Man Made Disaster.pptx

Man made disaster

1. Man-made Disasters In India And In World Mostaque Ahmed PGT GMCH, Guwahati

2. Introduction A disaster is a serious disruption, occurring over a relatively short time of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental loss and impacts that exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources.

3. Classification The types are – Natural disasters Man-made disasters

4. Types of Man-Made Disasters Nuclear disaster Biological disaster Chemical Disaster Fire accidents Travel accidents Terrorism Societal hazards Pollution

5. Nuclear Accidents It occurs due to nuclear fission and fusion reactions. E.g. For fission bombs: atomic bombs E.g. For fusion bombs: hydrogen bombs SYMPTOMS: vomiting, nausea, dizziness, etc. PRECAUTIONS: Don't look at the fire as it causes instant blindness Close all doors and windows as radioactivity doesn't penetrate solid structures. Cover all food and water and listen govt. orders.

6. Nuclear: Do's & Don'ts DO’s Go indoors. Stay inside. Switch on the radio/television and look out for public announcements from your local authority. Close doors/windows. Cover all food, and water and consume only such covered items. If in the open, cover your face and body with a wet handkerchief, towel, dhoti, or sari. Return home, change/remove clothes. Have a complete wash and use fresh clothing. Extend full cooperation with local authorities and obey their instructions completely -- be it for taking medication, evacuation, etc. You must be aware of nuclear radiation hazards. Discuss Nuclear radiation safety among children and family members, to reduce their fear of radiation

7. Don'ts Do not panic. Do not believe in rumors passed on by word of mouth from one person to another. Do not stay outside/or go outside. As far as possible, AVOID water from open wells/ponds; exposed crops and vegetables; food, water, or milk from outside. Do not disobey any instruction of the district or civil defense authorities who would be doing their best to ensure the safety of you, your family, and your property.

8. Biological Disaster Biological disasters  are natural scenarios involving disease, disability, or death on a large scale among humans, animals, and plants due to micro-organisms like bacteria, viruses, or toxins. Biological disasters  are causative of processes or phenomena of organic origin or conveyed by biological vectors, including exposure to pathogenic micro-organisms, toxins, and bioactive substances that may cause loss of life, injury, illness or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage. Examples of biological disasters include outbreaks of epidemic diseases, plant or animal contagion, insect or other animal plagues, and infestation. E.g. Bioweapons like nerve gas

9. Biological disasters may be in the form of:-           Epidemic  affecting a disproportionately large number of individuals within a population, community, or region at the same time, examples being Cholera, Plague, Japanese Encephalitis (JE)/Acute Encephalitis  Syndrome (AES); or,           A pandemic  is an epidemic that spreads across a large region, that is, a continent or even worldwide of existing, emerging, or reemerging diseases and pestilences, an example being Influenza H1N1 (Swine Flu). Emergency Kit Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) sachets. Tablet Paracetamol. Tablet Anti-diarrhoea. Tablet Anti-spasmodic.

10. CHEMICAL DISASTERS Disasters that are caused by the excessive use and misuse of chemicals in industries are called chemical disasters. Chemical disasters may arise in several ways, such as:- Process and safety systems failures Human errors Technical errors Management errors Induced effect of natural calamities Accidents during the transportation Hazardous waste processing/ disposal Terrorist attack/ unrest leading to sabotage

11. Precautions to be taken during and after the Chemical (Industrial) Accidents Do not panic, evacuate calmly and quickly perpendicular to wind direction through the designated escape route Keep a wet handkerchief or piece of cloth/ sari on your face during an evacuation Keep the sick, elderly, weak, handicapped, and other people who are unable to evacuate inside the house and close all the doors and windows tightly. Do not consume the uncovered food/ water etc. open to the air, drink only from a bottle Change into fresh clothing after reaching a safe place/ shelter, and wish hands properly

12. Inform Fire & Emergency Services, Police and medical services from a safe location by calling 101, 100 and 108 respectively. Listen to the PA (Public Address) System of the plant/ factory, and local radio/ TV channels for advice from district administration/fire/health/police and other concerned authorities Provide correct and accurate information to the government official. Inform others on the occurrence of events at public gathering places (like schools, shopping centres , theatres etc.). Don’t pay attention to the rumours and don’t spread rumours .

13. General Precautions During Normal Time Do not smoke, lit fire, or spark in the identified hazardous area Sensitize the community living near the industrial units and they should be more vigilant about the nature of industrial units and associated risks. Keep the contact numbers of the nearest hazardous industry, fire station, police station, control room, health services, and district control room, for emergency use. Avoid housing near the industries producing or processing the hazardous chemicals, if possible. Participate in all the capacity-building programs organized by the government/ voluntary organizations / industrial units.

14. Take part in preparing a disaster management plan for the community and identify safe shelters along with safe and easy access routes. Prepare a family disaster management plan and explain it to all the family members. Make the family/neighbors aware of the basic characteristics of various poisonous/ hazardous chemicals and the first aid required to treat them. an Adequate number of personal protective equipment needs to be made available, to deal with an emergency situation. Prepare an emergency kit of items and essentials in the house, including medicines, documents, and valuables.

