Man made disasters

Covers Reasons, examples. precautions and case study on Chernobyl.

1. Introduction A man-made disasters is a disaster resulting from human intent, negligence, or error. Manmade disasters can be both intentional and unintentional. It results in huge loss of life and property. It further affects a person's mental, physical and social well-being.

2. Reasons For Man-Made Disasters There are multiple factor that may relate to manmade disasters Ignorance Unawareness Illiteracy Carelessly handling danger Chemical Weapons

3. Types of Man Made Disasters

4. Nuclear Disaster Nuclear disaster are the types of disaster that falls in this category is nuclear bomb. When this occurs, it is often as a result of intent and the end results are even more catastrophic with a large percentage of those involved losing their lives.

5. Chemical Disasters/Industrial Disasters By their nature, the manufacture, storage, and transport of chemicals are accidents waiting to happen. Chemicals can be toxic, and they may react, often explosively. The impacts of chemical accidents can be deadly, for both human being-environments.

6. Fire disasters Bush fires, forest fires, and mine fires are generally started by lightning, but also by human negligence or arson. They can burn thousands of square kilometers

7. Deforestation Forest is an important source for satisfying people's demands and needs. Thus, undoubtedly people would try to exploit forest resources. This process of exploiting forest is called deforestation.

8. Historical Examples of man made disasters

9. London’s Killer Fog

10. 2. The Al- Mishraq Fire

11. 3. Dioxin Pollution

12. Precautions for man made disasters

13. One should not look at the fire as it causes instant blindness Should close all doors and windows as radioactivity does not penetrate into solid structures Cover all food and water Nuclear Accidents:

14. Chemical Agents Use protective equipment. Give quick and correct self-aid when contaminated. Avoid areas where chemical agents exist. Decontaminate your equipment and body as soon as possible.

15. Fire Accidents The biggest main reason might be poor wiring and faulty electrical equipment, leaking gas or carelessly thrown cigarettes and matches. Wires should be properly covered. Inflammable things should be kept safely. Power points should not be overloaded.

16. Case Study Chernobyl Disaster

17. Introduction Chernobyl disaster is considered to be the worst catastrophic (Manmade disaster) in history. Chernobyl was a nuclear power plant that was located 80 miles north of Kiev, which is now the ‘Ukraine’. Chernobyl was a part of the city ‘ Pripyat ’.

18. What Happened? On 26 th April 1986, at 1:23 P.M. blast occurred in the 4 th reactor. The reactor 4 suffered power increase leading to explosion from core. The two engineers present in the 4 th reactor were Alexander Akimov and Leonid Toptunov . Whereas Leonid was present at the time of blast as he was a young engineer with a 3 months experience.

19. How did it happen? The obvious reason that can be stated is ‘Operator error’. Maybe the operator was not experienced enough to control the reactor. Another reason was that the, operator allowed to much water flow in the tank that caused the speed of the turbine to increase uncontrollably. Additionally normal safety rules were not followed. Example the regulation required at least 15 controlled rods but at the time of the explosion there were on 10 rods intact.

20. The Chernobyl plant showed the RBMK design characteristics. Excessive supply of cold watch and the attachment of only 10 rods led to the explosion. RMBK

21. The core of reactor 4. Arial view of the blast .

22. What happened then? Soon after the blast the city Pirpyat was evacuated immediately. There were 50,000 people living who were forced to leave everything behind (Even necessary belongings). Within hours after explosion dozen of people fell ill and experienced headache, metallic taste in mouth, vomiting, uncontrollable fits. Within hours Pripyat became a ghost city.

23. Effects of the explosion With the emitting radiations a rise was seen in health disorders. Disease like Thyroid cancer, mental illness, rise in abortion, various physical disability. The rate of cancers are still at a rise and many cases are reported every year with a certain disability. Every year thousands of people die in this manner.

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28. Chernobyl today 27 years have passed but still the radiation level is that area is so high that nobody will be able to live there for 200 years. The whole area is sealed by the Russian force and no individuals id allowed to visit anywhere near the reactor. It is said that the controller keys of reactor 4 still remain untouched even after 27 years.

29. Hareem I. Iffrah A. Hareem S.