Manasara Shilpa Shastra, principles of Vedic City Planning.pptx

The eight layouts of Manasara Shilpa Shastra, principles of Vedic City Planning are described in detail with examples.

1. VEDIC CITY PLANNING AND EXAMPLES OF PLANNED CITIES GAYATRI KAFLE_05

2. MANASARA SHILPA SHASTRA (मनसरा शिल्प शास्त्र ) The Manasara Shilpa Shastra, often known as Manasa or Manasa, is a classic Sanskrit work on Indian architecture and design. Towns based on plans ranging from Pechaka (plan of four squares) to Asana (plan of 100 squares). It speaks of the street that is on the border of the street ( Mangalaveedhi ) and the street that surround the Brahmasthana ( Brahmaveedhi ). Laying out should start in the NE ( Easanya ). A prosperous town is normally situated along a sea or river coast. A stream on the North border of the city running to the east or the concept of the Mega-city as an island will indeed contribute to its global success. LAYOUT TYPES 1. DANDAKA 2. SARVATHOBHADRA 3. NANDYAVARTA 4. PADMAKA 5. SWASTIKA 6. PRASTARA 7. KARMUKA 8. CHATURMUKHA

3. DANDAKA (दंडक) Provides two main entrance gates. Generally adopted for small towns and villages. Streets are straight in this style of town plan and cross one another at a right angle in the middle ( Grid road ) . On its four square or rectangular sides, it features four gates. The street’s width ranges from one to five danda , or around 1-2 metres . At the ends, there are two transverse streets. The village offices being located in the east. The female deity of the village or the chamadevata will generally be located outside the village. The male deities are placed in the Northern portion. Eg. - Ujjain City, India 1 Dandaka layout

4. 1 Dandaka layout Ujjain, India UJJAIN, INDIA Ujjain city has a settlement pattern spread along the transport routes like railways & roads, and river. The growth of the city is in linear and wedge-shaped pattern (sacred geometry). The city follows the Hoyt sector model theory because the settlement pattern of the city is along the railway line. The city is connected to major nodes in the region through five radial roads and a broad-gauge railway line to Bhopal. The city features wide, straight streets arranged in a grid pattern.

5. SARVATHOBHADRA (सर्वतोभद्र) This type of town plan is applicable to larger villages and towns, which have to be constructed on a square site According to this plan, the whole town should be fully occupied by houses of various descriptions and inhabited by all classes and socioeconomic strata of people. The temple dominates the village. Eg. - City of Thanjavor , Sadasivapet in Medak, Srirangam town of Tamil Nadu 2 Sarvathobhadra layout

6. SRIRANGAM TOWN OF TAMIL NADU 2 Srirangam  is a neighbourhood in the city of  Tiruchirappalli  in the Indian state of  Tamil Nadu . A river island, Srirangam is bounded by the  Kaveri River  on one side and its  distributary   Kollidam  on the other side . This small Indian city has over 2500 years of known history where expansions and colonization have taken place. The urban form of Srirangamis followed by Sarvatobhadra  in Manasara and enriched with the ideology and the culture of Sri Vaishnavism. The city centre has remained true to the original design. Initially there were only two temples ,with individual settlements around them in a particular order the temple with the brahmin, Vaishya, & Shudra community residence laid out in concentric pattern around the temple . The status and power was reflected in the height of the building. The settlement patterns were community or occupation based. The volume and character of the streets network change when we move from periphery to the centre of the temple. It has three divisions in its settlements such as the temple, residential areas and the commercial areas with few public buildings. There are overall seven rings around the temple, of which four are inside the temple (the temple praharam /processional pathways) complex and three of the mare located outside the temple. Sarvathobhadra layout Srirangam Town

7. NANDYAVARTA (नन्द्यावर्त) ‘ Nandyavarta ’ is the name of a flower, the form of which is followed in this layout. This plan is commonly used for the construction of towns, and not for villages. It is generally adopted for the sites either circular or square in shape, with not less than three thousand houses, but not more than four thousand. The streets run parallel to the central adjoining streets with the temple of the presiding deity in the center of the town. Eg. - City of Madurai 3 Nandyavarata layout

8. 3 TEMPLE CITY OF MADURAI Nandyavarata layout Nandyavarata layout Temple city of Madurai Madurai’s city planning follows a concentric rectangular layout, with the Meenakshi Amman Temple at its center. Concentric streets : The city’s streets are arranged in concentric rectangles, with the temple at the center. Pillared mandapams : Pillared halls and corridors provide shade and create a sense of grandeur. Gopurams : The temple’s ornate towers (gopurams) are iconic landmarks and symbols of the city’s cultural heritage. Sacred tanks : Sacred water bodies ( pushkarinis ) are integrated into the temple complex, providing a tranquil atmosphere. Marketplaces : Bustling marketplaces and shopping streets surround the temple, offering a range of goods and services.

9. PADMAKA (पद्मक) This type of plan was practiced for building of the towns with fortress all round. The pattern of the plan resembles the petals of lotus radiating outwards from the center. The city used to be practically an island surrounded by water, having no scope for expansion. Eg. - City of Vijayanagara 4 Padmaka layout

10. 4 CITY OF VIJAYNAGARA The Vijayanagar empire designed its cities especially to protect the empire from invaders. Built of massive stone and earthen walls, hilltop fortresses and watch towers scatter across the length and breadth of the city. The Sacred Center and the Royal Center constituted the major two zones.  The Sacred, generally spread along the south bank, hosts the highest concentration of religious structures. The Royal Center has been noted for its stately structures, both civil and military. The seat of power of the empire was located at the core of that area.  Padmaka layout Natural fortress City of Vijayanagara Streets of Vijayanagara