15. Fire Accidents Accidents that are caused due to fire are quite common. Fire results in heavy damage both in terms of life and property. PRECAUTIONS : The main reason is poor wiring and faulty electrical equipment, leaking gas, or carelessly thrown cigarettes and matches. The main power supply source is in good condition.- Wire should be properly covered. Inflammable things should be kept out of reach of children.

16. Travel Accidents Travel accidents are quite common. An accident that involves a no. of people becomes a disaster. E.g.: Air crashes. Train or vehicles collisions, capsizing of boats, etc PRECAUTIONS: Efforts should be made to carry victims to a nearby hospital. It is the duty of people present there to get trapped people out If we smell fuel at the accident site, warn people and don't light fire

17. Terrorism Terrorism results in loss of life and property. Terrorists use violence and strike without warning. They use bombs, guns, etc to terrorize people. PRECAUTIONS: We must inform the police if we come across any suspected group of people. We must stay away from any suspicious things and inform the police about that. Do not accept packages from strangers. Do not leave luggage unattended while traveling.

18. Pollution Major forms of pollution include  air pollution, light pollution, litter, noise pollution, plastic pollution, soil contamination, radioactive contamination, thermal pollution, visual pollution, and water pollution . Events such as motor vehicle emissions, gas leaks, oil spills, nuclear meltdowns, and industrial fires transpire through human error and carry grave consequences.

19. Man-made Disasters in World

20. THE SEVESO DISASTER

21. Special measures were needed to clean up Seveso's chemical leak. This industrial accident took place at a chemical plant north of Milan, Italy. On Saturday, July 10, 1976, the factory was producing a chemical called 2,4,5- Trichlorophenol, which has been used as a chemical weapon and in weedkillers, according to the journal Chemosphere. On that daya chain reaction ruptured the reactor and that, in turn, caused six tonnes of toxic chemicals to burst into the sky.

22. CHERNOBYL MELTDOWN

23. The explosion at Chernobyl is one of the world's most infamous man-made disasters and with good reason. Workers and firefighters were hospitalized and 28 people quickly passed away from acute radiation exposure. It took nearly two weeks, and military intervention, to extinguish the fires. Crucially, it took more than a day for the 50,000 residents of nearby Pripyat to be evacuated.

24. EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL

25. When the Exxon Valdez oil tanker hit the coast of Prince William Sound, Alaska, 11 million gallons of oil spilled across 1,300 miles and devastated wildlife populations in the area. According to the National Park Service, 250,000 seabirds, 2,800 sea otters, 300 harbor seals, 250 bald eagles, 22 killer whales, and billions of salmon died because of pollution from the spill.

26. Manmade Disasters in India

27. Bhopal Gas tragedy

28. Bhopal gas tragedy occurred on 2 December 1984 when toxic Methyl Isocyanate (MIC) gas leaked from the factory owned by Union Carbide. Many died in their sleep while others went blind. Over time, several people suffered from post-trauma diseases, while many continue to suffer even today. This was one of the worst chemical disasters globally that resulted in over 10,000 losing their lives (the actual number remains disputed) and over 5.5 lakh persons affected and suffering from agonizing injuries. The tragedy was a result of human error and poor supervision at the factory.

29. Girish Park Kolkata Flyover Collapse

30. It occurred on 31 March at 12.25 pm 2009 when a portion of the under-construction Vivekananda Road flyover at Girish Park crossing collapsed, crushing 18 people to death and leaving over 78 injured. It is still early to conclude whether the poor design and/or poor construction material contributed to the tragedy but it is clear that lack of supervision on part of the authorities led the contractor to be lax on quality monitoring as construction progressed.

31. Baghjan (Assam) gas leak

32. The  2020 Assam gas and oil leak , also referred to as the  Baghjan gas leak , is a  natural gas   blowout  that happened in  Oil India Limited 's Baghjan Oilfield in the Tinsukia district  on 27 May 2020. The blowout occurred at Well No. 5 in the Baghjan Oil Field, resulting in a leak of natural gas. The leaking well subsequently caught fire on 9 June 2020 and resulted in three deaths (Officially), large-scale local evacuations, and environmental damage to the nearby  Dibru-Saikhowa National Park  and  Maguri-Motapung Wetland .

33. Maha Kumbh mela stampede

34. Maha Kumbh mela stampede in Allahabad, 1954 Stampede caused by poor people management and lack of adequate infrastructure to monitor and manage large crowd gatherings, especially during religious occasions, has been a bane in India. One of the worst incidents took place just after independence on 3 February 1954 on the occasion of Maha Kumbh in Allahabad. The resulting stampede took the lives of 820 and left over 100 injured.

35. Suryanagari Express derailment

36. 13 coaches of the Bandra Terminus-Jodhpur Suryanagari Express train were derailed between the Rajkiawas-Bomadra section of the Jodhpur division at 3.27 am on 2 nd January 2023. 26 passengers were injured in the accident.