiyyaatu lil laa hiz zaakiyaatu lil laa hit tayyibaatus“At tahiyyaatu lil laa hiz zaakiyaatu lil laa hit tayyibaatus“At tahiyyaatu lil laa hiz zaakiyaatu lil laa hit tayyibaatus
salawaatulillaa.Assalaamu‘alaikaaiyuhannabiyyuwarahmatsalawaatulillaa.Assalaamu‘alaikaaiyuhannabiyyuwarahmatsalawaatulillaa.Assalaamu‘alaikaaiyuhannabiyyuwarahmatsalawaatulillaa.Assalaamu‘alaikaaiyuhannabiyyuwarahmat
Allahiwabarakaatu.Assalaamu‘alainaawa‘alaa‘ibaadillaahisAllahiwabarakaatu.Assalaamu‘alainaawa‘alaa‘ibaadillaahisAllahiwabarakaatu.Assalaamu‘alainaawa‘alaa‘ibaadillaahisAllahiwabarakaatu.Assalaamu‘alainaawa‘alaa‘ibaadillaahis

23
saaliheen.Ashhadu allaailaahailAllah.Waashhaduannasaaliheen.Ashhadu allaailaahailAllah.Waashhaduannasaaliheen.Ashhadu allaailaahailAllah.Waashhaduannasaaliheen.Ashhadu allaailaahailAllah.Waashhaduanna
Muhammadan‘abduhuwarasooluh.”Muhammadan‘abduhuwarasooluh.”Muhammadan‘abduhuwarasooluh.”Muhammadan‘abduhuwarasooluh.”
(Allsalutationsarefor(Allsalutationsarefor(Allsalutationsarefor(AllsalutationsareforAllahAllahAllahAllah.Allpurethingsarefor.Allpurethingsarefor.Allpurethingsarefor.AllpurethingsareforAllahAllahAllahAllah.All.All.All.All
goodthingsareforgoodthingsareforgoodthingsareforgoodthingsarefor
AllahAllahAllahAllah.Peacebeuponyou,OProphet!And.Peacebeuponyou,OProphet!And.Peacebeuponyou,OProphet!And.Peacebeuponyou,OProphet!And
Allah’Allah’Allah’Allah’smercyandblessings.Peacebeuponus,anduponsmercyandblessings.Peacebeuponus,anduponsmercyandblessings.Peacebeuponus,anduponsmercyandblessings.Peacebeuponus,anduponAllah’sAllah’sAllah’sAllah’s
righteousslaves.Itestifytrighteousslaves.Itestifytrighteousslaves.Itestifytrighteousslaves.Itestifythatthereisnodeityotherthanhatthereisnodeityotherthanhatthereisnodeityotherthanhatthereisnodeityotherthan
AllahAllahAllahAllah....
AndItestifythatAndItestifythatAndItestifythatAndItestifythat
MuhammadMuhammadMuhammadMuhammadisHisslaveandHismessenger.)isHisslaveandHismessenger.)isHisslaveandHismessenger.)isHisslaveandHismessenger.)
11111111-Iftheprayerbeingperformedisonethatconsistsofonlytwo
units(
rak’aat),onemayaddanyadditionalsupplicationsafterthe
tashahhud;justasitispermissibletoconfinetheonesfinalprayer
totheaforementioned
tashahhud,thenproceedtoexittheprayer.
The way to do this is to say the words
“As“As“As“As----Salaamu‘alaikum”Salaamu‘alaikum”Salaamu‘alaikum”Salaamu‘alaikum”
(Peace be unto all(Peace be unto all(Peace be unto all(Peace be unto all of you)of you)of you)of you) while turning the head to the right
shoulder,themeasureofapproximatelya45degreeangle.

[*[*[*[*NoteNoteNoteNote
:Ifoneisbeingleadinprayer,his/orherdeparturefromit:Ifoneisbeingleadinprayer,his/orherdeparturefromit:Ifoneisbeingleadinprayer,his/orherdeparturefromit:Ifoneisbeingleadinprayer,his/orherdeparturefromit
would differ from that of the one leading. As for thewould differ from that of the one leading. As for thewould differ from that of the one leading. As for thewould differ from that of the one leading. As for the
ImaamImaamImaamImaam
(leader),heexitstheprayerbyturninghisheadtotherightand(leader),heexitstheprayerbyturninghisheadtotherightand(leader),heexitstheprayerbyturninghisheadtotherightand(leader),heexitstheprayerbyturninghisheadtotherightand
sayingsayingsayingsaying
“As“As“As“As----SalSalSalSalaamu‘alaikum”.aamu‘alaikum”.aamu‘alaikum”.aamu‘alaikum”.Asforthefollower,heorsheistoAsforthefollower,heorsheistoAsforthefollower,heorsheistoAsforthefollower,heorsheisto
give salaams (i.e. saygive salaams (i.e. saygive salaams (i.e. saygive salaams (i.e. say
“as“as“as“as----salaamu‘alaikum”)salaamu‘alaikum”)salaamu‘alaikum”)salaamu‘alaikum”) once to the right,once to the right,once to the right,once to the right,

24
oncetotheoncetotheoncetotheoncetotheImaamImaamImaamImaaminfromofhim/her,andoncetothepersononinfromofhim/her,andoncetothepersononinfromofhim/her,andoncetothepersononinfromofhim/her,andoncetothepersonon
onesleftsideifthereisone.]onesleftsideifthereisone.]onesleftsideifthereisone.]onesleftsideifthereisone.]

However,iftheprayerhappenstoconsistofmorethantwounits,
one stands, after the completion of the first
tashahhud, for the
third
rak’at(unit)orfourthiftheprayerconsistsoffourunits.If
the prayer is one unit, one obviously remains seated after
completingthesecondprostration,thenexitsfromthepraywith
the
tasleemahtasleemahtasleemahtasleemah(i.e.tosayas-salaamu‘alaikum).
When the prayer exceeding two units is an audible prayer, the
consecutiveunit/unitsaresaidsilently.
Uponcompletingthefinalunit
(rak’at)oftheprayerexceeding
two units, one sits again to recite the
tashahhud, and any
additionalsupplicationsendingpraisesandsalutationsuponthe
Prophet–peacebeuponhim-beforeexitingtheprayerinthe
customary fashion. However, it is recommended to say the
followingafterrecitingthe
tashahhud:
“waashhaduannalladheejaa“waashhaduannalladheejaa“waashhaduannalladheejaa“waashhaduannalladheejaa----abiheeMuhammadunhaqqun,waabiheeMuhammadunhaqqun,waabiheeMuhammadunhaqqun,waabiheeMuhammadunhaqqun,wa
annaljannatahaqqunwaannannaarahaqqun,waannassaa’ataannaljannatahaqqunwaannannaarahaqqun,waannassaa’ataannaljannatahaqqunwaannannaarahaqqun,waannassaa’ataannaljannatahaqqunwaannannaarahaqqun,waannassaa’ata
aatiyatunlaaraibafeehaawaanAllahayab’athumanfilqaboor.aatiyatunlaaraibafeehaawaanAllahayab’athumanfilqaboor.aatiyatunlaaraibafeehaawaanAllahayab’athumanfilqaboor.aatiyatunlaaraibafeehaawaanAllahayab’athumanfilqaboor.
Allahummasalli‘alaaMuhammadinwa‘alaaaAllahummasalli‘alaaMuhammadinwa‘alaaaAllahummasalli‘alaaMuhammadinwa‘alaaaAllahummasalli‘alaaMuhammadinwa‘alaaaaliMuhammadin,aliMuhammadin,aliMuhammadin,aliMuhammadin,

25
kamaasallaita‘alaaIbraaheemwa‘alaaaaliIbraaheem,wabaarikkamaasallaita‘alaaIbraaheemwa‘alaaaaliIbraaheem,wabaarikkamaasallaita‘alaaIbraaheemwa‘alaaaaliIbraaheem,wabaarikkamaasallaita‘alaaIbraaheemwa‘alaaaaliIbraaheem,wabaarik
‘alaaMuhammadinwa‘alaaaaliMuhammadin,kamaabaarakta‘alaaMuhammadinwa‘alaaaaliMuhammadin,kamaabaarakta‘alaaMuhammadinwa‘alaaaaliMuhammadin,kamaabaarakta‘alaaMuhammadinwa‘alaaaaliMuhammadin,kamaabaarakta
‘alaaIbraaheemwa‘alaaaaliIbraaheem,fil‘aalameen,innaka‘alaaIbraaheemwa‘alaaaaliIbraaheem,fil‘aalameen,innaka‘alaaIbraaheemwa‘alaaaaliIbraaheem,fil‘aalameen,innaka‘alaaIbraaheemwa‘alaaaaliIbraaheem,fil‘aalameen,innaka
HameedunMajeed.”HameedunMajeed.”HameedunMajeed.”HameedunMajeed.”
(AndItestifythatwhat(AndItestifythatwhat(AndItestifythatwhat(AndItestifythatwhatMuhammadMuhammadMuhammadMuhammadccccamewithistrue,andthatamewithistrue,andthatamewithistrue,andthatamewithistrue,andthat
Paradise/Heavenistrue,andHellistrue,andtheHouriscomingParadise/Heavenistrue,andHellistrue,andtheHouriscomingParadise/Heavenistrue,andHellistrue,andtheHouriscomingParadise/Heavenistrue,andHellistrue,andtheHouriscoming
––––there’snodoubtaboutit,andthatthere’snodoubtaboutit,andthatthere’snodoubtaboutit,andthatthere’snodoubtaboutit,andthat
AllahAllahAllahAllahwillraisethosewhoarewillraisethosewhoarewillraisethosewhoarewillraisethosewhoare
inthegraves.Ointhegraves.Ointhegraves.Ointhegraves.O
AllahAllahAllahAllah!Sendprayersupon!Sendprayersupon!Sendprayersupon!SendprayersuponMuhammadMuhammadMuhammadMuhammad,andonthe,andonthe,andonthe,andonthe
familyoffamilyoffamilyoffamilyof
Muhammad,Muhammad,Muhammad,Muhammad,justasyoujustasyoujustasyoujustasyousentprayersuponAbrahamandsentprayersuponAbrahamandsentprayersuponAbrahamandsentprayersuponAbrahamand
onthefamilyofAbraham.AndblessonthefamilyofAbraham.AndblessonthefamilyofAbraham.AndblessonthefamilyofAbraham.Andbless
MuhammadMuhammadMuhammadMuhammadandthefamilyandthefamilyandthefamilyandthefamily
ofofofof
Muhammad,Muhammad,Muhammad,Muhammad, like you blessed Abraham and the family oflike you blessed Abraham and the family oflike you blessed Abraham and the family oflike you blessed Abraham and the family of
Abraham. With all the creation you are Worthy of Praise,Abraham. With all the creation you are Worthy of Praise,Abraham. With all the creation you are Worthy of Praise,Abraham. With all the creation you are Worthy of Praise,
Magnanimous.)Magnanimous.)Magnanimous.)Magnanimous.)

