Managing Risks by Preventing Harm in the workplace for work

safety

1. Managing Risks by Preventing Harm

2. Agenda Safety Starts with you video Legal requirements and Definitions Identification of Hazards Applicable controls Routes to harm Risk evaluation Final exercise…….exam time!!! What next

3. Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations Regulation 3 - Risk Assessment (1) Every employer shall make a suitable and sufficient assessment of:- (a) the risks to the health and safety of his employees to which they are exposed whilst they are at work; and (b) the risks to the health and safety of persons not in his employment arising out of or in connection with the conduct by him of his undertaking, for the purpose of identifying the measures he needs to take to comply with the requirements and prohibitions imposed upon him by or under the relevant statutory provisions…… Risk Assessments – Legal Requirements

4. Regulation 3 - Risk Assessment (cont…..) (3) Any assessment such as is referred to in paragraph (1) …. shall be reviewed by the employer or self-employed person who made it if:- (a) there is reason to suspect that it is no longer valid; or (b) there has been a significant change in the matters to which it relates; and where as a result of any such review changes to an assessment are required, the employer or self-employed person concerned shall make them. Risk Assessments – Legal Requirements

5. Regulation 9 - Co-operation and Co-ordination (1) Where two or more employers share a workplace (whether on a temporary or a permanent basis) each such employer shall:- (c) take all reasonable steps to inform the other employers concerned of the risks to their employees’ health and safety arising out of or in connection with the conduct by him of his undertaking. Other Legislation: There is other legislation which require risk assessments as well, e.g. COSHH, Manual Handling, PUWER, Asbestos, Risk Assessments – Legal Requirements

6. Definitions Suitable’ and ‘sufficient’ The assessment criteria make references to information that is ‘suitable or ‘sufficient’. For the purposes of assessment these terms are taken to mean: a) ‘Suitable’: Valid and appropriate for the situation and circumstances. b) ‘Sufficient’: Supporting information proportionate to the described level of risk based on the circumstances

7. What is a Risk Assessment A process of determining what hazards exist in the work environment, what potential harm would be caused and how it should be eliminated, substituted, enclosed, or other means of control What is a Hazard Something that has the potential to cause you harm – can be unsafe act or an unsafe condition What is a Risk The likelihood of that hazard causing you or someone else harm What is a Control Measure A method to control the hazard to prevent the risk becoming reality Reasonably Foreseeable The test of what a person could have anticipated would be the consequence of his or her action. Definitions

8. Electricity Confined spaces Falling objects Trips and slips Radiation Temperature Noise Machinery Mechanical injury (Lifting) Fire/explosion Hazardous materials Horseplay Not adhering to instructions or procedures Lack of Training / knowledge Examples of hazards that need controls Potential hazards : Risk Assessments

9. As part of the assessment we have to consider the procedures to control significant risks during: normal operation abnormal operation (maintenance, start up and shut down) emergency situations Then communicate the requirements to Staff, contractors, visitors etc. Risk Assessments

10. Process overview – Risk Assessments

11. A Safe System of Work Eliminates identified hazards and controls others. Plans to achieve the controlled completion of the work with minimum risk. Fundamental to accident prevention. Should fully document the hazards, precautions and safe working methods.

12. Identification of Hazards

13. What is a Hazard Something that has the potential to cause you harm can be unsafe act or an unsafe condition Definition - HAZARD

14. Classes of hazard Hazards are classified into five different types. They are Physical - includes floors, stairs, work platforms, steps, ladders, fire, falling objects, slippery surfaces, manual handling (lifting, pushing, pulling), excessively loud and prolonged noise, vibration, heat and cold, radiation, poor lighting, ventilation, air quality Mechanical and/or electrical - includes electricity, machinery, equipment, pressure vessels, dangerous goods, fork lifts, cranes, hoists Chemical - includes chemical substances such as acids or poisons and those that could lead to fire or explosion, cleaning agents, dusts and fumes from various processes such as welding Biological - includes bacteria, viruses, mould, mildew, insects, vermin, animals Psychosocial environment (ergonomic) - includes workplace stressors arising from a variety of sources. Note that some physical and chemical hazards can lead to fire, explosion and other safety hazards.

