Mango bacterial canker diseases ppt.pptx

Mango disease

1. welcome

2. Mango bacterial canker disease. Causal agent : Xanthomonas sp: campestris pv . mangiferae- indicae 2. Mango malformation Disease. Causal agent: Fusarium mangiferae

3. Mango bacterial canker disease

4. introduction Mango is an evergreen fruit trees. The tree is often planted as a shade tree. The seeds germinate readly and the trees are able to compete with the native vegetation and resist bush fires. Mango bacterial canker disease (MBCD) which is also known as mango canker, bacterial spot, leaf spot, black spot, mango blight, bacterial black spot caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv .

5. mangiferaeindicae ( Xcmi ). The disease was first recorded as bacterial leaf spot from Poona by Patel et al., and from other parts of the country by Shekhawat and Patel and Kishun and Sohi . The disease has also been reported from Aurangabad earlier by Papdiwal and Deshpande . The MBCD bacterium has all the characteristics associated with the genus Xanthomonas, except for pigmentation.

6. Climate The mango is adapted to both tropical and sub tropical conditions. Temperature range is 21-25 C. Rainfall of at least 600 mm/year and altitude of 1500-2000m are ideal for the crop. The crop is intolerant to saline condition. The dry period of at least 3 months is necessary for flowering.

7. Soil Mangoes require deep soil with good drainage not necessarily fertile but mangoes can thrive in a wide range of soil types.

8. HOST PLANTS Common in stone fruits such as mango, cherries and plums but also observed in apricots and peaches.

9. Etiology Xanthomonas campestris  pv.mangiferae-indicae (Patel et al.) Robbs et al. it is a gram negative rod, motile by monotrichous flagella  Phylum:Proteobacteria Class:GammaProteobacteria Order:Xanthomonadales Family: Xanthomonadaceae Genus: Xanthomonas sp: campestris pv . mangiferae - indicae

10. Disease cycle

11. symptoms The disease attacks the leaves, leaf stalks, stem and fruits. On the leaves disease first manifests itself as minute, water soaked irregular lesions, black and is surrounded by chloratic haloes. Due to vein limitations the spots become angular and result in cankerous patches, which sometime dry up. Sever infection results in defoliation. The bacteria also infects the fruits first showing water soaked lesions, which later become dark brown to black and causes sever cracking of fruits, accompanied by heavy bacterial exudation.

12. Bacterial canker symptoms on mango fruit

13. There may be only a few lesions on each fruit but more lesions on tender fruits may lead to sever fruit drop. On branches on twigs the lesions become raised with longitudinal fissures, and are accompanied by the bacterial gummy ooze

14. Symptoms of mango bacterial canker disease

15. FAVORED ENVIRONMENT  Bacterial canker infections occur during fall, winter, and early spring (during cool, wet weather) and are spread by rain or water, and pruning tools. The bacteria overwinter in active cankers, in infected buds, and on the surface of infected and healthy trees and weeds.

16. Mode of spread and survival Infected nursery trees have been a major source of BBS in new orchards Bacterium enters the leaf through stomata and lenticels in fruit and through lenticels in twigs. The bacterium survives in infected parts on the tree. The pathogen survives up to 8months in the leaves. Bacteria from cankers on the twigs are the cause for primary infection on the fruits.

17. Disease spread is rapid during rainy days. Disease spread to the new area through infected planting material. When fruits are found in bunches disease spreads when they contact each other.

18. management Use of clean planting and grafting material and Use of certified seedlings Two sprays of streptocycline200-300ppm at 20days interval reduce fruit infection. Dipping the fruits in 200ppm solution of agrimycin-100 is effective. Mango verities like Bombay green, fazali , Jehangir and suvarnarekha are resistant. Prune flowering trees during blooming when wounds heal fastest

19. Make sure to disinfect your pruning equipment (one part bleach to 4 parts water) after each cut. If using string trimmers around the base of trees avoid damaging bark to prevent infection. Brush bark with white latex paint diluted with water to reduce bark-damaging temperature fluctuations Remove wilted or dead limbs well below infected areas. Avoid pruning in early spring and fall when bacteria are most active.

20. Mango malformation Disease Causal agent: Fusarium mangiferae

21. Disease symptoms Vegetative malformation : Vegetative malformation is pronounced in young seedlings. The affected seedlings develop vegetative growths which are abnormal growth, swollen and have very short internodes.

22. Floral malformation :The flower buds are transformed into vegetative buds and a large number of small leaves and stems, which are characterized by appreciably reduced internodes and give an appearance of witches‟ broom. The flower buds seldom open and remain dull green.

23. Malformation in mango

24. Survival and spread The disease is mainly spread via infected plant material. Mango malformation disease spreads slowly within affected orchards. The mango bud mite, Aceria mangiferae, has been associated with mango malformation disease as wounds from the mites‟ feeding activity are thought to facilitate fungal infection.

25. management Diseased plant should be destroyed. Use disease free planting material. Scion sticks from infected tree should not be used. The affected terminals along with the basal 15-20 cm healthy portion should be removed or pruned and burnt. Spraying of Planofix (200ppm) during the first week of October followed by deblossoming at bud burst stage is recommended.

26. Thank you Rakesh Kumar