Or,

“Allahummasalli‘alaaMuhammad“Allahummasalli‘alaaMuhammad“Allahummasalli‘alaaMuhammad“Allahummasalli‘alaaMuhammadinwa‘alaaaaliMuhammadin,inwa‘alaaaaliMuhammadin,inwa‘alaaaaliMuhammadin,inwa‘alaaaaliMuhammadin,
warhamMuhammadanwaaalaMuhammadin,wabaarik‘alaawarhamMuhammadanwaaalaMuhammadin,wabaarik‘alaawarhamMuhammadanwaaalaMuhammadin,wabaarik‘alaawarhamMuhammadanwaaalaMuhammadin,wabaarik‘alaa
Muhammadin wa ‘alaa aali Muhammadin, kamaa sallaita waMuhammadin wa ‘alaa aali Muhammadin, kamaa sallaita waMuhammadin wa ‘alaa aali Muhammadin, kamaa sallaita waMuhammadin wa ‘alaa aali Muhammadin, kamaa sallaita wa
rahimtawabaarakta‘alaaIbraaheemwa‘alaaaaliIbraaheemfilrahimtawabaarakta‘alaaIbraaheemwa‘alaaaaliIbraaheemfilrahimtawabaarakta‘alaaIbraaheemwa‘alaaaaliIbraaheemfilrahimtawabaarakta‘alaaIbraaheemwa‘alaaaaliIbraaheemfil
‘aalameeninnakaHameedunMajeed.‘aalameeninnakaHameedunMajeed.‘aalameeninnakaHameedunMajeed.‘aalameeninnakaHameedunMajeed.

26
AllahummasalliAllahummasalliAllahummasalliAllahummasalli ‘alaa malaa‘alaa malaa‘alaa malaa‘alaa malaa----ikatikawal muqarrabeenwa‘alaaikatikawal muqarrabeenwa‘alaaikatikawal muqarrabeenwa‘alaaikatikawal muqarrabeenwa‘alaa
anbiyaaanbiyaaanbiyaaanbiyaa----ikawalmursaleenwa‘alaaahlitaa’atikaajma’een.ikawalmursaleenwa‘alaaahlitaa’atikaajma’een.ikawalmursaleenwa‘alaaahlitaa’atikaajma’een.ikawalmursaleenwa‘alaaahlitaa’atikaajma’een.
AllahummaghfirleewaliwaalidayyawaliaAllahummaghfirleewaliwaalidayyawaliaAllahummaghfirleewaliwaalidayyawaliaAllahummaghfirleewaliwaalidayyawalia----immatinaawalimanimmatinaawalimanimmatinaawalimanimmatinaawaliman
sabaqanaafileemaanmaghfiratan‘azmah.sabaqanaafileemaanmaghfiratan‘azmah.sabaqanaafileemaanmaghfiratan‘azmah.sabaqanaafileemaanmaghfiratan‘azmah.
Allahumma innee as aluka min kulli khairin sAllahumma innee as aluka min kulli khairin sAllahumma innee as aluka min kulli khairin sAllahumma innee as aluka min kulli khairin sa alaka minhua alaka minhua alaka minhua alaka minhu
Muhammadun nabiyyuk, wa a’oodhu bika min kulli sharrin saMuhammadun nabiyyuk, wa a’oodhu bika min kulli sharrin saMuhammadun nabiyyuk, wa a’oodhu bika min kulli sharrin saMuhammadun nabiyyuk, wa a’oodhu bika min kulli sharrin sa
alakaminhuMuhammadunnabiyyuk.alakaminhuMuhammadunnabiyyuk.alakaminhuMuhammadunnabiyyuk.alakaminhuMuhammadunnabiyyuk.
AllahummaghfirlanaamaaqaddamnaawamaaakhkharnaawaAllahummaghfirlanaamaaqaddamnaawamaaakhkharnaawaAllahummaghfirlanaamaaqaddamnaawamaaakhkharnaawaAllahummaghfirlanaamaaqaddamnaawamaaakhkharnaawa
maa‘aalannaawamaaasrarnaawamaaanta‘aalamubihiminnaa.maa‘aalannaawamaaasrarnaawamaaanta‘aalamubihiminnaa.maa‘aalannaawamaaasrarnaawamaaanta‘aalamubihiminnaa.maa‘aalannaawamaaasrarnaawamaaanta‘aalamubihiminnaa.
RabbanaaaatinaafiddunyaaRabbanaaaatinaafiddunyaaRabbanaaaatinaafiddunyaaRabbanaaaatinaafiddunyaahasanahwafilaakhiratihasanahwahasanahwafilaakhiratihasanahwahasanahwafilaakhiratihasanahwahasanahwafilaakhiratihasanahwa
qinaa‘adhaabannaar.qinaa‘adhaabannaar.qinaa‘adhaabannaar.qinaa‘adhaabannaar.
Waa’oodhubikaminfitnatilmahyaawalmamaat,wafitnatilWaa’oodhubikaminfitnatilmahyaawalmamaat,wafitnatilWaa’oodhubikaminfitnatilmahyaawalmamaat,wafitnatilWaa’oodhubikaminfitnatilmahyaawalmamaat,wafitnatil
‘adhaabilqabrwafitnatilmaseehiddajjaalwamin‘adhaabinnaar‘adhaabilqabrwafitnatilmaseehiddajjaalwamin‘adhaabinnaar‘adhaabilqabrwafitnatilmaseehiddajjaalwamin‘adhaabinnaar‘adhaabilqabrwafitnatilmaseehiddajjaalwamin‘adhaabinnaar
wasooilmaseer.wasooilmaseer.wasooilmaseer.wasooilmaseer.
As salaamu ‘alaika ayyuhan nabiyyu wa rahmat AllaAs salaamu ‘alaika ayyuhan nabiyyu wa rahmat AllaAs salaamu ‘alaika ayyuhan nabiyyu wa rahmat AllaAs salaamu ‘alaika ayyuhan nabiyyu wa rahmat Allahi wahi wahi wahi wa
barakaatu,wassalaamu‘alainaawa‘alaa‘ibaadillaahissaaliheen.”barakaatu,wassalaamu‘alainaawa‘alaa‘ibaadillaahissaaliheen.”barakaatu,wassalaamu‘alainaawa‘alaa‘ibaadillaahissaaliheen.”barakaatu,wassalaamu‘alainaawa‘alaa‘ibaadillaahissaaliheen.”

(O(O(O(O
Allah!Allah!Allah!Allah!SendprayersuponSendprayersuponSendprayersuponSendprayersuponMuhammadMuhammadMuhammadMuhammadandtheonthefamilyofandtheonthefamilyofandtheonthefamilyofandtheonthefamilyof
MuhammadMuhammadMuhammadMuhammad.Havemercyupon.Havemercyupon.Havemercyupon.HavemercyuponMuhammadMuhammadMuhammadMuhammadandonthefamilyofandonthefamilyofandonthefamilyofandonthefamilyof
Muhammad.Muhammad.Muhammad.Muhammad.BlessBlessBlessBlessMuhammadMuhammadMuhammadMuhammadandthefamilyofandthefamilyofandthefamilyofandthefamilyofMuhammad,Muhammad,Muhammad,Muhammad,likelikelikelike
youyouyouyou sent prayers, showed mercy, and blessed Abraham and thesent prayers, showed mercy, and blessed Abraham and thesent prayers, showed mercy, and blessed Abraham and thesent prayers, showed mercy, and blessed Abraham and the

27
family of Abraham. With all the creation you are Worthy offamily of Abraham. With all the creation you are Worthy offamily of Abraham. With all the creation you are Worthy offamily of Abraham. With all the creation you are Worthy of
Praise,Magnanimous.Praise,Magnanimous.Praise,Magnanimous.Praise,Magnanimous.
OOOO
Allah!Allah!Allah!Allah!Sendprayersuponyourangelsandthosedrawnnear(toSendprayersuponyourangelsandthosedrawnnear(toSendprayersuponyourangelsandthosedrawnnear(toSendprayersuponyourangelsandthosedrawnnear(to
you),andonyourprophetsandthosesent,andonalltyou),andonyourprophetsandthosesent,andonalltyou),andonyourprophetsandthosesent,andonalltyou),andonyourprophetsandthosesent,andonallthepeoplehepeoplehepeoplehepeople
whoconstantlyobeyyou.whoconstantlyobeyyou.whoconstantlyobeyyou.whoconstantlyobeyyou.
OOOO
Allah!Allah!Allah!Allah! Forgive me, my parents, our leaders, and all whoForgive me, my parents, our leaders, and all whoForgive me, my parents, our leaders, and all whoForgive me, my parents, our leaders, and all who
precededusinfaithapardonresolved.precededusinfaithapardonresolved.precededusinfaithapardonresolved.precededusinfaithapardonresolved.
OOOO
Allah!Allah!Allah!Allah!IaskofyouallgoodthatIaskofyouallgoodthatIaskofyouallgoodthatIaskofyouallgoodthatMuhammadMuhammadMuhammadMuhammadaskedofYou,andaskedofYou,andaskedofYou,andaskedofYou,and
ItakerefugewithyoufromallevilItakerefugewithyoufromallevilItakerefugewithyoufromallevilItakerefugewithyoufromallevil
MuhammadMuhammadMuhammadMuhammadtookrefugetookrefugetookrefugetookrefugewithwithwithwith
Youfromit.Youfromit.Youfromit.Youfromit.
OOOO
Allah!Allah!Allah!Allah! Forgive us what we have set forth, what have not yetForgive us what we have set forth, what have not yetForgive us what we have set forth, what have not yetForgive us what we have set forth, what have not yet
committed, what we have done openly, what we have donecommitted, what we have done openly, what we have donecommitted, what we have done openly, what we have donecommitted, what we have done openly, what we have done
secretly,andwhatyouaremoreacquaintedwithitthanweare.secretly,andwhatyouaremoreacquaintedwithitthanweare.secretly,andwhatyouaremoreacquaintedwithitthanweare.secretly,andwhatyouaremoreacquaintedwithitthanweare.
OurLord!Giveusgoodintheworld,andgoodintheHOurLord!Giveusgoodintheworld,andgoodintheHOurLord!Giveusgoodintheworld,andgoodintheHOurLord!Giveusgoodintheworld,andgoodintheHereafter,ereafter,ereafter,ereafter,
andshieldusfromtheFire.andshieldusfromtheFire.andshieldusfromtheFire.andshieldusfromtheFire.
AndItakerefugewithyoufromthetrialoflifeanddeath,fromAndItakerefugewithyoufromthetrialoflifeanddeath,fromAndItakerefugewithyoufromthetrialoflifeanddeath,fromAndItakerefugewithyoufromthetrialoflifeanddeath,from
thetrialofthechastisementofthegrave,thetrialoftheAntithetrialofthechastisementofthegrave,thetrialoftheAntithetrialofthechastisementofthegrave,thetrialoftheAntithetrialofthechastisementofthegrave,thetrialoftheAnti----
Christ,andfromaneviloutcome.Christ,andfromaneviloutcome.Christ,andfromaneviloutcome.Christ,andfromaneviloutcome.
ItestifythatthereisnodeityotherthanItestifythatthereisnodeityotherthanItestifythatthereisnodeityotherthanItestifythatthereisnodeityotherthan
AllahAllahAllahAllah,andItestifythat,andItestifythat,andItestifythat,andItestifythat
MuhammadMuhammadMuhammadMuhammadisHisslaveandHismessenger.)isHisslaveandHismessenger.)isHisslaveandHismessenger.)isHisslaveandHismessenger.)

