Mallein test

test used in glanders caused by burkholderia

1. MALLEIN TEST ABHIJITH SP CVAS POOKODE

2. INTRODUCTION The  Mallein test  is a sensitive and specific clinical test for GLANDERS. It is a common bacterial disease caused by Burkholderia mallei . This test is an allergic hypersensitivity test. Used to diagnose Glanders. Mallein was discovered in 1890. Before 1934, glanders was widespread.  In the early 1900s, glanders was common in Europe, the United States of America, and Canada, and has been successfully eliminated by mass testing and the slaughter and destruction of campaigns.  Glanders is still present in Asia, the Middle East and South America. Mallein is purified protein derivative (PPD). Intradermal-Palpebral test is more sensitive and reliable. 12-09-2020 ABHIJITH SP CVAS POOKODE 2

3. Advantage The specificity of Mallein tests and the efficiency and potency of it are connected to the "molecular weight of protein fractions, antigenic range, and virulence. 12-09-2020 ABHIJITH SP CVAS POOKODE 3

4. Limitations Although Mallein is the most commonly used form of testing for glanders, cross reactions were reported between  Burkholderia mallei and  Streptococcus equi , which is a bacteria-caused contagious upper respiratory tract infection of equines.  This resulted in false-positive reactions. 12-09-2020 ABHIJITH SP CVAS POOKODE 4

5. Procedure Mallein, a glycoprotein fraction of  B. mallei , is usually injected by an eye-drop. If the animal is suffering from Glanders, they would have started producing antibodies at an alarming rate.  If an animal is infected, the animal will show swelling in the eye from around 48 hours of injection and may be accompanied by secretion and conjunctivitis.  Mallein is non toxic to normal animals, so normal animals will not have response hypersensitivity action towards Mallein protein. 12-09-2020 ABHIJITH SP CVAS POOKODE 5

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