15. Unsafe Acts or Conditions Unsafe Acts Operating equipment at improper speeds Operating equipment without authority Using equipment improperly Using defective equipment Failure to wear PPE Taking and improper working position Servicing equipment in motion or live Defeating safety devices Unsafe Conditions Inadequate guards Defective tools or equipment Congestion of working area Poor housekeeping Excessive noise Poor illumination Poor ventilation

16. Assessment of risks When you identify a hazard gather information about each identified hazard, think about: what the process is what happens with the process, how do people interact with the task, what is the output of the task / process, both direct and indirect What other unusual / infrequent activities happen

17. Exercise Go to the selected area: Describe the work process in the area from start to finish, including any infrequent activities and record all the hazards in the area What hazards did you find in the area? Hazard

18. What Controls are applicable?

19. 8 © Wärtsilä Revision December 2011 What is a Control Measure A method to control the hazard to prevent the risk becoming reality Definitions

20. Exercise Take the document and for each hazard and risk write down the current controls being used How is the Risk now being Controlled

21. Routes to Harm

22. What is a Risk? The likelihood of that hazard causing you or someone else harm Definitions

23. Types of Harm Physical harm: (Cuts/abrasions, Fractures, Sprains/strains etc……) Chemical reactions (Absorption, Ingestion, Inhalation) Loss of Hearing (Partial / Full) Stress / physiological Burns ( Chemical, Fire, Electrical) Inhalation (Chemical, Fire) Chromic illnesses( Asbestosis, Cancers etc…….) Dermatitis and other skin disorders Embedded Foreign body Electric shock Loss of consciousness Loss of sight Muscular skeletal DEATH Chronic: Effects are long-term responses to prolonged exposures Acute: Effects are immediate responses to short-term exposures

24. Assessment of risks When you identify a hazard, do a risk assessment. A risk assessment process means you gather information about each identified hazard, think about: what the process is what happens with the process, how do people interact with the task, what is the output of the task / process, both direct and indirect consider the number of people exposed to each hazard and the duration of the exposure Consider the types of harm that could occur, are the short term (Acute) or Long-term (Chronic) or a combination of both use a risk assessment table to work out the risk associated with each hazard.

25. Factors for consideration You should consider the following factors during the risk assessment process the nature of the hazard posing the risk combinations of hazards types of injuries or illnesses foreseeable from exposure the consequences of duration and exposure to the hazard workplace and workstation layout working posture and position work organisation the introduction of new work processes skill and experience level of employees personal characteristics of employees exposed to the risk (colour blindness or hearing impairment) existing control measures in place such as the use of clothing and personal protective equipment.

26. Assessing the Risks Likelihood (Exposure) Severity (Hazard) Negligible Minor Major Death 1 2 3 4 4 Very Likely 4 8 12 16 3 Likely 3 6 9 12 2 Unlikely 2 4 6 8 1 Very Unlikely 1 2 3 4 Assessments of likelihood and consequence can be translated into levels of risk using a risk assessment table. Areas of high risk can be given first priority for elimination or control in the workplace. Consequence, or extent of the injury or ill health were it to occur, can be rated in the following way Death. Major or serious injury (serious damage to health which may be irreversible, requiring medical attention and ongoing treatment). Such an injury is likely to involve significant time off work. Minor injury (reversible health damage which may require medical attention but limited ongoing treatment ). This is less likely to involve significant time off work. Negligible injuries (first aid only with little or no lost time). Unlikely to involve more than 1 day off work. Likelihood, or the chance of each of the situations or events actually occurring, can be rated in the following way. Very likely (exposed to hazard continuously). Likely (exposed to hazard occasionally). Unlikely (could happen but only rarely). Very unlikely (could happen, but probably never will). This classification would be used very rarely. Using a risk assessment table

27. Exercise For the identified hazards determine: Routes to harm The current risk level using the risk table Routes to Harm Risk L S Risk What did you learn from this?