28
TheObligatoryPrayers,TheirNames,andTimesTheObligatoryPrayers,TheirNames,andTimesTheObligatoryPrayers,TheirNames,andTimesTheObligatoryPrayers,TheirNames,andTimes

The obligatory prayers are five in number. Some ofthem are
performedduringthedaylighthourswhileothersareperformedat
night.Someofthemareperformedaudibly,someinaudibly,while
othersarepartlyaudible,partlyinaudible.Whatwemeanbythe
prayerbeingaudibleisfor
Al-FaatihaandthesubsequentSurahtobe recited aloud. We mean by the prayer being inaudible the
opposite.Asforitbeingpartlyaudibleandpartlyinaudible,we
mean thatAl-Faatiha and theSurahare recited aloud in some
units (rakats), and not recited aloud in others. The obligatory
prayersintheorderthattheyoccurwithina24hourperiodareas
listedbelow.

1111–
Subh:Subh:Subh:Subh:TheDawnPrayer
.KnownasFajrFajrFajrFajrinthecirclesofmost
Muslims.Fajrisaseparatevoluntaryprayerinthejurisprudence
ofthe
MalikischoolperformedbeforeSubh,althoughwithinthe
latter’stimeframe.Thattimebeingatthefirstbreakofdawnwhile
it is still dark before the sun breaks the horizon. Once the sun
breaksthroughthehorizon,thetimefor
Subhhaselapsed.Hence,

29
itisnotpermissibleforonetoperformanyprayeratthattime
untilthesunhascompletelyrisen.
6

2222–
ZZZZuhr:uhr:uhr:uhr:TheMiddayPrayer
.Thatis,afterthesunhaspassedits
midwaypassage(meridian)andbeginsitsdeclineinthewestern
portion of the sky. Its time extends until the time for the next
prayer.
3333–
‘Asr:‘Asr:‘Asr:‘Asr:TheAfternoonPrayer
.Thetimeforthisprayerextends
untilsunset,anothertimeatwhichprayersareprohibiteduntilthe
sunhascompletelyset.
4444–
Maghrib:Maghrib:Maghrib:Maghrib:TheSunsetPrayer
.Afterthesunhascompletelyset,
thisprayerbecomesobligatory.Thereisenormousemphasiswith
regard to performing this prayer as soon as its time enters. Its
meritsareachievedbyperformingitatitsearliesttime.Thelater
onewaitstoperformit,themoredisliked/undesirableitistopray
it,althoughitwouldremainonesobligationtodosoinsuchacase.
5555–
‘‘‘‘Ishaa:Ishaa:Ishaa:Ishaa:TheEveningPrayer
.Itstimebeginsatthetermination
ofthetimeforthe
Maghribprayer,andshouldbeprayedbefore

6
Thatis,atleast,ifonehasalreadyprayedSubh.Asforwhenonehasn’tprayedit,itmaybe
prayedaslongasonehasenoughtimetocompleteone
rakatofprayerbeforethesunhas
completelyrisenorset.Ifnot,onehastowaituntilthedescentorascensionofthesunin
complete.

30
thefirstthirdofthenighthaspassed,althoughitstimeextends
untilthetimeofthedawnprayer
(subh).
Forthetimesofeachprayer,oneshouldcheckwithoneofthe
localmosquestoobtainaprayerschedule,orshouldlearnhowto
determinethemforonesselfthroughattendingoneofthesessions
dealingwiththejurisprudenceofworship
(fiqhal-‘ibaadaat)that
arepresentedatthe
QubaQubaQubaQubaInstituteInstituteInstituteInstituteorwhereverelsetheymightbe
offered.

31
TheObligatoryPrayersandtheTheirNumberofUnitsTheObligatoryPrayersandtheTheirNumberofUnitsTheObligatoryPrayersandtheTheirNumberofUnitsTheObligatoryPrayersandtheTheirNumberofUnits

1111–
SubhSubhSubhSubh=2units(rak’aat).
2222–
ZuhrZuhrZuhrZuhr=4units.
3333–
‘Asr‘Asr‘Asr‘Asr=4units.
4444–
MaghribMaghribMaghribMaghrib=3units.
5555–
‘Ishaa‘Ishaa‘Ishaa‘Ishaa=4units.

[[[[NotNotNotNoteeee
:Theshortestoftheobligatoryprayersis2units.Itisarule:Theshortestoftheobligatoryprayersis2units.Itisarule:Theshortestoftheobligatoryprayersis2units.Itisarule:Theshortestoftheobligatoryprayersis2units.Itisarule
thatonemustsitafterthesecondprostrationattheendofevery2thatonemustsitafterthesecondprostrationattheendofevery2thatonemustsitafterthesecondprostrationattheendofevery2thatonemustsitafterthesecondprostrationattheendofevery2
units to recite theunits to recite theunits to recite theunits to recite the
tashahhudtashahhudtashahhudtashahhudregardless of how many units theregardless of how many units theregardless of how many units theregardless of how many units the
prayermaybe.InthecaseofMaghrib,thereisasecondprayermaybe.InthecaseofMaghrib,thereisasecondprayermaybe.InthecaseofMaghrib,thereisasecondprayermaybe.InthecaseofMaghrib,thereisasecondsittingatsittingatsittingatsittingat
theendofthethirdunit.Contrarytothecaseoftheotherprayerstheendofthethirdunit.Contrarytothecaseoftheotherprayerstheendofthethirdunit.Contrarytothecaseoftheotherprayerstheendofthethirdunit.Contrarytothecaseoftheotherprayers
wherethesecondsittingoccursattheendofthefourthunitinwherethesecondsittingoccursattheendofthefourthunitinwherethesecondsittingoccursattheendofthefourthunitinwherethesecondsittingoccursattheendofthefourthunitin
accordance with the aforementioned rule stating that there is aaccordance with the aforementioned rule stating that there is aaccordance with the aforementioned rule stating that there is aaccordance with the aforementioned rule stating that there is a
sitting for thesitting for thesitting for thesitting for the
tashahhudtashahhudtashahhudtashahhud at the termination ofat the termination ofat the termination ofat the termination of every two unitsevery two unitsevery two unitsevery two units
(rak’aat)(rak’aat)(rak’aat)(rak’aat).].].].]

32
TheAudiblePrayersandTheInaudibleTheAudiblePrayersandTheInaudibleTheAudiblePrayersandTheInaudibleTheAudiblePrayersandTheInaudible

1111–
SubhSubhSubhSubhisanaudibleprayer.Meaning,thattherecitationofthe
Al-FaatihaandanotherSurahisrecitedaloudinbothrakats.In
additiontothis,itisrecommendedthatonerecitewhatiscalled
Du’aaalDu’aaalDu’aaalDu’aaal----qunootqunootqunootqunoot oncerecitationhasbeenterminatedattheendof
the second
rak’at (unit). It is preferable to do it before one
changes to the position of bowing
(rukoo’), although it is
permissibletoreciteitafterrisingfrom
rukoo’beforemovingto
thepositionofprostration.Thewordsof
al-qunootareasfollows:

“Allahumma innaa nasta’eenuka wa nastagh firuk, wanuminu“Allahumma innaa nasta’eenuka wa nastagh firuk, wanuminu“Allahumma innaa nasta’eenuka wa nastagh firuk, wanuminu“Allahumma innaa nasta’eenuka wa nastagh firuk, wanuminu
bikawanatawakkalu‘alaik,wanakhna’ulakawanakhla’u,wabikawanatawakkalu‘alaik,wanakhna’ulakawanakhla’u,wabikawanatawakkalu‘alaik,wanakhna’ulakawanakhla’u,wabikawanatawakkalu‘alaik,wanakhna’ulakawanakhla’u,wa
natrukumanyakfuruk.natrukumanyakfuruk.natrukumanyakfuruk.natrukumanyakfuruk.
Allahumma iyyaaka na’bud, waAllahumma iyyaaka na’bud, waAllahumma iyyaaka na’bud, waAllahumma iyyaaka na’bud, wa laka nusallee wa nasjud, ilaikalaka nusallee wa nasjud, ilaikalaka nusallee wa nasjud, ilaikalaka nusallee wa nasjud, ilaika
nas’aawanahfid,narjoorahmatakawanakhaafu‘adhaabak.Innanas’aawanahfid,narjoorahmatakawanakhaafu‘adhaabak.Innanas’aawanahfid,narjoorahmatakawanakhaafu‘adhaabak.Innanas’aawanahfid,narjoorahmatakawanakhaafu‘adhaabak.Inna
‘adhaabakabilkaafireenamulhiq.”‘adhaabakabilkaafireenamulhiq.”‘adhaabakabilkaafireenamulhiq.”‘adhaabakabilkaafireenamulhiq.”