11. SWASTIKA (स्वस्तिक) Swastika type of plan contemplates some diagonal streets dividing the site into certain triangular plots. The site need not be marked out into a square or rectangle and it may be of any shape. A rampart wall surrounds the town, with a moat at its foot filled with water. Two main streets cross each other at the center, running South to North and West to East. This type of plan comtemplates some diagonals streets dividing the site into triangular plots. Eg. - Vidhyadhar Nagar, Jaipur 5 Swastika Layout

12. 5 VIDHYADHAR NAGAR, JAIPUR Swastika Layout The area is named after Vidhyadhar, the chief architect of Jaipur, who was responsible for designing the city's layout. Grid Pattern : The city’s layout follows a Swastika-like grid, with. Wide Roads: The area has wide, tree-lined roads intersecting at right angles to create a symmetrical, four-armed pattern The center of the Swastika often holds key community spaces. The Swastika’s arms align with cardinal directions. Vidhyadhar Nagar, Jaipur

13. PRASTARA (प्रस्तर) The characteristic feature of this plan is that the site may be either square or rectangular but not triangular or circular. The sites are designated for the poor, the middle class, the rich and the very rich according to each persons’ ability to buy or build on the land. The sizes of the sites increasing according to the capacity of each to purchase or build upon. The main roads (primary highways) are much wider compared to those of other patterns. The town may or may not be surrounded by a fort. Eg. - City Of Jaipur, City of Rajbiraj 6 Prastara Layout

14. 6 CITY OF RAJBIRAJ Prastara Layout City plan of Rajbiraj Rajbiraj city was systematically designed in 1938 based on the Indian city Jaipur by then chief architect and engineer Dilli Jung Thapa The city was planned on 60 bigha of land, later expanded to 78 bigha by adding 10 bigha to the northern side for government offices ( Kachahari line) and 8 bigha to the southern side for officials’ residential area (Swarna tol ). The planning is based on Hindu systems of town planning , following Prastara type of layout. Rajbiraj is also a grid of 3x3 with gridlines being the city’s main streets.

15. 6 CITY OF JAIPUR Prastara Layout City plan of Jaipur City of Jaipur The planning is based on Hindu systems of town planning , following Prastara type of layout. The plan of Jaipur is a grid of 3x3 with gridlines being the city’s main streets. The central axis of the town was laid from East to West between the gates of the Sun (Suraj Pol) and the Moon (Chand Pol), which was crossed by two roads at right angles. It provided a continuous line of defense by building the western boundary right up to the hill’s apex. The mandala could not be complete in the NW due to the presence of the hills. On the other hand in the SE, an extra square has been added.

16. KARMUKA (कार्मुक) This plan is suitable for the place where the site of the town is in the form of a bow or semi-circular or parabolic. Mostly applied for towns located along seashore or riverbanks. The main streets of the town run from North to South or East to West and the cross streets run at right-angles to them, dividing the whole area into blocks. The presiding deity, commonly a female deity, is installed in the temple build in any convenient place. Eg. – Kochi, Mangalore (coastal towns); Latur town (Maharashtra), Shahjahanbad 7 Karmuka Layout

17. LATUR TOWN, MAHARASHTRA 7 Karmuka Layout Plan of Latur Town Present day Latur

18. SHAHJAHANBAD, DELHI Urban spatial structure of Shahjahanabad was different from that of the other Mughal Capitals, because it was planned and built by one concentrated planning effort. Creation of architectural expression of what has often been called the patrimonial system in its climax. The site was placed on a high land as in the shastra and was karmukha or bow shaped, for this ensured its prosperity. The arm of the archer was Chandni Chowk.. The string was Yamuna river. The junction of the two main axes is the most auspicious point in the whole region and was therefore the red fort. Shows traces of both Persian and Hindu traditions of town planning and architecture with the Persian influence largely accounting for the formalism and symmetry of the palaces gardens and boulevards. The designed infrastructure of Shahjahanabad comprised of: The fort. The Friday mosque. The other major mosques The two main boulevards. The bazaars around the Friday mosque. The elaborate system of water channels. The major gardens and the city wall. 7 Karmuka Layout Plan of Shahjahanbad

19. CHATURMUKHA (चतुर्मुख) This type of plan is applicable to all towns starting from the largest town to the smallest village. The site may be either square or rectangular having four faces. The town is laid out East to West lengthwise, with four main streets. The temple of the presiding deity will always be at the centre . Eg. - Peruru Agarahram , Andhra Pradesh 8 Chaturmukha Layout

20. PERURU AGARAHRAM, ANDHRA PRADESH 8 Chaturmukha Layout Peruru Agarahram , Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh has the second- longest coastline of 972km among the states of India. Two major rivers, the Godavari and the Krishna, run across the state. The village follows the traditional agraharam layout, with two rows of houses running north-south on either side of a road, centered around a temple to the village god. The village is a planned one, following the Vedic Chaturmukha layout of city planning. Mud streets in Peruru

21. thank you https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/14-town-planning-ancient-india-vedic-buddha-period/86175961#8 https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/vedic-principles-for-planningcities/26446266#16 https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/architectural-community/a8961-manasaras-eight-types-of-plans-for-designing-towns/ https://www.academia.edu/28716657/TOWN_PLANNING_IN_INDIA_ANCIENT_AGE_MEDIEVAL_AGE_MODERN_AGE https://www.sid-thewanderer.com/2015/11/peruru-heritage-village-andhra-pradesh.html https://search.brave.com/search?q=city+plan+of+rajbiraj&source=desktop&summary=1&summary_og=884490dab58083b8b59ef1 https://architexturez.net/doc/az-cf-123686 https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/ancient-town-planning-principles-and-techniques/243148432 https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/14-town-planning-ancient-india-vedic-buddha-period/86175961#10