28. Risk Evaluation?

29. 8 © Wärtsilä Revision December 2011 What is a Risk Assessment A process of determining what hazards exist in the work environment, what potential harm would be caused and how it should be eliminated, substituted, enclosed, or other means of control What is a Risk The likelihood of that hazard causing you or someone else harm What is a Control Measure A method to control the hazard to prevent the risk becoming reality Definitions

30. Hierarchy of Control Measures Designing out the risks Where the employee is likely to be exposed an identified hazard the following hierarchy of controls should be considered as part of the risk reduction process.   In order of priority:   Elimination – if possible, avoid the risk altogether- for example conduct the work in a different way, taking care not to introduce new hazards; use a Trolley to transport parts and not carry them.    

31. Hierarchy of Control Measures Designing out the risks…………….     Substitution - you could substitute a dangerous/hazardous product or tool with one which is less dangerous/hazardous – for example substituting an open blade knife with a closed blade type to reduce the risk of cuts . Control the risk at source - for example using manual handling aids when lifting heavy objects; fitting local exhaust ventilation to dusty processes; mechanising a process so the person is separated from the hazard; changing the system of work    

32. Hierarchy of Control Measures Designing out the risks……………. Education and Training – ensure that workers and others understand the risk and know what they must do, for example by giving toolbox talks on health issues, or running through the method statement during induction training   Personal Protective Equipment – this should only be used as a last resort as it is the least reliable form of protection. Where PPE is provided, it should be made available free of charge; suitable for the individual; provided with suitable storage and cleaning arrangements and regularly checked to make sure it is in good condition

33. Personnel Protective Equipment Personnel protective equipment (PPE) may be broadly divided as follows: Hearing protection. Respiratory protection. Eye and face protection. Protective clothing. PPE does nothing to stop the hazard at source, but simply provides protection to reduce the severity of the potential accident.

34. Next Stage Look at the controls you have detailed and the indication if they are appropriate for the Hazard and the risk, Work from the Highest identified risk to the Lowest and determine how it is possible and practicable to reduce the risk to a lower level. Elimination Substitution Control the source Education and Training PPE

35. Assessing the Risks Likelihood (Exposure) Severity (Hazard) Negligable Minor Major Death 1 2 3 4 4 Very Likely 4 8 12 16 3 Likely 3 6 9 12 2 Unlikely 2 4 6 8 1 Very Unlikely 1 2 3 4 Assessments of likelihood and consequence can be translated into levels of risk using a risk assessment table. Areas of high risk can be given first priority for elimination or control in the workplace. Consequence, or extent of the injury or ill health were it to occur, can be rated in the following way Death. Major or serious injury (serious damage to health which may be irreversible, requiring medical attention and ongoing treatment). Such an injury is likely to involve significant time off work. Minor injury (reversible health damage which may require medical attention but limited ongoing treatment ). This is less likely to involve significant time off work. Negligible injuries (first aid only with little or no lost time). Unlikely to involve more than 1 day off work. Likelihood, or the chance of each of the situations or events actually occurring, can be rated in the following way. Very likely (exposed to hazard continuously). Likely (exposed to hazard occasionally). Unlikely (could happen but only rarely). Very unlikely (could happen, but probably never will). This classification would be used very rarely. Using a risk assessment table

36. Exercise Looking at the control hierarchy (elimination….) decide what is the BEST method to reduce / eliminate the risk and document Review your risk table with the new controls and record What should you do to control the Risk? Risk L S Risk What lessons have we learned? What actions are necessary? Are the actions reasonably practicable?

37. Final Exercise

38. Final Test Mechanical cleaning of Cylinder Head Fuel pump test facility Operator is using an electrically operated wire bush. Noise level is measured at 95dB (A) Machine generates 110dB (A) of noise A calibration fluid is used Units weigh circa 50kg

39. Review of findings Lets see how may Hazards, routes to harm and controls. Do you think you got the risk right? Risk Assessment What are the hazards What are the potential Risks (Harm) Who is at Risk Measures Employed to control the risk Risk Adequate Controls S L Risk Yes No