(O(O(O(OAllah!Allah!Allah!Allah!Verily,weseekyouraid,andforgiveness.WebelieveinVerily,weseekyouraid,andforgiveness.WebelieveinVerily,weseekyouraid,andforgiveness.WebelieveinVerily,weseekyouraid,andforgiveness.Webelievein
you, and depend upon you. We yield to you, and give up.you, and depend upon you. We yield to you, and give up.you, and depend upon you. We yield to you, and give up.you, and depend upon you. We yield to you, and give up. WeWeWeWe

33
renouncehewhoisungratefultoyou.Orenouncehewhoisungratefultoyou.Orenouncehewhoisungratefultoyou.Orenouncehewhoisungratefultoyou.OAllah!Allah!Allah!Allah!OnlyYoudoweOnlyYoudoweOnlyYoudoweOnlyYoudowe
worship,andtoYouweprayandprostrate.ToYouweaspire,andworship,andtoYouweprayandprostrate.ToYouweaspire,andworship,andtoYouweprayandprostrate.ToYouweaspire,andworship,andtoYouweprayandprostrate.ToYouweaspire,and
hasten(inaction).WehopeforYourmercy,andwefearYourhasten(inaction).WehopeforYourmercy,andwefearYourhasten(inaction).WehopeforYourmercy,andwefearYourhasten(inaction).WehopeforYourmercy,andwefearYour
chastisement.Verily,Yourchastisementwillovertakerejecterschastisement.Verily,Yourchastisementwillovertakerejecterschastisement.Verily,Yourchastisementwillovertakerejecterschastisement.Verily,Yourchastisementwillovertakerejectersofofofof
faith.)faith.)faith.)faith.)

*Du’aaal-Qunoot
shouldberecitedinaudibly.

2222–
ZuhrZuhrZuhrZuhristotallyinaudiblewiththeexceptionofthetakbeerstakbeerstakbeerstakbeers(i.e.
tosay
AllahuAkbarbeforeeachmotion),theconcludingsalaam,
etc.
3333 –
‘Asr‘Asr‘Asr‘Asr is also inaudible. It is exactly identical toZuhr in its
performancewiththeexceptionofcertainrecommended
surahsto
berecited.
4444–
MaghribMaghribMaghribMaghribispartlyaudible,andpartlyinaudible.Thefirsttwo
unitsareaudible.Asforthelastunit,itisinaudible.
5555–
‘Ishaa‘Ishaa‘Ishaa‘Ishaaisalsopartlyaudible,andpartlyinaudible.Thefirsttwo
unitsareaudible.Thelasttwoareinaudible.

34
PrayerinCongregationPrayerinCongregationPrayerinCongregationPrayerinCongregation

TheProphetof
Islam–mayAllahAllahAllahAllahblesshimandgranthimpeace–
placedgreatemphasisonprayerincongregationatthemosque.
Prophetictraditions
(hadiths)pointoutthesuperiorityofpraying
incongregationsomuchsothatitsrewardsareatleast25times
moremeritoriousthanonesprayeraloneinoneshome(i.e.with
regardtomen).Asforwomen,prayerintheirhomesaremore
meritorious, although there is no objection to them attending
congregational prayers at mosques as long as they observe the
proper conduct of the mosque. That is, not wearingstrong
perfumes,oranykindofclothing(e.g.tight,orsee-through)that
might distract praying men. It is exactly because of this feared
distractionthatitisdislikedforyoungattractivewomentoattend
congregational prayers with the exception of the two
recommendedholidayprayers
(Salaatal(Salaatal(Salaatal(Salaatal----‘Eedain).‘Eedain).‘Eedain).‘Eedain).
Whathasbeencustomaryfor
Muslimsistoprayallcongregational
prayersattheirearliesttimesinmosques.Thisisso,eventhoughit
ispermissibleforonetoprayuptothebeginningofthetimesfor
each respective consecutive prayer. The reason forperforming

35
prayersattheirearliesttimesisinlightoftheprophetictraditions
mentioningthatprayersperformedthusaremostmeritorious.
Inthe
Maalikischoolofjurisprudencethisisthecasewithregard
to both the dawn
(Subh) and sunset(Maghrib) prayers. That is
thattheyshouldbeprayedassoonastheirtimesenterregardless
ofwhetherornotacongregationhasformed.Ifonehappenstogo
to the mosque after that and finds a congregation being
performed, one should repeat the prayer in congregation. This
goes for all prayers with the exception of
Maghrib, which one
shouldnotrepeatincongregationifonehasalreadyperformedit
alone.
As for
Zuhrand‘Asr prayers, it is better to delay them if one
knowsthatthecongregationwillbeperformingthemlaterthan
thetimethattheyenter.Ifthereisnocongregation,itisbetterto
praythemattheirearliesttimesalone.
Inthecaseof
‘Ishaa,itisbettertodelayitsperformanceuntilthe
lastportionofthefirstthirdofthenightforthosewhoareableto
doso.Thenightbeginsatsunset.

Inadditiontowhathasbeenmentionedabove,itisrecommended
for someone from the praying congregation to recite the “First

36
CalltoPrayer”(Al(Al(Al(Al----Adhaan)Adhaan)Adhaan)Adhaan)oncethetimeforprayerhasentered.
The purpose of it is to indicate that the time forprayer has
entered,aswellastocallotherstothe
masjidinordertopray.
Then,immediatelybeforebeginningtheprayeroneshouldrecite
the “Second Call to Prayer”
(Al(Al(Al(Al----Iqaamah).Iqaamah).Iqaamah).Iqaamah).The words ofalalalal----
iqaamahiqaamahiqaamahiqaamah
havealreadybeenmentionedabove.Asforalalalal----adhadhadhadhaanaanaanaan,its
wordingisasfollows.
(AllahuAkbar,AllahuAkbar,ashhaduallaailaahaillAllah,ash(AllahuAkbar,AllahuAkbar,ashhaduallaailaahaillAllah,ash(AllahuAkbar,AllahuAkbar,ashhaduallaailaahaillAllah,ash(AllahuAkbar,AllahuAkbar,ashhaduallaailaahaillAllah,ash
haduallaailaahaillAllah,ashhaduannaMuhammadanrasoolhaduallaailaahaillAllah,ashhaduannaMuhammadanrasoolhaduallaailaahaillAllah,ashhaduannaMuhammadanrasoolhaduallaailaahaillAllah,ashhaduannaMuhammadanrasool
Allah, ash hadu anna Muhammadan rasool Allah, Hayya ‘alasAllah, ash hadu anna Muhammadan rasool Allah, Hayya ‘alasAllah, ash hadu anna Muhammadan rasool Allah, Hayya ‘alasAllah, ash hadu anna Muhammadan rasool Allah, Hayya ‘alas
Salaah,Hayya‘alasSalaah,Hayya‘alaSalaah,Hayya‘alasSalaah,Hayya‘alaSalaah,Hayya‘alasSalaah,Hayya‘alaSalaah,Hayya‘alasSalaah,Hayya‘alalFalaah,Hayya‘alalFalaah,lFalaah,Hayya‘alalFalaah,lFalaah,Hayya‘alalFalaah,lFalaah,Hayya‘alalFalaah,
AllahuAkbar,AllahuAkbar,laailaahaillAllah.)AllahuAkbar,AllahuAkbar,laailaahaillAllah.)AllahuAkbar,AllahuAkbar,laailaahaillAllah.)AllahuAkbar,AllahuAkbar,laailaahaillAllah.)
((((AllahAllahAllahAllahisGreater.isGreater.isGreater.isGreater.AllahAllahAllahAllahisGreater.IbearwitnessthatthereisnoisGreater.IbearwitnessthatthereisnoisGreater.IbearwitnessthatthereisnoisGreater.Ibearwitnessthatthereisno
godbutgodbutgodbutgodbut
AllahAllahAllahAllah.Ibearwitnessthatthereisnogodbut.Ibearwitnessthatthereisnogodbut.Ibearwitnessthatthereisnogodbut.IbearwitnessthatthereisnogodbutAllahAllahAllahAllah.Ibear.Ibear.Ibear.Ibear
witnessthatMuhammadistheMessengewitnessthatMuhammadistheMessengewitnessthatMuhammadistheMessengewitnessthatMuhammadistheMessengerofrofrofrof
AllahAllahAllahAllah.Ibearwitness.Ibearwitness.Ibearwitness.Ibearwitness
that Muhammad is the Messenger ofthat Muhammad is the Messenger ofthat Muhammad is the Messenger ofthat Muhammad is the Messenger of
Allah.Allah.Allah.Allah. Hasten to Prayer.Hasten to Prayer.Hasten to Prayer.Hasten to Prayer.
Hasten to Prayer. Hasten to Prosperity. Hasten to Prosperity.Hasten to Prayer. Hasten to Prosperity. Hasten to Prosperity.Hasten to Prayer. Hasten to Prosperity. Hasten to Prosperity.Hasten to Prayer. Hasten to Prosperity. Hasten to Prosperity.
AllahAllahAllahAllahisGreater.isGreater.isGreater.isGreater.AllahAllahAllahAllahisGreater.ThereisnogodbutisGreater.ThereisnogodbutisGreater.ThereisnogodbutisGreater.ThereisnogodbutAllah.)Allah.)Allah.)Allah.)

