Mango.ppt

All about mango cultivation
management
diseases
pest

1. MANGO

2. INTRODUCTION
•Scientific name: MangiferaindicaL Family Anacardiaceae.
•Origin: Indo Burma region
•tropical fruits
•It is known as the, “King of fruits”,
•National fruit of India‖
•India grows it to the maximum, contributing about 11 million tonnes,
roughly 58% of the world production of19 million tonnes. In India it is
cultivated in an area of 12.3 lakhhectares occupying
•22% of the total area under fruits in India and with a production of
about 11 million tonnesconstituting about 23% of total production of
fruits.

3. USESsource of Vitamin-A and C.
The immature and green fruit is used in pickles and chutneys.
Ripe mango slices and pulp can be preserved and canned for
use when the fresh fruit is out of season.

4. CLIMATE
•Found to be growing uptoan elevation of 1100 m MSL but for better
production its cultivation limited upto600 MSL
•It does best in regions which receive good rainfall in hot weather from
June –September followed by a more or less dry spell in the subsequent
period
•Rainfall-125 cm in monsoon is suitable
•Time of rain is more important
•Rainfall during flowering and fruit setting (Feb-April) is harmful as it
interferes with pollination activities
•
•Temperature-24-27 C during growing season with high humidity
•Wind free area-----as wind cause fruit and flower fall and mechanical
injury to tree

5. SITE &SOIL•Long lived tree------so need Pre-planning, systematic lay-out,
selection of planting material
•Orchards should not be planted in the close vicinity of brick
kilns (cause black tip disease)
•Soil---deep and well drained, loamy texture
•There should not be any hard pan
•Both soil and sub-soil should be examined thoroughly before
planting
•Soil pH-5.5-7.5

6. COMMERCIAL MANGO VARIETIES
•Andhra Pradesh----Banganapalli, Suvarnarekha, Neelum and Totapuri
•Bihar------Bombay green, Chausa, Dashehari, Fazli, Gulabkhas, Kishen Bhog,
•Himsagar, Zardalu and Langra
•Gujarat----Kesar, Alphonso, Rajapuri, Jamadar, Totapuri, Neelum, Dashehari and Langra
•Haryana ---Chausa, Dashehari, Langra and Fazli
•Himachal Pradesh ---Chausa, Dashehari and Langra
•Karnataka ---Alphonso, Totapuri, Banganapalli, Pairi, Neelum and Mulgoa
•Madhya Pradesh ---Alphonso, Bombay Green, Dashehari, Fazli, Langra and Neelum
•Maharashtra ---Alphonso, Kesar and Pairi
•Punjab---Chausa, Dashehari and Malda
•Rajasthan ----Bombay Green, Chausa, Dashehari and Langra
•Tamil Nadu----Alphonso, Totapuri, Banganapalli and Neelum
•Uttar Pradesh ------Bombay Green, Chausa, Dashehari and Langra
•West Bengal ------Fazli, Gulabkhas, Himsagar, Kishenbhog, Langra and Bombay Green

7. AVAILABILITY OF MANGO
FRUITS
•In India, mango is available from March to mid-August. The north
Indian cultivars are alternate-bearer whereas south Indian ones are
generally regular-bearer.
•Andhra Pradesh March to mid –August
•Bihar May-end to mid-August
•Gujarat April to July
•Haryana June to August
•Himachal Pradesh mid-June to mid-August
•Karnataka May to July
•Madhya Pradesh Mid-April to July
•Maharashtra April to July
•Rajasthan May to July
•Tamil Nadu April to August
•Uttar Pradesh Mid-May to August
•West Bengal May to August

8. PROPAGATION
•Mango is a highly heterozygous and cross-pollinated crop.
•There are 2 types of mango varieties
.(Monoembryonic and polyembryonic)
•Most of the varieties in south are polyembryonic and thus
give true-to-type seedlings.
•In north, the varieties grown are monoembryonic and need
to be propagated vegetatively.