40. Mechanical Cleaning Activities carried out Lifting Parts onto cradle and securing, typical weights up to 1Tonne , cleaning using electrically operated tools which produce vibration, dust and generate noise, rotating parts as necessary. Lifting off parts when complete Risk Assessment What are the hazards What are the potential Risks (Harm) Who is at Risk Measures Employed to control the risk Risk Adequate Controls S L Risk Yes No Lack of experience Will take risks / not identify hazards Staff Training and Supervision required 3 2 6 Noise deafness All Correct PPE for those carrying out work and in 3 metre vicinity, clear signage 3 2 6 Vibration Vibration white finger Circulation issues Staff Correct PPE, limitation of use to 30 minutes in every hour, max 4 hours per day 3 1 3 Dust and debris Inhalation of particulates Breathing conditions All Use correct LEV and ensure LEV is working correctly and maintenance routines carried out 2 2 4 Inappropriate / poor fitting PPE, Not effective Staff face mask fitting, suitable gloves, correct Ear defenders 2 2 4 Items falling from height Crushing injuries Staff Lifting equipment suitable (slings, equipment, test certs , training) SWL for Cradle 3 1 3 Entrapment (Rotating cradle) Crushing injuries Staff Clothing and limbs away from rotating parts at all times, signage as necessary, Training 2 2 4 Fatigue Cuts and bruising / lacerations Staff Regular breaks, awareness of risks of fatigue given 2 2 4 Unable to hear alarm, failure to evacuate Trapped in building, smoke inhalation / burns Staff Fire alarm with strobe lighting to give visual warning, fire training 3 1 3 Slips trips and falls Cuts and bruising / lacerations Staff Good housekeeping, keep area free from trip hazards 2 3 6

41. Mechanical Cleaning Risk Assessment What are the hazards What are the potential Risks (Harm) Who is at Risk Measures Employed to control the risk Risk Adequate Controls S L Risk Yes No Electricity Electrical shock / burns Staff Electrical testing / inspection carried out 3 1 3 Manual Handling Muscular skeletal injuries Staff Training, good ergonomic design of equipment 3 2 6 Pressure to complete tasks in timescales Fatigue, stress conditions Staff Regular monitoring, good job planning, regular breaks and social interaction 3 3 9

42. Fuel Pump Rig Activities carried out Lifting Parts onto rig and securing using specialist tooling on shadow boards, typical weights up to 50Kgs , Rig operates by rotating a cam, generating 110dB (A) of noise, Calibration fluid is used and pumped ah high pressure, an amount of vapour from fluid is expected. Lifting off parts when complete Risk Assessment What are the hazards What are the potential Risks (Harm) Who is at Risk Measures Employed to control the risk Risk Adequate Controls S L Risk Yes No Lack of experience Will take risks / not identify hazards Staff Training and Supervision required 3 2 6 Noise deafness All Correct PPE, clear signage, Double plug i (Ear Plugs and Defenders) are required 3 2 6 Vibration Vibration white finger Circulation issues Staff Correct PPE, limitation of use to 30 minutes in every hour, max 4 hours per day 3 1 3 Calibration Fluid vapours Inhalation of vapours Breathing conditions All Use correct LEV and ensure LEV is working correctly and maintenance routines carried out 2 2 4 Inappropriate / poor fitting PPE, Not effective Staff face mask fitting, suitable gloves, correct ear defenders 2 2 4 Items falling from height Crushing injuries Staff Lifting equipment suitable (slings, equipment, test certs , training) SWL for Cradle 3 1 3 Entrapment (Rotating) Crushing injuries Staff Clothing and limbs away from rotating parts at all times, signage as necessary, Training 2 2 4 Unable to hear alarm, failure to evacuate Trapped in building, smoke inhalation / burns Staff Fire alarm with strobe lighting to give visual warning, fire training 3 1 3 Slips trips and falls Cuts and bruising / lacerations Staff Good housekeeping, keep area free from trip hazards 2 3 6

43. Fuel Pump Rig Risk Assessment What are the hazards What are the potential Risks (Harm) Who is at Risk Measures Employed to control the risk Risk Adequate Controls S L Risk Yes No Electricity Electrical shock / burns Staff Electrical testing / inspection carried out 3 1 3 Manual Handling Muscular skeletal injuries Staff Training, good ergonomic design of equipment 3 2 6 Pressure to complete tasks in timescales Fatigue, stress conditions Staff Regular monitoring, good job planning, regular breaks and social interaction 3 3 9 Poor access to tooling (ingress / egress) Muscular skeletal injuries Staff Access area clear at all times 3 3 9

44. Nothing is so important that we cannot take the time to do our job Safely Remember

45. Health and Safety is YOUR responsibility Remember