Iftheprayerbeingperformedisthedawnprayer(Subh),oneadds
after saying
“Hayya‘alalFalaah”“Hayya‘alalFalaah”“Hayya‘alalFalaah”“Hayya‘alalFalaah” the second time:“AsSalaatu“AsSalaatu“AsSalaatu“AsSalaatu

37
khairunminannawm,AsSalaatukhairunminannawm.”khairunminannawm,AsSalaatukhairunminannawm.”khairunminannawm,AsSalaatukhairunminannawm.”khairunminannawm,AsSalaatukhairunminannawm.” Then,
onecompletes
al-adhaanasmentionedabove.
Itisheldby
Maalikijuriststhatoneshouldrepeatthewords:““““ashashashash
haduallaailaahillAllah,ashhaduallaailaahaillAllah,ashhaduhaduallaailaahillAllah,ashhaduallaailaahaillAllah,ashhaduhaduallaailaahillAllah,ashhaduallaailaahaillAllah,ashhaduhaduallaailaahillAllah,ashhaduallaailaahaillAllah,ashhadu
annaMuhammadanrasoolAllah,ashhaduannaMuhammadanannaMuhammadanrasoolAllah,ashhaduannaMuhammadanannaMuhammadanrasoolAllah,ashhaduannaMuhammadanannaMuhammadanrasoolAllah,ashhaduannaMuhammadan
rasoolAllah”rasoolAllah”rasoolAllah”rasoolAllah”
twice.The first timeshould besaid in a very low
voice.Thesecondtimeitshouldberecitedinahighvoice.
[[[[NoteNoteNoteNote
1:Oneisobligatedtofollowthe1:Oneisobligatedtofollowthe1:Oneisobligatedtofollowthe1:OneisobligatedtofollowtheImaamImaamImaamImaam(leaderofprayer)in(leaderofprayer)in(leaderofprayer)in(leaderofprayer)in
allmovementsoftheprayertotheextentthatonedoesnotmakeallmovementsoftheprayertotheextentthatonedoesnotmakeallmovementsoftheprayertotheextentthatonedoesnotmakeallmovementsoftheprayertotheextentthatonedoesnotmake
anymotionbeforetheanymotionbeforetheanymotionbeforetheanymotionbeforethe
ImaamImaamImaamImaam.Intheaudibleprayersoneshould.Intheaudibleprayersoneshould.Intheaudibleprayersoneshould.Intheaudibleprayersoneshould
not recite along with thenot recite along with thenot recite along with thenot recite along with the
ImaamImaamImaamImaam in thosein thosein thosein thoserakatsrakatsrakatsrakats that he recithat he recithat he recithat he recitestestestes
audibly. One should merely listen and be attentiveto hisaudibly. One should merely listen and be attentiveto hisaudibly. One should merely listen and be attentiveto hisaudibly. One should merely listen and be attentiveto his
recitation.However,oneshouldreciteinallrecitation.However,oneshouldreciteinallrecitation.However,oneshouldreciteinallrecitation.However,oneshouldreciteinall
rakatsrakatsrakatsrakatsthatthethatthethatthethattheImaamImaamImaamImaam
recitesinaudibly,althoughitwouldnotbeanobligationtodoso.recitesinaudibly,althoughitwouldnotbeanobligationtodoso.recitesinaudibly,althoughitwouldnotbeanobligationtodoso.recitesinaudibly,althoughitwouldnotbeanobligationtodoso.
NoteNoteNoteNote
2:Womenarenotallowedtoleadotherwomeninpray2:Womenarenotallowedtoleadotherwomeninpray2:Womenarenotallowedtoleadotherwomeninpray2:Womenarenotallowedtoleadotherwomeninprayer.er.er.er.
Noraretheyallowedtoleadmeninprayer.TheprayerofonewhoNoraretheyallowedtoleadmeninprayer.TheprayerofonewhoNoraretheyallowedtoleadmeninprayer.TheprayerofonewhoNoraretheyallowedtoleadmeninprayer.Theprayerofonewho
praysbehindtheleadershipofawomanisinvalidintheschoolofpraysbehindtheleadershipofawomanisinvalidintheschoolofpraysbehindtheleadershipofawomanisinvalidintheschoolofpraysbehindtheleadershipofawomanisinvalidintheschoolof
ImaamMaalikImaamMaalikImaamMaalikImaamMaalik.Itmustbeprayedover..Itmustbeprayedover..Itmustbeprayedover..Itmustbeprayedover.
NoteNoteNoteNote
3:TheFridayCongregationalPrayer(3:TheFridayCongregationalPrayer(3:TheFridayCongregationalPrayer(3:TheFridayCongregationalPrayer(SalaatulSalaatulSalaatulSalaatul----Jumu’ahJumu’ahJumu’ahJumu’ah )is)is)is)is
anotheroneofthanotheroneofthanotheroneofthanotheroneoftheprayersthatisespeciallycompulsoryformentoeprayersthatisespeciallycompulsoryformentoeprayersthatisespeciallycompulsoryformentoeprayersthatisespeciallycompulsoryformento
perform, although women may also attend. The prayer isperform, although women may also attend. The prayer isperform, although women may also attend. The prayer isperform, although women may also attend. The prayer is

38
performedatthevariouslocalmosquesatthesametimethattheperformedatthevariouslocalmosquesatthesametimethattheperformedatthevariouslocalmosquesatthesametimethattheperformedatthevariouslocalmosquesatthesametimethatthe
ZuhrZuhrZuhrZuhrprayeriscustomarilyperformed.Theprayeriscustomarilyperformed.Theprayeriscustomarilyperformed.Theprayeriscustomarilyperformed.TheJumu’ahJumu’ahJumu’ahJumu’ahprayerisanprayerisanprayerisanprayerisan
audible prayer consistaudible prayer consistaudible prayer consistaudible prayer consisting of 2ing of 2ing of 2ing of 2
rakatsrakatsrakatsrakats(units) only. It takes the(units) only. It takes the(units) only. It takes the(units) only. It takes the
placeoftheplaceoftheplaceoftheplaceofthe
ZuhrZuhrZuhrZuhrprayerforbothmenandwomenwhoattend.So,prayerforbothmenandwomenwhoattend.So,prayerforbothmenandwomenwhoattend.So,prayerforbothmenandwomenwhoattend.So,
oneisnotobligatedtopraytheoneisnotobligatedtopraytheoneisnotobligatedtopraytheoneisnotobligatedtopraythe
ZuhrZuhrZuhrZuhrprayerifhe/shehappenstoprayerifhe/shehappenstoprayerifhe/shehappenstoprayerifhe/shehappensto
catchthecatchthecatchthecatchthe
Jumu’ahJumu’ahJumu’ahJumu’ahprayer.Theprayerisalsoprecededbyasermonprayer.Theprayerisalsoprecededbyasermonprayer.Theprayerisalsoprecededbyasermonprayer.Theprayerisalsoprecededbyasermon
consistingoftwconsistingoftwconsistingoftwconsistingoftwopartsduringwhichoneisrequiredtobeattentiveopartsduringwhichoneisrequiredtobeattentiveopartsduringwhichoneisrequiredtobeattentiveopartsduringwhichoneisrequiredtobeattentive
to the words of the speaker. Meaning, that one should not beto the words of the speaker. Meaning, that one should not beto the words of the speaker. Meaning, that one should not beto the words of the speaker. Meaning, that one should not be
holding a conversation with any other attending the sermon orholding a conversation with any other attending the sermon orholding a conversation with any other attending the sermon orholding a conversation with any other attending the sermon or
doinganyotherthingthatwoulddivertonesattentionfromthedoinganyotherthingthatwoulddivertonesattentionfromthedoinganyotherthingthatwoulddivertonesattentionfromthedoinganyotherthingthatwoulddivertonesattentionfromthe
orator’stopicoorator’stopicoorator’stopicoorator’stopicofdiscussion.fdiscussion.fdiscussion.fdiscussion.
Note4Note4Note4Note4
:Ifthecongregationismorethantwopeople,the:Ifthecongregationismorethantwopeople,the:Ifthecongregationismorethantwopeople,the:Ifthecongregationismorethantwopeople,theImaamImaamImaamImaam
shouldstandinfront,whilealltheothersshouldstandbehindhim.shouldstandinfront,whilealltheothersshouldstandbehindhim.shouldstandinfront,whilealltheothersshouldstandbehindhim.shouldstandinfront,whilealltheothersshouldstandbehindhim.
Ifthereareonlytwopeoplepraying,theIfthereareonlytwopeoplepraying,theIfthereareonlytwopeoplepraying,theIfthereareonlytwopeoplepraying,the
ImaamImaamImaamImaamandhisfollowerandhisfollowerandhisfollowerandhisfollower
shouldbeinasinglerankwiththeshouldbeinasinglerankwiththeshouldbeinasinglerankwiththeshouldbeinasinglerankwiththe
ImaamImaamImaamImaamalalalalittleinfrontofhim.Ifittleinfrontofhim.Ifittleinfrontofhim.Ifittleinfrontofhim.If
amanisleadingawomanorwomeninprayer,theystandbehindamanisleadingawomanorwomeninprayer,theystandbehindamanisleadingawomanorwomeninprayer,theystandbehindamanisleadingawomanorwomeninprayer,theystandbehind
him.Ifthecongregationiscomposedofbothgendersandismorehim.Ifthecongregationiscomposedofbothgendersandismorehim.Ifthecongregationiscomposedofbothgendersandismorehim.Ifthecongregationiscomposedofbothgendersandismore
than three people, the men stand behind thethan three people, the men stand behind thethan three people, the men stand behind thethan three people, the men stand behind the
ImaamImaamImaamImaamand theand theand theand the
womenstandbehindtherank(s)ofthemen.]womenstandbehindtherank(s)ofthemen.]womenstandbehindtherank(s)ofthemen.]womenstandbehindtherank(s)ofthemen.]

39
ThingsthatNullifythePrayerThingsthatNullifythePrayerThingsthatNullifythePrayerThingsthatNullifythePrayer

Prayerisnullifiedbyintentionallynotobservinganyofthefirst
threeprerequisitesofprayermentionedatthebeginningofthis
manualwhilehavingthecapacitytodoso.
7

Theyare:
1111–Facingtheapproximatedirectionofprayer(qiblah/Mecca).
2222–Removingfilthfromonesperson,clothing,andplaceofprayer.
3333–Coveringonesnakednessandprivateparts.