9. PROPAGATION METHODS
•1. Seeds
•2. lnarching:
•3. Veneer and side grafting
•4. Epicotyl/stone grafting:
•Mango is propagated on mango rootstock.
•For raising rootstock, the seeds of mango are sown within 4-5
weeks after extraction otherwise they lose their viability.
•For sowing the seeds, raised beds are prepared with a mixture
farmyard manure, red soil and sand
•Or raise seedlings in polybags
•Seedlings then grafted

10. inarching
Epicotyle grafting

11. PLANTING AND HDP
•Systems-square, rectangular, hexagonal
•Time-June-Sep
•Pit size-1X1x1m
•Spacing----depends on the vigour of the variety and the cropping system.
•High-density planting helps increase the yield/unit area. In north India, mango
Amrapaliis found amenable for high-density planting with a spacing of 2.5m x
2.5m.
•The polyembryonicmango Vellaikolumbanwhen used as rootstock imparts
dwarfing in Alphonso.

12. AFTER CARE AND
MANAGEMENT
•Training and pruning-
•important practice during the first few years to give shape
•essential to space the branches properly to facilitate intercultural operations.
•Manuring and fertilization
•Nitrogen-73g
•P
2o
5-18g
•K
2O-68g from the age of 1 -10 years
•After 10 YEAR
•Nitrogen-730g
•P
2o
5-180g
•K
2O-680g in two split doses-July Aug and Sep -oct
•Spraying of Borax (0.5%) after fruit set twice at monthly intervals and 0.5% manganese
sulphate after blooming corrects boron and manganese deficiencies respectively
•Intercropping-
•blackgram-wheat-mango and brinjal-onion-mango gives better monetary benefits.

13. HARVESTING AND POSTHARVEST
MANAGEMENT
•Mangoes should be harvested with pedicel.
•Avoid Injury to the fruits during harvesting
•An average mango tree yields 8 tonnes /ha.
•The number of fruits per tree doing its bearing age generally various
from 1000 to 2000 fruits.
•Grading and packaging
graded according to their size.
To maintain the quality, proper packaging is a must.
In western region, bamboo baskets are used for packing. A basket contains 50-100
fruits. Straw is used for packing.
Wooden boxes are also used in some place.
perforated cardboard are generally used.
In these boxes either fruits are individually wrapped with tissue paper before packing
or paper shavings are used for cushioning.
Sorage
The temperature of 5-16°C for different varieties is ideal for storing
Mangoes are highly susceptible to low temperature injury

14. DISORDERS IN MANGO
•1. Alternate bearing-heavy crop one year, little or no crop next year
•North Indian varieties more prone(Dusehari, Langra, Chausa)
•Amprapali---DusehariXNeelum (regular bearer)
•Use-200ppm ethephon with 0.1 percent urea
•2. Mango malformation-(mites, virus or fungus Fusarium
moniliformae var.Subglutinans)
•Two types-vegetative and floral malformation
•Spray 200 ppm NAA in October and pruin the affected part

15. PACKING

16. MANGO MALFORMATION

17. BLACK TIP DISORDER

18. 3. Fruit drop-only 0.1 % flower develop into mature fruits (pin
head drop, post setting drop and May drop)
•Spray 20 ppm 2,4-D in April-May
4. Black Tip-in Orchard located in vicinity of brick kilns (sulphur
dioxade),
•fruit never reach maturity and fall earlier
•Avoid such place near kiln
•Spray 0.6 % Borax before flowering, at fruiting along with
2:2:250 bordeaux

19. •5. Spongy Tissue-common in Alphonso
•Non-edible, sour, yellow sponge like patch
•Cause-Solar radiations keeps soil much heated and heat
emitted by soil by convective flux cause spongy tissue
•Mulch soil with paddy straw during hot months
•Hybrids---
•Ratna and Arka Puneet
•free from this disorder

20. PLANT PROTECTION
•Insect pest-
•Mango mealy bug-suck juice-use alkatheneslippery bands, apply
50% methyleparathiondustto kill nymph
•Mango hopper-suck sap eat tender leaves
•Apply Hexavin50 WP, 800 ml MalationEC
•Mango fruit fly-maggots feed on pulp-Use light trap, Spray
malathion
•Stem borer-methyl parathion 50EC for plugging holes with cotton
and mud.
•Disease
•Powdery mildew-
•Spray 0.1 % Karathane
•Anthracnose/ die back-Apply bordeauspaint, spray 2:2:250
bourdeaux.