Asforthefourthoftheprerequisites,
wudu,prayerisnullifiedfor
not observing it regardless of whether or not one abandoned it
intentionally.Itisapreconditionthatisabsolutelynecessaryfor
thevalidityofonesprayer.Whereas,theothersareonlyrequired
aslongasoneremembersandisabletofulfillthem.
Thedistinctcharacterof
wudugrantsitenormousimportance.So
itwouldbehooveustocomposeasectiondealingwiththosethings

7
Thereareotherthingsthatnullifytheprayer,whichIhaven’tmentionedhereforreasonsof
facility.

40
thatrenderwuduinvalid.Forifoneswuduisinvalid,onesprayeris
invalidbywayofextension.
8

8
Remember,thesearenottheonlythingsthatnullifytheprayer.Oneshouldenrollinaclass
thatdetailstheothernullifiersofprayer.

41
ThingsthatNullifyThingsthatNullifyThingsthatNullifyThingsthatNullifyWuduWuduWuduWudu

The nullifiers of
wudu are sixteen in number as mentioned in
Maalikijurisprudence.Theyareasfollows:
1111–Urinating.
2222–Passinggas.
3333 – Continence of urine, passing gas, pre-ejaculatory fluid, or
excessivebleedingonthepartofawomanforaperiodbeyondher
usualmenstrualcycle,orbeyondtheusualintervalofpost-natal
bleeding. These matters are all considered nullifiers if they are
rareoccurrences.Asforwhentheyarecontinuousandconstant,
onemerelymakes
wudubeforeperformingeachprayer,andones
prayerisvalidevenifoneisovercomebyoneoftheseafflictions
duringtheprayer,althoughmedicalattentionshouldbesoughtfor
theseailments.
4444–Defecating.
5555–Fallingintoaheavysleepafteronehasperformed
wudu.
6666–Theexcretionofpre-ejaculatoryfluid(madh).Itistheseminal
fluidthatcomesoutwhenonepondersaboutsexualintercourse
andthelike,orwhenoneisplayingwithonesspouse.Onemust

42
cleantheprivatepartofsuchfluidbeforemakingwudu.Asforthe
climax fluid (i.e. sperm) one is required to perform a special
bath/showercalled
gusl.Thismeansthatwuduisn’tsufficientfor
prayerinsuchacase.
7777–Intoxication.
8888–Fainting.
9999–Temporaryinsanity.
10101010 – The discharge of
wadywadywadywady. It is a form of seminal fluid that
usually comes out after urinating. Its mention here by
Maaliki
juristsseemstobesimplytoindicatethat
ghuslisn’trequiredfrom
it.Rather,alloneisrequiredtodoistocleansuchfluidbefore
performing
wudu.Isaythisbecauseurinationnullifiesoneswudu.
So,itwouldseemeffusivetomention
wadyasoneofthenullifiers
aslongasitappearsafterurinating.Unless,therearecaseswhere
itappearswithoutthecompanyofurine.
11/1211/1211/1211/12 - Experiencing or seeking pleasure through touching or
kissing the opposite sex. This also goes for the one who seeks
pleasurethroughsuchakissortouch,butdoesn’texperienceit.
13131313–Enteringthehandwithinthebordersofawoman’svagina.
14141414–Touchingaman’spenis.

43
15151515–Havingdoubtaswhetherornotoneisinastateofpurity
permittingtheperformanceofprayer.Thatis,doubtingwhether
onehas
wuduorghusl(whenrequired)ornot.
16161616 – Apostasy. When one rejects Islam in word or belief, ones
wuduisnullified,sinceprayerisonlyvalidfromaMuslim.Wudu,
beingaconditionforthevalidityoftheprayerwouldmakethe
prayer itself invalid. That’s because the invalidity of the root
necessitatestheinvalidityofwhatbranchesoutfromit.Suchan
individualisrequiredtorepentforhis/herapostasy,thenremake
ones
wuduforthefollowingprayer.

44
TheRitualShowerTheRitualShowerTheRitualShowerTheRitualShower(Al(Al(Al(Al----Ghusl)Ghusl)Ghusl)Ghusl)

Uponentering
Islamitisrecommendedforonetoperformwhatis
termed
alalalal----ghuslghuslghuslghusl, or the ritual shower. This is a special form of
washingwhoseaimis,asordinarybaths/showersare,toremove
anyimpuresubstancesfromthebodythatmayinterferewiththe
soundnessofonesprayerorotherformsofritualworshipwhere
cleanlinessisaprecondition,justasitisintendedasasymbolof
ones adoption of the new life of purity and faith,and ones
relinquishingofonespastlifeofimpurityandinfidelity.
Thethingsnecessitatingtheritualshowerareasfollows:
1111–Thecessationofawoman’smenstrualperiod.
2222–Thecessationofpost-natalbleeding.
3333–Ejaculation,whetheritbetheresultofsexualintercourse,a
wetdream,fantasizingormasturbation,althoughmasturbationis
prohibitedinthe
Malikischool.
4444–Enteringtheheadofthepenisinthevaginaofawoman,even
ifejaculationdoesn’toccur.

45
Ifoneoftheabovehappens,oneisobligatedtoperformtheritual
shower before performing the prayer or the like. The steps for
makingtheritualshowerareasfollows:

1111–Onestartswiththenameof
AllahAllahAllahAllahbysaying“Bismillaa”.
2222-Washonesprivatepartsbeingsurethatallbloodorseminal
fluidisremoved.
3333–Performtheablution
(wudu)asonewoulddoinpreparation
for
Salaat(prayer),exceptthatonemerelywasheseachextremity
once.Thereisnomeritinwashingthemthreetimes.
4444–Repeatthewashingofthehair.Itshouldbedonethreetimes.
5555 – Pour water over the entire body while making sure that it
dampens the skin of the entire body. This is insured through
rubbing.Oneshouldstartwithonesrightside,andfromtopto
bottom.Oneshouldemployatowel,rope,ortheliketoinsurethe
waterisrubbedintotheskinofonesback.Ifthesetoolsdon’twork
onemayutilizeonesspouseoranyotherfamilymember.

[*[*[*[*NoteNoteNoteNote
:Ifonedoesn’tdoanythingthatwouldnullifyones:Ifonedoesn’tdoanythingthatwouldnullifyones:Ifonedoesn’tdoanythingthatwouldnullifyones:Ifonedoesn’tdoanythingthatwouldnullifyones wuduwuduwuduwudu
durdurdurduring the washing, it is permissible to perform all forms ofing the washing, it is permissible to perform all forms ofing the washing, it is permissible to perform all forms ofing the washing, it is permissible to perform all forms of
worshipwiththisshower.So,wereonetotouchonesgenitalswithworshipwiththisshower.So,wereonetotouchonesgenitalswithworshipwiththisshower.So,wereonetotouchonesgenitalswithworshipwiththisshower.So,wereonetotouchonesgenitalswith

46
thepalmsofthehandsortipsorsidesoffingers,he/shewouldbethepalmsofthehandsortipsorsidesoffingers,he/shewouldbethepalmsofthehandsortipsorsidesoffingers,he/shewouldbethepalmsofthehandsortipsorsidesoffingers,he/shewouldbe
requiredtorenewonesablutionrequiredtorenewonesablutionrequiredtorenewonesablutionrequiredtorenewonesablution
(wudu)(wudu)(wudu)(wudu)inordertoperformactinordertoperformactinordertoperformactinordertoperformactssss
of worship. However, if the same person were to touch his/herof worship. However, if the same person were to touch his/herof worship. However, if the same person were to touch his/herof worship. However, if the same person were to touch his/her
genitalswiththebackofthehand,noinvalidationwouldoccur.]genitalswiththebackofthehand,noinvalidationwouldoccur.]genitalswiththebackofthehand,noinvalidationwouldoccur.]genitalswiththebackofthehand,noinvalidationwouldoccur.]

[[[[AdditionalNoteAdditionalNoteAdditionalNoteAdditionalNote
:Whenoneurinatesordefecatesitiscompulsory:Whenoneurinatesordefecatesitiscompulsory:Whenoneurinatesordefecatesitiscompulsory:Whenoneurinatesordefecatesitiscompulsory
tocleananyremnantsofwasteexitingfromthetwopassagetocleananyremnantsofwasteexitingfromthetwopassagetocleananyremnantsofwasteexitingfromthetwopassagetocleananyremnantsofwasteexitingfromthetwopassagewayswayswaysways
fromtheskinorclothing.Usingwaterandthecustomarytoiletfromtheskinorclothing.Usingwaterandthecustomarytoiletfromtheskinorclothing.Usingwaterandthecustomarytoiletfromtheskinorclothing.Usingwaterandthecustomarytoilet
tissuedoesthis.Oneshouldbesurethatnofilthremains,justastissuedoesthis.Oneshouldbesurethatnofilthremains,justastissuedoesthis.Oneshouldbesurethatnofilthremains,justastissuedoesthis.Oneshouldbesurethatnofilthremains,justas
oneistousehis/herlefthandinordertoremovesuchfilth.]oneistousehis/herlefthandinordertoremovesuchfilth.]oneistousehis/herlefthandinordertoremovesuchfilth.]oneistousehis/herlefthandinordertoremovesuchfilth.]

47
VoluntaryPrayersVoluntaryPrayersVoluntaryPrayersVoluntaryPrayers

Once one has incorporated the 5 obligatory prayersinto ones
every day routine, it might be in ones interest todo additional
prayersinordertogivemoreweighttoonesscaleofdeedsonthe
Day of Judgment, and to make up for any imperfection which
likely will occur in ones prayer due to ones beingdiverted by
thoughtsunrelatedtotheprayer.
Of the voluntary prayers are those that are connected with the
performance of the obligatory prayers, and others that are not
connectedtotheirperformance.

AAAA.
Thoseconnectedtotheobligatoryprayers

1111.
FajrFajrFajrFajr.Thesearetwoinaudibleunitsofprayerthatarehighly
recommended.They
shouldbeprayedbeforethedawnprayer
(Subh).However,if
oneisdeterredfromprayingthetworakatsof
Fajrdueto
finding the congregation in the mosque praying the
obligatory,
Subh, one may pray theFajr after completing
Subhaslongasthesunhasn’tbrokenthehorizon.Andifone

48
delaysFajruntilaftersunrise,itispermissibletoprayitupto
thetimeof
Zuhr.
2222.Itisdesirablethatoneperform4unitsofprayerfollowingthe
noonprayer
(Zuhr).
Theyshouldbedividedinto2unitseach,andseparatedbythe
concluding
salaam. They are also inaudible. Some scholars
recommendthatonemake4unitsbefore
Zuhralso.Theyare
executedinthesamemannerasthe4unitsfollowing
Zuhr.
3.3.3.3.
Beforetheafternoonprayer(‘Asr)onecanmake4units,just
asthecaseof
Zuhr.
Except that no voluntary prayers are to madeafter the
compulsoryafternoonprayer.
4.4.4.4.Afterthesunsetprayer
(Maghrib)onecanmake2units.Itis
saidthatsixunitsare
desirable.

B.B.B.B.
Thosethatarenotconnectedtotheobligatoryprayers

1111.Greeting the mosque
(masjid). It is recommended that one
perform2unitsofprayer
upon entering the
masjid before taking a seat, although this
wouldnotbepermitted

49
duringtheprohibitedtimesforprayer.

[[[[NoteNoteNoteNote:Theprohibitedtimesareafter:Theprohibitedtimesareafter:Theprohibitedtimesareafter:TheprohibitedtimesareafterSubhSubhSubhSubhoncethesunbreaksoncethesunbreaksoncethesunbreaksoncethesunbreaks
thehorizonuntilithasfullyrisen,andafterthehorizonuntilithasfullyrisen,andafterthehorizonuntilithasfullyrisen,andafterthehorizonuntilithasfullyrisen,andafter
‘Asr‘Asr‘Asr‘Asroncethesunoncethesunoncethesunoncethesun
begins to set until itbegins to set until itbegins to set until itbegins to set until it has completed its descent below thehas completed its descent below thehas completed its descent below thehas completed its descent below the
horizon.Thisisthegeneralrulethatappliesmainlytovoluntaryhorizon.Thisisthegeneralrulethatappliesmainlytovoluntaryhorizon.Thisisthegeneralrulethatappliesmainlytovoluntaryhorizon.Thisisthegeneralrulethatappliesmainlytovoluntary
prayers.Asforcompulsoryprayers,itwouldbepermissibleforprayers.Asforcompulsoryprayers,itwouldbepermissibleforprayers.Asforcompulsoryprayers,itwouldbepermissibleforprayers.Asforcompulsoryprayers,itwouldbepermissiblefor
onetoperformonesprayeratthistimeifthereisenoughtimeonetoperformonesprayeratthistimeifthereisenoughtimeonetoperformonesprayeratthistimeifthereisenoughtimeonetoperformonesprayeratthistimeifthereisenoughtime
foronetocompleteoneforonetocompleteoneforonetocompleteoneforonetocompleteoneunitunitunitunit
(rakat)(rakat)(rakat)(rakat)ofprayerbeforethesunhasofprayerbeforethesunhasofprayerbeforethesunhasofprayerbeforethesunhas
completeditsascentordescent.Addedtotheprohibitedtimescompleteditsascentordescent.Addedtotheprohibitedtimescompleteditsascentordescent.Addedtotheprohibitedtimescompleteditsascentordescent.Addedtotheprohibitedtimes
isthetimethattheisthetimethattheisthetimethattheisthetimethatthe
ImaamImaamImaamImaamexitsfortheexitsfortheexitsfortheexitsfortheJumu’ahJumu’ahJumu’ahJumu’ahprayer,aswellprayer,aswellprayer,aswellprayer,aswell
as during the sermon. Also amongst the prohibited times areas during the sermon. Also amongst the prohibited times areas during the sermon. Also amongst the prohibited times areas during the sermon. Also amongst the prohibited times are
whenlittletimeremainsfwhenlittletimeremainsfwhenlittletimeremainsfwhenlittletimeremainsforonetoprayacompulsoryprayeroronetoprayacompulsoryprayeroronetoprayacompulsoryprayeroronetoprayacompulsoryprayer
thatonehasn’tmade,whenoneremembersthathe/shehasn’tthatonehasn’tmade,whenoneremembersthathe/shehasn’tthatonehasn’tmade,whenoneremembersthathe/shehasn’tthatonehasn’tmade,whenoneremembersthathe/shehasn’t
prayedacompulsoryprayerwhosetimehaselapsed,andwhenprayedacompulsoryprayerwhosetimehaselapsed,andwhenprayedacompulsoryprayerwhosetimehaselapsed,andwhenprayedacompulsoryprayerwhosetimehaselapsed,andwhen
one enters and finds the obligatory prayer alreadybeingone enters and finds the obligatory prayer alreadybeingone enters and finds the obligatory prayer alreadybeingone enters and finds the obligatory prayer alreadybeing
performedorstarted.]performedorstarted.]performedorstarted.]performedorstarted.]

2.2.2.2. The Forenoon Prayer
(Duhaa)(Duhaa)(Duhaa)(Duhaa). This is a prayer that is
performedafterthesunhas

50
begunitsascentafterdawn.Itstimeextendsuntilthenoon
prayer.Theleastnumberofunitsitiscomprisedofistwo,
andthemostiseight.Theyshouldbeperformedastwounits
atatimebeingseparatedbytheconcluding
salaam.
3.3.3.3.TheEvenandOddoftheNightVigil
(As(As(As(As----Shaf’uwalShaf’uwalShaf’uwalShaf’uwal----Witr).Witr).Witr).Witr).
Itwascustomaryfor
theHolyProphet–peacebeuponhim-toperformwhatis
termedasthe“night“night“night“night
vigil”,vigil”,vigil”,vigil”,ortahajjudtahajjudtahajjudtahajjud(alsoknownasqiyaamqiyaamqiyaamqiyaam
aaaallll----laillaillaillail).Afterperformingthenightprayer(‘Ishaa)hewould
retiretohishome,andthenwakeinthemiddleofthenight
inordertopraysomuchsothatsometimeshisfeetwould
crackfromstandingsolong.
Hewouldperform2unitsofprayeratatimeseparatingthem
by the concluding
salaam. Once he had completed the
numberofunits
(rakats)hefeltweresufficientinnumberhe
wouldprayasingleunitprayertermed
“al“al“al“al----witr”.witr”.witr”.witr”.Theeven
numberofrakatsarecalled
“ash“ash“ash“ash----shaf’”.shaf’”.shaf’”.shaf’”.
Consideringtheenormousdifficultythereisinabandoning
onesbedsideinthemiddleofthenightinordertostandfor
prayer,ithasalsobeenallowedforonetopraythenightvigil
after the night prayer
(‘Ishaa) before retiring. The least

51
number ofrakats allowed in the view ofImaamMaalik is
three. The first two
rakats(ash-shaf’) are to be prayed
separatelyfromtheoneodd
rakat(al-witr).
ItwasthecustomarypracticeoftheHolyMessenger–may
AllahAllahAllahAllahblesshimandgranthimpeace–toprayelevenrakats.
Inonenarration,heusedtopraythirteen.Despitethat,he
didn’texpresslysetalimittothenumberof
rakatsthatoneis
permittedtopray.Thegeneralruleisthatoneistopraytwo
rakatsatatime,andwhenonefearsthatthedawnisaboutto
enter, he/she should perform the
witr prayer making the
numberof
rakatsanoddnumber.
4.4.4.4.Itisgoodtomaketwo
rakatsofprayeraftermakingwudu.
5555.Voluntaryprayersarerecommendedabsolutely.Meaning
thatwheneverone
desirestoprayavoluntaryprayer,doingsoispermittedwith
exceptionbeingmadetoprayingduringtheprohibitedtimes.

[[[[
NoteNoteNoteNote:Voluntaryprayersshouldnotexceedtwounitsatatime.]:Voluntaryprayersshouldnotexceedtwounitsatatime.]:Voluntaryprayersshouldnotexceedtwounitsatatime.]:Voluntaryprayersshouldnotexceedtwounitsatatime.]

52
DryAblution(Tayammum)DryAblution(Tayammum)DryAblution(Tayammum)DryAblution(Tayammum)

No religion stresses the obligatory nature of prayer more than
Islam. What lends support to this claim is the fact that Islam
obligesitsadherentstoperformprayerincaseswhereevensome
ofthemajorprerequisiteshavenotbeenfulfilled.Namely,inthe
casewhereonecannotfindwaterfortheritualablution
(wudoo),
oroutoffearofsomepotentialharmthatmayafflictanindividual
werehe/shetoutilizeorseekoutwater.Whenunabletofindor
usewaterfor
wudoo,theDivineLawgiver(Allah)(Allah)(Allah)(Allah)hasprovidedfor
Hisservantsalegalsubstitutecalled
TayammumTayammumTayammumTayammum.
TayammumTayammumTayammumTayammumis an earthly purification (i.e. through the use of
earthlymatter)consistingofthewipingofthefaceandhandsto
the elbows. Its aim is to make permissible all things that the
nullifiersof
wudoohaverenderedimpermissibleforonetocarry
outwithoutit(i.e.
wudoo)whenwaterisnon-existent.
Thewayofperforming
tayammumisforonetotouchpuredirt,a
stone,orthelikewithbothhands,andthenwipetheface.Next,
oneshouldtouchtheobjectasecondtime,thenproceedtowipe

53
thehandsandarmsuptoandincludingtheelbowsasonewould
doin
wudoo.

[[[[NoteNoteNoteNote
:Oneshouldonlywipethefaceandarmsonce.]:Oneshouldonlywipethefaceandarmsonce.]:Oneshouldonlywipethefaceandarmsonce.]:Oneshouldonlywipethefaceandarmsonce.]

Asforthetypesofthingsitispermissibletomake
tayammumwith
inthe
Maalikischool,theyareanythingfoundonthesurfaceof
theEarthinitsnaturalstate,whetheritbesand,rocks,mud,or
dirt.Suchthingsshouldnotbesoiledbyfilth.
Tayammumisapermissiblesubstituteforwudoointwocases.
1111 – Absence of waterAbsence of waterAbsence of waterAbsence of water
. This also includes when one has an
insufficientamountofdrinkingwaterwhiletravelingandthelike.
2222–FearFearFearFear,inthebroadsenseoftheword.Thatis,fearthatone
might become sick from the use of water (even if it’s not cold
outside),fearthatonessicknesswillworsen,fearthatonemightbe
harmedbysomeoneorsomethingonthewaytofetchwaterina
particularplace,etc.Andthescenariosaremany.

As for the first case,
tayammum is not deemed a permissible
substitute for
wudoo absolutely. Rather, the permissibility of
tayammum when water is absent is relative to the state of the

54
individual.Theindividualmaybeineitheroneofthreedifferent
states.Theyareasfollows.

a.a.a.a.
TheHopefulTheHopefulTheHopefulTheHopeful.Thatis,onemightbehopefulthathe/shewill
findwaterbeforethetimefor
prayerhasexited.Inthiscase,onemustwaituntilthelatest
timefortheprayerbeforeits
timeelapses.Ifonefindswater,theyshouldmake
wudoo

andpray.Iftheydon’t,they
shouldmake
tayammumwithcleandirt,arock,andthelike,
andthenpray.
b.b.b.b.
TheDespondentTheDespondentTheDespondentTheDespondent.Asfortheonewhohasgivenuphopethat
theywillfindwatereven
werehe/shetowaituntiltheendoftheprayertime,itis
permissibleforthemtomake
tayammumattheearliesttimeoftheprayerthenpray.
c.c.c.c.
The IrresoluteThe IrresoluteThe IrresoluteThe Irresolute. The one who isn’t certain about finding
waterornotfindingitbeforethe
timefortheprayerelapsesshouldwaituntilhalfofthe
prayer’stimehaselapsedthenpray
with
tayammum.

55

Tayammumisvalidforallthingspermittedbywudoo,suchasthe
obligatory and voluntary prayers. An exception is made with
regardto
Jumu’ahprayerwheretayammumdoesnotrepresenta
substituteforwaterinthecaseofthehealthyresident
.Thatis,one
isrequiredtomake
wudooforJumu’ahprayeraccordingtothe
majorityof
Maalikijurists.
The same things that render
wudoo invalid also render ones
tayammuminvalid.However,wasonetofindwaterbefore
praying
afterperforming
tayammumthelatterwouldberenderedinvalid.
Ontheotherhand,ifoneweretofindwaterafter
completingthe
prayeritwouldberecommendedtorepeattheprayeraslongasits
timehasn’telapsed.Whatismeantbytimeinthisinstanceiswhat
isknownasthe“PreferredTimes“PreferredTimes“PreferredTimes“PreferredTimes””””oftheprayers.Thatwouldbe
for
Zuhr,fromthebeginningofitstimeuntilthestartof‘Asr.As
for
Maghrib,itstimewouldbeconsideredfromsunsetuntilthe
dissipationoftwilight.

[Note: The permissibility of[Note: The permissibility of[Note: The permissibility of[Note: The permissibility of
tayammumtayammumtayammumtayammum extends to bothextends to bothextends to bothextends to bothwudoowudoowudoowudoo
andandandand
ghughughughuslslslsl.].].].]

56

57
WipingOvertheLeatherSockWipingOvertheLeatherSockWipingOvertheLeatherSockWipingOvertheLeatherSock(Khuff)(Khuff)(Khuff)(Khuff)

TheArabswereknownforwearingaleathersockcalleda
Khuff.
Itwasworntoprotecttheirfeetfromanyharmfulmatters,namely,
thecoldorheat.Thenewcomerwillprobablyfindsomeofour
brothersinthefaithwearingthemfromtimetotime.So,itwill
becomeeasytoidentifythem.
Ifoneperformsacomplete
wudoobeforewearingtheseleather
footcovers,onemayrepeatprayerinthembysimplywipingover
thetopofthemifonehappenstodosomethingtoinvalidateones
wudoo.Thatis,aslongasonedoesn’tremovethemafternullifying
ones
wudoo,itispermissibletorenewthewudoowithouthaving
towashonesbarefeetanothertime.
Theintervalofthepermissibilityofthisisthreedaysandthree
nights.Thisistheviewrepresentedbysounderevidence,although
thepopularviewinthe
MaalikiSchoolisthatthereisnottime
limitsetforthepermissibilityofwipingoverthe
khuff.

[[[[NoteNoteNoteNote
: Were one to remove the: Were one to remove the: Were one to remove the: Were one to remove thekhuffkhuffkhuffkhuffafter invaafter invaafter invaafter invalidating oneslidating oneslidating oneslidating ones
wudoowudoowudoowudoo, and before renewing it, one would be required towash, and before renewing it, one would be required towash, and before renewing it, one would be required towash, and before renewing it, one would be required towash

58
onesfeetanew.Meaningthatprayerwouldnotbevalidthenwereonesfeetanew.Meaningthatprayerwouldnotbevalidthenwereonesfeetanew.Meaningthatprayerwouldnotbevalidthenwereonesfeetanew.Meaningthatprayerwouldnotbevalidthenwere
onetowipeovertheonetowipeovertheonetowipeovertheonetowipeoverthe
khuffkhuffkhuffkhuff.Alsorememberthatonehastoalready.Alsorememberthatonehastoalready.Alsorememberthatonehastoalready.Alsorememberthatonehastoalready
havehavehavehave
wudoowudoowudoowudoo before wearing thebefore wearing thebefore wearing thebefore wearing thekhuffkhuffkhuffkhuff in order for iin order for iin order for iin order for it to bet to bet to bet to be
considered permissible to wipe over it after doinga thing thatconsidered permissible to wipe over it after doinga thing thatconsidered permissible to wipe over it after doinga thing thatconsidered permissible to wipe over it after doinga thing that
wouldnullifyoneswouldnullifyoneswouldnullifyoneswouldnullifyones
wudoowudoowudoowudoo.].].].]

59
WipingOvertheCastorMedicatedPad(AlWipingOvertheCastorMedicatedPad(AlWipingOvertheCastorMedicatedPad(AlWipingOvertheCastorMedicatedPad(Al----Jabeerah)Jabeerah)Jabeerah)Jabeerah)

Ifthereisawound,abscess,mange,burn,oranythingofthesort
on the body, and one fears that if he/she was to wash it in the
processofmaking
wudooorghuslthatonemightbecomeill,one
canplaceamedicatedpadupontheinjuredplaceandsimplywipe
overit(i.e.thesplint).Thisalsoapplieswhenonemerelyfears
thatonessicknessmightworsen,orthatwashingitwoulddelayits
improvement.
There are other matter pertinent to the subject that we have
abandonedoutoffearofprolixity,andduetothefactthatthe
subjectwillbedealtwithatgreaterlengthintheclasseswhichwill
beheldonthetopicof
Fiqh(jurisprudence),inshaaAllah.

60

61
AdditionalShortAdditionalShortAdditionalShortAdditionalShortSurahsSurahsSurahsSurahs

I.I.I.I.
SuratAlSuratAlSuratAlSuratAl----IkhlaasIkhlaasIkhlaasIkhlaas(Sincerity)(Sincerity)(Sincerity)(Sincerity)

“QulhuwAllahuAhad,“QulhuwAllahuAhad,“QulhuwAllahuAhad,“QulhuwAllahuAhad,
AllahusSamad,AllahusSamad,AllahusSamad,AllahusSamad,
Lamyalidwalamyoolad,Lamyalidwalamyoolad,Lamyalidwalamyoolad,Lamyalidwalamyoolad,
walamyakulwalamyakulwalamyakulwalamyakullakufuwanahlakufuwanahlakufuwanahlakufuwanahad.”ad.”ad.”ad.”

(Say:He,(Say:He,(Say:He,(Say:He,
AllahAllahAllahAllahisUnique.isUnique.isUnique.isUnique.AllahAllahAllahAllah,TheEternal.Hedidnotbeget.,TheEternal.Hedidnotbeget.,TheEternal.Hedidnotbeget.,TheEternal.Hedidnotbeget.
And he was notbegotten. And there is not to Him oneAnd he was notbegotten. And there is not to Him oneAnd he was notbegotten. And there is not to Him oneAnd he was notbegotten. And there is not to Him one
comparable.)comparable.)comparable.)comparable.)

II.II.II.II. SuratAlSuratAlSuratAlSuratAl----Falaq(TheDawn)Falaq(TheDawn)Falaq(TheDawn)Falaq(TheDawn)

“QulA’oodhubirabbilfalaq,“QulA’oodhubirabbilfalaq,“QulA’oodhubirabbilfalaq,“QulA’oodhubirabbilfalaq,
minsharrimaakhalaq,minsharrimaakhalaq,minsharrimaakhalaq,minsharrimaakhalaq,
waminsharrighaasiqinwaminsharrighaasiqinwaminsharrighaasiqinwaminsharrighaasiqinIdhaawaqab,Idhaawaqab,Idhaawaqab,Idhaawaqab,
WAminsharrinnaffaathaatifil‘uqad,WAminsharrinnaffaathaatifil‘uqad,WAminsharrinnaffaathaatifil‘uqad,WAminsharrinnaffaathaatifil‘uqad,
waminwaminwaminwaminsharrihaasidinidhaahasad.”sharrihaasidinidhaahasad.”sharrihaasidinidhaahasad.”sharrihaasidinidhaahasad.”

62

(Say:ItakerefugewiththeLordoftheMornfromtheevilofall(Say:ItakerefugewiththeLordoftheMornfromtheevilofall(Say:ItakerefugewiththeLordoftheMornfromtheevilofall(Say:ItakerefugewiththeLordoftheMornfromtheevilofall
Hecreated,andfromtheevilofnightwhenitenters,andfromtheHecreated,andfromtheevilofnightwhenitenters,andfromtheHecreated,andfromtheevilofnightwhenitenters,andfromtheHecreated,andfromtheevilofnightwhenitenters,andfromthe
eviltheonewhoblowsintoknots,andeviltheonewhoblowsintoknots,andeviltheonewhoblowsintoknots,andeviltheonewhoblowsintoknots,andfromtheevilofanenviousfromtheevilofanenviousfromtheevilofanenviousfromtheevilofanenvious
onewhenhepracticeshisenvy.)onewhenhepracticeshisenvy.)onewhenhepracticeshisenvy.)onewhenhepracticeshisenvy.)

III.III.III.III. SuratAlSuratAlSuratAlSuratAl----Naas(Humanity)Naas(Humanity)Naas(Humanity)Naas(Humanity)

“Qula’oodhubirabbinnaas,“Qula’oodhubirabbinnaas,“Qula’oodhubirabbinnaas,“Qula’oodhubirabbinnaas,
Malikinnaas,Malikinnaas,Malikinnaas,Malikinnaas,
ilaahinnaas,ilaahinnaas,ilaahinnaas,ilaahinnaas,
minsharrilwaswaasilkhannaas,minsharrilwaswaasilkhannaas,minsharrilwaswaasilkhannaas,minsharrilwaswaasilkhannaas,
alladhiyuwaswisufisudoorinnaas,alladhiyuwaswisufisudoorinnaas,alladhiyuwaswisufisudoorinnaas,alladhiyuwaswisufisudoorinnaas,
minalJinnatiwannaas.”minalJinnatiwannaas.”minalJinnatiwannaas.”minalJinnatiwannaas.”
(Say: I(Say: I(Say: I(Say: I take refuge with the Lord of Mankind, the King oftake refuge with the Lord of Mankind, the King oftake refuge with the Lord of Mankind, the King oftake refuge with the Lord of Mankind, the King of
Mankind,theGodofMankindfromtheevilofthewhispererwhoMankind,theGodofMankindfromtheevilofthewhispererwhoMankind,theGodofMankindfromtheevilofthewhispererwhoMankind,theGodofMankindfromtheevilofthewhispererwho
withdraws,whowhispersinthebreastsofmen,fromtheJinnandwithdraws,whowhispersinthebreastsofmen,fromtheJinnandwithdraws,whowhispersinthebreastsofmen,fromtheJinnandwithdraws,whowhispersinthebreastsofmen,fromtheJinnand
Mankind.)Mankind.)Mankind.)Mankind.)

((AndtoAllahisthereturnofallaffairs))((AndtoAllahisthereturnofallaffairs))((AndtoAllahisthereturnofallaffairs))((AndtoAllahisthereturnofallaffairs))

Maliki Salat (Easy)Islam,Sunni,Mali

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